Volume 7, Issue 5, May – 2022 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165

Traffic Management System for Smart Cities

Rashmi Priyadarshini B K ¹, M Rahul ², N V Akshaya ³, K Balaji ⁴, N Dinesh Kumar Reddy 5
School of ECE,
REVA University, Bangalore.

Abstract:- The main objective of our paperInvention is to general public to make simpler everyday better
work on density-based traffic control and smart lane transportations. These traffic signals are established for
changesover for Ambulance. From past many years, we smooth flow vehicles without any confliction between the
all observed that there is a hefty traffic happening on pedestrians. Traffic signals are invented by a policeman
roads, which influences the progression of ambulances. named Lester Wire in 1912. It is easy for ambulance to cross
Nowadays managing or controlling the traffic in smart the junction with the helpof movable divider if these traffic
cities isgetting complicated due to rapid enhancement of signals are strictly followed their rules any confliction
Automobiles. Tofigure out this challenge we came up with between the pedestrians. Traffic signals are invented by a
the invention of “Traffic Management System for Smart policeman named Lester Wire in 1912. It is easy for
Cities”. ambulance to cross the junction with the help of movable
divider if these traffic signals are strictly followed theirrules
Key components included in the work are PIC ambulance to cross the junction with the help of movable
Microcontroller, DC motors and IR sensors. We will be divider if these traffic signals are strictly followed their
using IR sensors in Four Intersection roads which detect rules any confliction between the pedestrians. Traffic signals
the nature of the traffic. All these IR sensors are are invented by a policeman named Lester Wire in 1912. It is
connected to the PIC Microcontroller. If the ambulance easy for ambulance to cross the junction with the help of
got struck because of the traffic, RF receiver present at movabledivider if these traffic signals are strictly followed
the signal on receiving the RF signal sent from the their rules RF Transmitter which is located and installed in
emergency vehicle and sendsthe data to the control unit. the ambulance will sends the information upon its arrival to
After signal received from the RF transmitter, the road the RF receiverwhich is introduced at the junction signal. IR
divider starts moving right side a bit far for free pathof sensors which is placed in the four roads are connected to the
ambulance. After that, the divider comes to the original control unit. Components aremainly interconnected to the PIC
path. If These rules were followed, this will be the exact Microcontroller.
solution for the ambulance free path. This paper will
regulate the traffic signals and saves the crucial time Our paper is not exclusively only for ambulances we can
needed for the ambulance andbehaves like a “life saver use it for many other emergency vehicles like Fire Engines,
project”. VIP vehicles, Blood donation vehicles, Civil defence
vehicles. This paper will decrease the obstacles between the
Keywords:- PIC Microcontroller, Traffic signals, IR sensors, vehicles in rush hour gridlock and assists with giving quick
Road Divider. recuperation. Our proposed paper really very simple and
friendly cost which made us to work on it smoothly. Our
I. INTRODUCTION system helps manyemergency vehicles who is suffering with
traffic congestion.
During the past years, no traffic police involved in their
duty to control the traffic. And there is only one lane road II. LITERATURE SURVEY
which does not helps the people to reach their destination
properly on time. After some years, two lane road is Nowadays technology has become an important role in
constructed. Even though it won’t help in control the traffic human life. And accidents are part of our era, which were
blockage. caused due touncertain negligence and uncertain levels. To
avoid accidents, we human sources have discovered some
We know that many patients were lost their lives with essential rules. Traffic congestion and tide current (often
these traffic blockages. Mainly with Heart issue patients are dangerous) are the main reasons which cause delays to
dying inthe ambulance itself and most important thing is road ambulances. There may be several reasons for traffic
accidents. It also produces the pollution which hits hard on slowdown, like rapid growth of human population and
the people’shealth. temporary traffic flowdisruption.

Increment of vehicles everyday keeps theambulance and These are the most unwelcomed that causethe roadway
patients at risk. If this is howit will be, it is very complicated to be blocked, a construction zone causing unpredictable and
thing to savethe patients. In future, it may even growhigher change in road patterns or inclement weather conditions that
and can become adverse. In this movement recapturing things leads to all accidents. To get away from all kinds of accidents
should be made right away. Thus, for our over populated and to save the human race we implemented a scheme called
climate there is a genuine requirement for this paper for the [1,3] ITLS. The main theme behind this theory is to provide

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Volume 7, Issue 5, May – 2022 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
a smooth flow for emergency vehicles and other important that the system might get hacked and the atmospheric
vehicles to reach the hospitals in time which leads to conditions can get impact the flow of the process. The above
minimizing the delay caused by the traffic congestions. The mentioned can be purely avoided in the paper we proposed as
basic function of traffic lights requires more than sight it only uses RF signal to get transmitted.
function and coordination to make sure that traffic and living
things move in a coordinate system, assmoothly as possible. As you can see in this [7] they have usedMega Arduino
The idea is to implement the ITLS which mechanically which plays an important role in the work of moving the
controls the traffic lights and which leads the path to divider in needs byusing RFID reader. It is used to control the
ambulances. The ambulances here are controlled by the actions needed for the paper. The cost of the Mega Arduino
control unit [17] which leads a unique route to the [8] is high as compared to PICMicrocontroller. The number of
ambulances and also controls the traffic signals according to pins presented in PIC microcontroller is less than the
ambulances location and makes it to the hospital. The sensor Arduino. It is having more memoryspaces and with more
system [18] attached to the vehicle identifies the accident spot input pins when it is. We can use make of moving the
and passes the signal through the control unit to nearby divider inneeds by using RFID [11] reader.
hospitals. This theory is fully automated which finds the
accident spots andcontrols the traffic lights, and also helps the The number of pins will be less in PIC Microcontroller
ambulance to reach the hospital in a short period. [13] to that of Arduino. compared to other microcontrollers
which is available in the market. These IR sensors [1] are
IR sensors [4] present in the four intersection roads internally connected with Arduino to check the density of the
detects the density of the vehicles on the road. Ambulances traffic. Connections made between the components is a long
will send the RF signals to control unit (which acts as a setupin the Arduino. The main advantage of Arduino [8] is
Receiver) upon its arrival. The systems that are being having more memory spaces than the PIC microcontrollers.
implemented or proposed works onthe basis of IR sensors. In Normally, it is used in big projects in order to maintain a
some innovations technology based on using RFID [3] has standard inputs and outputs. It can also be used for software
alsobeen present. Thus, where they lack having the alternate by connecting it to the computer. Choosing Arduino in this
method to control flow. And it also can’t be stated whether an paper makes it more expensive for designing the project. So,
emergency vehicle like ambulance, Fire engine. So, these are we suggested PIC microcontroller for suitable cost.
the times where our project becomes handy. In following
cases the time limit mustnot be taken into account. III. PROPOSED SYSTEM DESIGN

There are much more defined solutions using image The system proposed works using PIC Microcontroller,
processing [2] which lacks capturing of the images clearly. which works as the heart ofour proposed work. Commands or
Capturing of the images depends on the climatic condition actions will be performed using this Microcontroller
(sometimes during fog or rain which can’t beclearly seen). according to the code used. When the supplyof power is given
This can be completely eliminated in our model where we use to the Microcontroller and the IR sensors placed on the one
only RF signals to transmit to the control unit. Special side of the road detects the incoming of the objects or
modified algorithms, morphology cannot be used in vehicles. It is not necessary to keep the sensors on either of
Intelligent Traffic Control Systems (ICTS) [1]. the road, as if one side ofthe road is jammed then the other side
will befree moving or it will be moderate. We can get the
The other proposed system based on android application output through DC motors, Relays, LEDs and LCD.
[1], which works on installing an apk file in the phone and
then confirms the registration by the server ofcloud and the When the supply of power is given to the
coordinates of the local signal system is then stored in that of Microcontroller and the IR sensors placed onthe one side of
cloud computing server. And now the emergency vehicle can the road detects the incoming signals of the obstacles and will
be able to track using the coordinates [8] at any time which reflect back to the photodiode. It is not necessary to keepthe
will be intimated to the server by disclosing the location of sensors on either of the road, as if one side of the road is
the vehicle. Here, in this case a unique id to be created that is jammed then the other side willbe free moving or it will be
to be registered in the cloud [14]. The command will be moderate. We canget the output through DC motors, Relays,
selected in the server on which the colour of the traffic signal LEDs and LCD.
will be changed according with. But there are mere chances

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Volume 7, Issue 5, May – 2022 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165

Fig 1:- Flowchart of the proposed system

There are two sensors placed on each side ofthe road divider willbe very slow that the persons on the other sidecan
where the distance between them canbe altered according to. be intimated by the help of LCDs displayand alerting LEDs.
When the sensors transmit, the objects can be detected
replace the switch where the movement of the divider The relays which can be defined as electrically operated
performed and the divider will come to its original position automated switches will be used crosses the signal. The
when the ambulance crosses the signal. The movement of the movement ofthe divider will be very slow that the persons.

IV. METHODOLOGY

 Block Diagram

Fig 2:- Block Diagram of the work

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Volume 7, Issue 5, May – 2022 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
As soon as we connect power supply to the system B. 16X2 LCD:
Microcontroller, then the input/output pins, Time, LCD will LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) of two into sixteen
get initialize. IR sensors, RF receiver, MOTOR, Relay parallel is a bit of eight or bit of four interfaced LCD. This
drivers, Traffic LED’s, Emergency laser lights are connected unit allows the user to display text, numerical data and custom
to the controller using IR sensors Traffic lights are controlled created characteristics which are 2 lines displayed on screen
as per the bulk of the vehicles present in the road. Wherever having 16 characters. The device can display ASCII
the road is more density thatroad will becomes green first and characters, Japanese Kana characters. By the usage of
here the IRsensors are used to track down the density inthe extension driver, up to eighty characters can be displayed on
road. If two or more roads are become ofsame density then, this device. There are two very important registers in LCD
the first density activated road becomes green and followed namely Command Code register and Data Register.
by next signal but at this stage time delay will reduceto 30 sec
from 60 sec. C. IR Sensors and LEDs:
The heat of the objects and motion can bedetected using
Whenever the ambulance, emergency or VIP vehicles IR sensors. The radiations emitted from the infrared sensors
needs to pass during traffic, thenRF signal from the transmitter are invisible for the naked eye. LED is an emitterwhereas IR
which was kept in emergency vehicle needs to transmit to the photodiode works on the detector part. IR photodiode is so
control unit through the transmitter. Simultaneously, time sensitive to the IR light which is emitted. The voltage of the
lane shifting system will activate to give a path to emergency output will be changed depending on the IR light magnitude
vehicles and red LED lights start flashing @ 500msec to (5v or 0v).
indicate and alert the other vehicle on both sides of the road.
The movement will be so slow that no damage canoccur. Once The IR light which was received is in proportion to the
emergency vehicle passes out ofsignal then the system will change in the output voltageand the resistance of photodiode.
come back to the normal position and the movement of the This is the principle of working of IR sensor. Some amount
divider will be very slow in this case. The LCD will be used of the radiation is reflected back fromthe object after striking
display the movement of divider. This can be used especially that is emitted from the IR transmitter.
in four cross roads and heavily packed places. We can also
delay the time of divider as not to come back to its original Light-emitting diodes are utilized in applications as
state by using the switch built in the transmitter part in assorted as aeronautics lighting, auto lighting, promoting,
ambulance and till it crosses that particular signal. generallighting, and traffic lights. In devices like TVs, DVD
players we can use the Infrared Light-emitting diodes in that
A. PIC Microcontroller of controller units. LEDs are likewise utilized in seven-
PIC 16F877A is one of the most famous portion display.
Microcontroller. It arrives in a 40 pin and it has numerous
inward peripherals and high performance. Without stressing D. Relay:
more there are adequate pins to join other gadgets. The low A relay is an automated switch which is operated
usage of power and the voltage, it operates in wide range of electrically. Switch contacts will get changed as when the
(2V to 5.5V). It operates at a speed of 10MHz, having internal switch receives the magnetic field created when the current
EEPROM with 8Kb Internal flash memory and including flowthrough the coil. There are two switch positions in coil
setup of RS232 with that of MAX232. current which are ON and OFF and they changeover the
switches. Relaypermits 1st to 2nd circuit which is different
from the former.

V. RESULTS

This work was done on moving the Divider to one side

of the road for the purpose of emergency vehicles. The
following resultsare obtained.

Fig 3 :-Pin Configuration of PIC 16F877A

Fig 4:- The setup of the work done

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Volume 7, Issue 5, May – 2022 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
VI. CONCLUSION

The system we proposed helps in reducingthe delay of

treatment which is needed for thepatients, especially cardiac,
met with accidents et.al. This provides a way for the clearance
of the road for the free passage of emergency vehicles. Time
constraint can alsobe reduced. Mostly used in places of cross-
section, X-junctions and the zones of traffic. Our paper can
be used in most places in Bangalore city. We can get more
accuracy through RF than that of Camera’s. So, the paper
proposed can be helpful in improving the traffic lights
implement. This model can be utilized for multiple purposes,
which will more efficient.

The system proposed helps in calculatingthe amount of

density of traffic using IR sensors which are placed on one
Fig 5:- Divider moving to one side ofroad
side of the road. The density will be either low or moderate
on the other side of the road wherethe movement of divide
The divider which was at the center has moved towards
can be done with ease. PIC Microcontroller behaves as the
the right side a bit as to makepassage for the ambulance and it
heart of the proposed work. Without waiting for the traffic
will be keptthere until emergency crosses the signal and in the
signals to be get changed according to the time intervals set
following it comes back to its original position.
the new way bridges the need where we can save a life, an
immense satisfaction we can get.

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Volume 7, Issue 5, May – 2022 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
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