Subhash Chandra Bose (1897-1945)

In GITA, Lord Shri Krishna ji has said that whenever there is injustice, tyranny,
exploitation and sin on earth, he is born on earth to renew the oppressors, exploiters
and sinners in some form or the other. Similarly, exploitation, injustice, atrocities and sin
have spread on the land of India, so here Rishis, sages, Mahatmas, Mana, Fakir and
fighters have taken birth. One such warrior and karma yogi was born at the end of the
19th century and due to his karmic hair and pudding tendencies had made people
sleepless. We know one such fighter by the name of Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose. Not
at this time, millions of people were going to death due to plague and famine in many
parts of India, their British Queen Victoria was in her own way. In the same year Swami
Vivekananda came to India by hosting the flag of Hinduism and Vedanta in the world.
Mahatma Gandhi in the South had blown the trumpet of the struggle against the
government of Pretoria. The same Subhash was born on the land of Bharat. British rule
exports to Britain like its regular work, said that the intellectual class fights for political
progress, society and religion reforms and in the amidst of all this, slaves of Britishers
revolted, the country of India engaged in the restoration of self-confidence, pride and
honor.
At the time of Chandra's birth, India was trapped in the clutches of British slavery and
started dreaming for independence. This struggle was taking shape under the
leadership of the Congress at the time of its birth to get emancipation and the third was
against the slavery of the British government. Despite this, the economic condition of
India was deteriorating day by day because the policy of economic exploitation and
siphoning of money had ruined India's economy. Create a consciousness among the
youth of India in the rise of India, which also inspired the people of India to stand up for
their rights against the exploiting foreign rule. He created a new consciousness in the
youth during the national movement and the youth were ready to give two hands to the
powerful British government for the attainment of independence. The thoughts of
Subhash Chandra Bose were included in the course of study for the youth to adopt their
ideals and ideas.
Biography of Subhash Chandra Bose
(LIFE HISTORY OF SUBHASH CHANDRA BOSE)
1. LIFE AND FAMILY (Early Life and Family)
Subhash Chandra Bose was a great who was born to Prabha vati Bose and Janaki
Nath Bose on 23 January 1897 in Orissa was a Hindu. He had 5 brothers and 3 sisters.
His mother was an intelligent and determined woman, who was a Hindu pious woman
and read Gita daily. Subhas Chandra Bose was the child of his parents. The principle
was well ingrained in his mind that life is more like a battlefield, If you are victorious in
this, you will get honor and fame and if you die, you will be called martyr."
2. early education
Subhash always followed this principle. Baptist mission. Mainly the European children of
the city were already Indian. European children of that time may have been racist, but
arrogantly and as such, the native children were called 'Natives' and with an inferiority
complex Subhash joined this school every year between 1902 and 1909. In 1909, at the
age of 12, he attended the prestigious Ravenshaw Collegiate School in Cuttack, from
where he went to Calcutta for the next four years, and by that time Bengali till
matriculation was compulsory. In the same days he also studied Swami Vivek books. In
1913 he passed the examination of matriculation and was on the second.
3. Higher Education
continued his studies in Phalke Presidency to do Intermediate to BA (Hons) in 1915. by
this The seeds of the nation also sprouted within Subhash. E.F.O. Oaten, a history
professor of the same college, in a function at the Eden Hindu Hostel, called Indians
wild, uncivilized and condemned saffron. The students of the college found this paddy
insulting. On February 15, 1916, he turned on some and beat them up. Subhash
Chandra Bose Anang Mohandas was given that task as well as the decision that both of
them should fight. Bose was expelled from the college and rusticated from University of
Calcutta.[77] The incident shocked Calcutta and caused anguish to Bose's family. His
order was withdrawn in 1917 and in July that year he got admission in the Scottish
Church College. To pass the examination of the Indian Civil Service to England
4. Passed the Examination of ICS But Leave it
ICS was successful with the examination and he was selected for the All India Civil
Service, but he did not accept to serve for British interests under the British. So
Subhash decided to do ICF and wrote a letter to Chittaranjan, who was known by the
name of ‘Deshbandhu’, about leaving the civil service, all the famous lawyers of that
time and intellectuals. When he received Subhash’s letter, he wrote to Subhash that the
job of the Indian Administrative is that of a flower and participating in the Indian National
Movement is a crown full of photographs, in which there is a car related to suffering and
suffering. So you have to choose between a flower bed and a crown of thorns, the
decision is up to you. Subhash Chandra Bose decided to wear a crown full of thorns as
soon as he addressed Baghu’s letter. And left the job to IS for which youth are engaged
day and night.
5. Meeting with Mahatma and Participate in Non-Co-operation Movement
After renouncing ICS, Subhash decided to return to India and returned to Bombay on 16
July 1927. The non-co-operation movement was being run under the leadership of
Mahatma Gandhi. Mahatama gandhi ji was in Mumbai only. After reaching the airport,
Subhash had expressed his intention to meet Mahatma Gandhi and he went straight to
Mahatma Gandhi’s residence. There were discussions on many subjects between the
two great men. Mahatma Gandhi was very impressed by Subhash’s thoughts, he
expressed his desire to give up his ICS job to Mahatma Gandhi and take an active part
in Indian politics. Gandhiji came to know that he had left the ICS examination, then he
asked Subhash Chandra to take the post of Principal of the National College, while in
this position, he could participate in this national movement, as well as for further
planning. Asked to meet Shri Tiranjan Das Basu, Chandra gave his full support to
Mahatma Gandhi’s non-cooperation movement and appealed to the youth to actively
participate in it.
6. To Accept the mentor to Sh. Chitranjan Dass Bara
Mahatma Gandhi had advised Subhash to meet Chitranjan Das. at that time. Subhash
was already acquainted with his great personality, Shri Chittaranjan Das belonged to
high court, but he left advocacy as a result of the inspiration of Mahatma Gandhi and
joined the Yoga movement by Gandhiji. He did the same with Viranjan Das by letter, as
Chiranjan Das had given him to subjugate foreigners. When Jan Subhash personally
met Chittaranjan Das, he was very much impressed by Shri Das that he has found the
political guru he is looking for. Subhash’s meeting with Chittaranjan Das proved to be an
inspiration for Subhash to enter active politics in India. After that Subhash played a very
important role in the freedom struggle of India.
7. Entry Into Politics
In September 1921, a conference of senior Congress leaders started in Calcutta. In this,
Subhash came in contact with senior leaders for the first time. Organized a secret
meeting during the Bengal Congress Committee movement. Subhash participated in
this meeting for the first time. The purpose of this meeting was to protest against the
arrival of the Prince of Vela in Calcutta. Subhash was appointed the director of this
program of Congress in Bengal. Therefore, to prevent any untoward incident, the
government started arresting the activists of the non-cooperation movement. On 10
December 1921, Deshbandhu and after that Subhash were arrested and sent to the
Presidency Jail. In these incidents in Calcutta and other places of Bengal, instead of
becoming more intense, the Government of India got into trouble. He sent Madan
Mohan Malviya as a mediator to meet Deshbandhu in the Presidency Railway so that if
the Congress immediately stopped the non-cooperation movement and bucked the era
of the Prince of Wales, then the government would leave the truth at the same time. In
this context, Deshbandhu informed the telegram to Mahatma Gandhi. Gandhiji wanted
to give a face to the activists of the movement belonging to the Ali brothers of these
Satyagrahis but agreed to give any other recourse to the Vakatarai sahis, and the
agreement was defeated. Subhash Chandra, who was initially opposed to this
agreement, later became a countryman and a supporter of it. In Feb 1922, 22
policemen were burnt alive in the police station by non-cooperation movement supports
at a place named chaura-chauri in Gorakhpur due to which the non-cooperation
movement was ended by Gandhiji. Subhash critisiced this decision. When the
enthusiasm of the public was at its peak, the country was shocked by Gandhi's decision
to withdraw the movement.
8. Formation of Swarajya Party
Mahatma Gandhi abruptly suspended his movement after the violent incident of
Chaura-Chauri, due to which many senior Congress leaders including Pt. Motilal Nehru,
Shri Chittaranjan Das Basu etc. Criticizing Gandhiji, he formed another Swarajya Party
apart from the Congress. Subhas Chandra Bose and Jawaharlal Nehru were given
important posts in this Swarajya Party. This party contested the elections to the State
Legislative Council held in 1925 and won a significant victory. Subhash Chandra Bose
was imprisoned at this time. He was accused of instigating the youth of Bengal and
participating in and conducting revolutionary activities. Subhash defeated his rival JN
Basu from jail with a huge margin of votes and he was elected a member of the
Legislative Council, but the government sent him to Mandalay instead of releasing him,
but he had to bow down due to Subhash's fast. And on May 15, 1927, he had to be
taken to Calcutta and left.
9. Opposition to Simon Commmission
Under the Indian Act of 1919, it was arranged that an Arya would be constituted after 10
years of the implementation of this Act, so that the arrangements made under this Act
would be reviewed. same purpose. For the fulfillment, in November 1927, the British
Government constituted a commission under the chairmanship of Sir John Simon, this
commission is also called Simon Commission. This commission had seven members.
These were all British. The absence of any Indian in the commission set up to know the
problems of India was an insult and subject to the Indians, which no self-respecting
Indian could tolerate. That is why all the political parties decided to oppose it. The
Simon Commission reached Calcutta on January 19, 1929. Subhash, as the leader of
the Bengal Congress, contacted all the leaders of the working class movement including
the communists and planned a joint resistance movement against the Simon
Commission. On January 19, 1929, there was a strike in Calcutta and all the work came
to a standstill. Holi of foreign goods was lit and there were clashes with the police at
many places. Undoubtedly, Subhash was the driving force behind them. About one lakh
people staged a huge demonstration with slogans of 'Simon go back’ in which about
half were laborers. Subhas Chandra Bose had now indeed become the undisputed
leader of the militant nationalists of Banga. At the same time, Subhash and Jawahar Lal
came closer, because both being young, wanted some improvement in the functioning
of the Congress. Both jointly addressed rallies in Bengal and in many other parts of
India.
10. The Nehru Report and Demand for Swarajya Commission
the Secretary of India in the British Parliament, Dicken Head, condemned this action to
the Indians and challenged the Indians whether they themselves Showed it by making a
constitution which is acceptable to all Indians. The leaders accepted this challenge to
the line and made full determination to prepare the constitution. The Congress
convened an all-party meeting of all Indian parties on February 28, 1928, for the
purpose of framing the future Constitution of India. Representatives of 27 political
parties participated in this meeting. For this purpose, everyone’s conference was held in
Bombay in May 1928 and in this conference there was discussion about design of
constutution etc. In this conference, a unit was formed in the hands of Moti Lal Nehru.
Seven other members of it were also Subhash. The function of this committee was to
consider the constitution and prepare the draft of the constitution. This committee is
known as the Nehru Committee in the History of the Indian National Movement and the
report submitted by this committee is known as the Nehru Report. Subhash had a very
important contribution in preparing the report. Subhash Chandra Bose, Jawahar Lal
Nehru etc. In the annual convention of Congress held in kolkata in 1928, youths
proposed to include the demand for complete independence in the agenda of the
Congress, which had to be withdrawn after the displeasure of the old Congressmen
Calcutta.
11. Resolution for Complete Independence
Annual Congress The convention was held in December 1929 in Lahore on the banks
of the Raavi river. Jawaharlal Nehru in association with Mahatma Gandhi was elected
as The president of this convention. Nehru was the President of this session, but in this
session, The personality of Subhash did not shine as much as that of any other leader.
In this session, Gandhiji proposed complete independence. Presented which was
included in the agenda of the Congress. That proposal got full support of Gandhiji. As
such it was passed unanimously. It was also decided in that session that every 26
January will be celebrated as Independence Day. Subhash’s personality and
politicalism increased in this convention. The Lahore session proved to be a symbol of
Subhash’s success. In this session, Mahatma Gandhi himself presented the proposal of
complete independence, which was accepted unanimously. It was the same proposal
which was turned down when Subhash presented it in December, 928. The passing of
this resolution was the success of Subhash himself. Found guilty in connection with a
trial, Subhash was arrested as soon as he reached Calcutta and sent to Alipore Jail.
Subhash was treated very badly in this jail.
12. Elected as Congress President
In 1938, the annual session of Congress was held in Haripura. In that session, Subhash
Chandra Bose was elected the President of the Congress. In his presidential speech,
Subhash had strongly criticized the British policy of ‘divide and rule’. He had indicated
that the British were trying to destroy the unity and integrity of India. He had clearly said
that Indians would not allow the integrity of their country to be destroyed. When
Subhash Chandra became the President of Congress, at that time Congress
governments were working in eight provinces of British India. Subhas had done
important work to make the efficient operation of those governments credible. In many
provinces, many differences had arisen between the Chief Minister and the ministers or
between other Congress leaders. Subhash had given evidence of his political acumen
in resolving those differences. Mahatma Gandhi was not satisfied with the functioning of
Subhash due to some reasons. Some differences had also arisen between Pandit
Jawaharlal Nehru and Subhash. Therefore, when Subhash’s name was presented
again for the post of President in the annual convention held in Tripura in 1939, with the
blessings of Mahatma Gandhi, Dr. Pattabhi Sitaramayya’s name was presented for the
post of President in comparison to Subhash. Left-wing Congress leaders were
supporting Subhash. When elections were held for the post of President, Mahatma
Gandhi’s candidate had to face defeat. This victory of Subhash had made him more
famous all over the country. But due to this victory, Mahatma Gandhi made many efforts
to overcome his differences, but he could not succeed in his objective. In such a
situation, Subhash did not want to work on the post of Congress President. Therefore,
on April 29, 1939, he resigned from the post of Congress President. This resignation of
his made him even more famous among ordinary Indians.
13. Formation of Forward Block and Expulsion from the Congress
Consequent upon Subhash’s resignation from the post of Congress President strong
bitterness spread in Bengal. On May 3, 1939, Forward in Calcutta Formed a party called
Forward Block. Thousands of youths from Bengal joined the Forward Block formed by
Bose. Describing it as a party, Subhash said that he wanted to make the freedom
movement more challenging and active. The objective of the formation of this party was
to provide strong leadership to all the Left organizations rooted in the Congress. That is
why he established the ‘Forward Block’ within the Congress, of which he himself was
the president. The foundation of this party was laid on some progressive, principles so
that the British rule could be challenged severely. On July 9, 1939, a session of the
Congress General Committee was held in Bombay. The Forward Block and its allies
decided to oppose it by observing this day as ‘Protest Day’. Congress took strict action
against those who opposed this convention. Replies were called from Subhash in this
regard. Not getting a satisfactory answer from him, the Congress not only removed
Subhash from the post of President of Bengal Congress Committee, but also
disqualified him from participating in the Congress elections for the next three years
from August, 1939.
14. Detention of Subhash & Free from Detention
The British government was already suspicious of Subhash’s activities and kept a close
watch on him, but when he cooperated with the forces Talking about it, Indian leaders
were also saddened by it. The Forward Block launched a vigorous anti-war Satyagraha
led by Subhash whereas the Congress was opposing it only legally. In July 1940,
Subhash was arrested and tried for sedition. The Forward Block had started the
‘Hallwell Memorial Removal’ movement in these days. This movement was being run to
remove the ‘Hallwell Memorial’ built as a symbol of British victory over the last ruler of
Bengal. That Is why Subhash and his associates were arrested. Later, the government
itself removed the monument and placed it in the museum in Calcutta and all his
associates except Subhash were released. Subhash remained in the Presidency Jail.
Subhash started the fast of death in jail. Due to his fast, he was released unconditionally
on December 5, 1940, but the British government did not want to increase their troubles
by leaving that lion open outside the cage. Therefore, he was placed under house arrest
at his residence at 38/2 Elgin Road and kept a tight guard on him. The eyes of the
detectives always kept their gaze on their movements. So Subhash, in consultation with
close friends, planned to escape in disguise. On the scheduled night of January 18,
1941, Subhash disguised as a cleric and a bird flew away by throwing dust in the eyes
of the soldiers. His nephew first took him to Dhanbad, from there he reached Delhi with
essential items. When a seat was reserved for him in the train from Delhi to Peshawar
in the name of Muhammad Ziauddin. After reaching Peshawar, Mia Akbar Shah took
him to a safe place. On January 27, 1941, Subhash reached Kabul with comrade
Bhagat Ram. By the time the secret of his escape was uncovered, he reached Italy via
the Soviet Union from Kabul. From Italy, he reached Germany in the first week of April
1941.
15. Second World War and Interview with Hitler
Subhash met Hitler on reaching Berlin, the capital of Germany. Subhash prepared a
long memorandum to give to the German government, in which he said that Germany,
Japan and Italy could get the support of the people of India if the Axis powers convinced
the Indians that their victory would certainly mean India. Will have freedom. Hitler was
greatly influenced by Subhash’s ideas and Hitler addressed him as ‘Fries Indische
Führer’ i.e. leader of Azad Hind. During these meetings, he told Hitler about his plans.
He wanted to establish a completely independent and free organization from German
interference in Germany for the independence of India, in this organization he planned
to include non-resident Indians. He also demanded the release of Indian prisoners and
permission to join the Indian organization. Hitler accepted all their demands and
assured them of cooperation in implementing the above plans.
16. Establishment of Azad Hind Sangh and Azad Hind Radio In October, 1941
Subhash Chandra called a convention of non-resident Indians in Berlin by the name of
Orlando Mazzota and called ‘Central Führer Indine’. Was established which was later
named ‘Asad Hind Sangh’. Germany had arranged finances for this union. At this time
Subhash Chandra Bose had declared himself to be called as ‘Neta ji’. An action plan
was drawn up to conduct the affairs of the Sangh. On 25 March 1942, Netaji started
Azad Hind Radio. Initially it was broadcast for 45 minutes and in Hindi. Later its
broadcast was increased to 3 hours 50 minutes and it started broadcasting in many
regional languages.
17. Leadership of Azad Hind Fauj
Rash Behari Bose of India The Indian Independence League was duly established in
Japan by It included 40,000 prisoners of war taken by the Japanese and announced all
kinds of aid and money. Rash Behari Bose played an important role in the formation of
this army. On September 1, 1942, the Indian National Army or Azad Hind Fauj was
formed and its command was entrusted to Captain Mohan Singh. After the arrest and
detention of Mohan Singh, Rash Behari Bose had decided to hand over its command to
Subhash Chandra Bose. On July 4, 1943, he handed over the command of Azad Hind
Fauj to the strong, efficient and capable hands of Subhash Chandra.
18. Formation of Interim Government
Netaji had formed the Interim Government on October 21, 1943 after talks with the
Japanese Prime Minister. Its headquarter was in Singapore. After this Subhash
presented the outline of the Azad Hind government. He himself became the Prime
Minister of this government. He also had the War and State Department. There were
also four other ministers in the cabinet. Captain Lakshmi Swaminathan, S.A. Iyer, Lt.
Col. ASO Chatterjee and A.M. Sahai On October 21, 1943, the Government of Japan
gave its recognition to this Interim Government. On 23 October 1943, Germany, Italy
and some other countries also recognized this government. On October 24, 1943, while
addressing a gathering of 50,000 Indians, Subhash said that this is a war which will
continue till India gets independence and will end only after independence. All the
people present in the meeting raised sky-breaking slogans – Inquilab Zindabad! Glory to
the leader! Let’s go to Delhi ! Let’s go to Delhi !
19. Declaration of War
All the preparations for the war were completed. Netaji also wanted to drive the British
out of India as soon as possible. Therefore, on 23 October 1943, a meeting of the
cabinet was called to discuss the declaration of war and in this meeting it was
unanimously decided to go to war. In the afternoon of October 24, 1943, he announced
that all should be ready to give their all in the war of independence. On 29 December
1943, Netaji went to Port Blair and prepared a strategy. On 4 February 1944, the 1 st
Brigade of the Azad Hind Fauj left for the battlefield. The first battle with the English
army took place in the Kaladan Valley. Within no time, the Azad Hind Fauj had
established its control over many areas. On March 18, 1944, the Azad Hind Fauj
entered the Indian border. After great difficulties captured Imphal (Assam), but the Azad
Hind Fauj could not advance beyond Imphal. They had run out of war material and food
items from behind. While fighting in Burma with the Japanese forces, the Azad Hind
Fauj stood at a point from which the path turned towards defeat, because the Japanese
army did not support the Azad Hind Fauj in the true sense and during the war many The
soldiers and officers had betrayed the Azad Hind Fauj. In May 1945, the British army
took control of Rangoon and confiscated all the property of the Provisional Hind
Government by imprisoning the soldiers and soldiers of the Azad Hind Fauj.
20. Netaji’s Plane Crash – By May 1945, the Allies of Italy and Germany had
surrendered after the fierce battle of Stalingrad. The defeat of Japan was also certain.
Despite this, Japan continued the war, but when the US dropped atomic bombs on the
Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on August 6 and August 9, 1945, the
Japanese army broke down and on August 10, Japan also surrendered. In such a
situation, Subhash decided to go to the Soviet Union. On 16 August Netaji came to
Bangkok and from there went to a place called Taipei in Taiwan. On 17 August, he
boarded a Japanese airplane with one of his companions, Habibur Rahman, from where
he was to go to the Soviet Union. Shortly after boarding the ship, the ship crashed and
he died on August 19, 1945. He was cremated at the Taipei Crematorium on August 20,
1945. According to Habibur Rahman, who Subhash told him at the last moment, “When
you go back, tell our countrymen that I fought till the end for the freedom of my country.
No power can keep our country a slave for a long time. Those struggles.” Keep it up.
India will be free soon.” His death remains an enigma to this day. The government of
independent India made many commissions of inquiry, but no truth has been received
regarding his death. Works :
(i) The Indian Struggle.
(ii) An Indian Pilgrim.

Political Thoughts of Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose

Subhas Chandra Bose was not only a political, philosophical and theoretical
thinker of India, but a practical leader, whose ideas were greatly influenced by Indian
scholars Vivekananda and Aurobindo Ghosh. At the same time, he was greatly
influenced by Hegel among foreign scholars. His political views are reflected in his book
‘The Indian Struggle’. He considered the world as his land of work and lived his life like
a karma yogi. His main political views are as follows –
1) Views regarding State Like the political thinkers, Subhash Chandra Bose first
presented his views regarding the state. He considered the state as a means and
the individual as an end. He was of the view that the state has come into
existence to fulfill the interests and needs of the individuals and he should make
efforts for it. Subhash thought that he had seen the working of the developed
western countries of France, Britain and America. Therefore, the political, social
and economic problems of independent India cannot be solved in a democratic
way, for that a state is needed which is based on authoritarianism, but it uses the
powers of the government not voluntarily but as the servants of the people. As he
was willing to arrange such a government or state in independent India, which
would serve the people and could solve the problems of education, industry,
defense etc. in his own way. This state of his will not be a state without violence,
nor will it be a form of violence based on Marx’s class struggle. Netaji was of the
view that his state can be established only according to the principles of
socialism.
2) Distinguished between Politics and Religion—Netaji Gandhi
Neither considers religion to be related to politics nor, like Marx, considered
religion as a whole. We do. He did not find it logical to combine political and
moral questions. That’s why he Criticizes G’s political ideas and methodology
and completely separates religion from politics. He did not like that moral
approach in relation to politics, which was presented at the theoretical level.
It Was done by Cicero and Green and the work of giving it a practical form was
done by Gokhale Gandhiji. He considered Political Science and Ethics as two
separate disciplines and supported keeping the two separate from each other.
But he did not believe in religion like Marxists. The communists were completely
opposed to religion. Subhash had supported a secular state, finding a way
between these two.

3. Opposing the Imperialism – Netaji had suffered a lot from the brunt of
imperialism. He wanted to free the country from the clutches of imperialism at
any cost. Giving a speech at the All India Anti-Compromise Conference on March
19, 1940, Subhash Chandra Bose had said, “The present era is the anti-
imperialist stage of our movement. Our main task in this era is to end imperialism
and achieve national independence for the Indian people.” Have to obtain.” He
considered imperialism and leftism as contradictory to each other and considered
the end of imperialism to be necessary for the establishment of left. He was of
the view that imperialism gives rise to exploitation, violence and inhuman
tendencies. He opposes the British rule on this basis because he was a strong
supporter of imperialism. He also met Hitler, Mussolini and Tao for the liberation
of India from imperialism. His move was heavily criticized by the Congress
leaders and he was also accused of being a fascist. Frank Moraes has written in
this subject that, “He (Subhash) believed that a patriot should not hesitate to
befriend even the devil for the welfare of the motherland.” Netaji did the same.

4. Views about Nationalism – Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose was a strong

supporter of militant nationalism in India and was a great nationalist leader.
Nationalism was not only a mental thought for him but a religion, his nationalism
was the result of his desire for freedom. Nationalism inspired him to struggle,
sacrifice and sacrifice. He used to say that for nation building, it is necessary to
have a non-bending idealism, not a philosophy that changes with time. His
eloquent and reasoned speeches had filled the spirit of dying for freedom among
the youth. He used to inspire the indian youth to keep fighting throughout his life
to eradicate injustice. As soon as he took the reins of the Azad Hind Fauj in his
hands, he gave a powerful speech to the captured Indian soldiers and instigated
the flames of rebellion in them. To understand the nationalist outlook of Netaji, it
is necessary to know the slogans given by him. To awaken the youth power of
India, he had given many slogans in which ‘You give me blood, I will give you
freedom’, ‘Success does not come to the cowards, but to the brave’, ‘Rukt-Rakta
ko raha raha’, ‘Delhi chalo’. The road to Delhi is the road to freedom. The above
slogans were inspired by the spirit of nationalism which had infused new
consciousness among the youth.

5. Views regarding Liberty – Netaji was a staunch worshiper and supporter of

freedom. He could not live under any foreign nation or authority under any
circumstances. The idea of his independence is estimated by leaving the job
after passing the ICS exam. In this regard, he has written that as soon as the
results of the ICS examination were declared, the question arose in my mind that
by staying in the job, I could be more useful for the country or would it be better
to leave the job for the country. Therefore, I decided that the service that can be
done by leaving a government job is very simple in comparison to the service
that can be done in a job. How can I accept the subjection of foreign rule? I
believe that the day I sign the undertaking of the job, the same day I will be
subjected. Subhas Chandra Bose’s thinking about independence is clear from
these sentences, which he said while giving a speech on Berlin Radio, “Even
after British propaganda, it must have been clear to all sensible Indians.
Imperialism and win national independence for the Indian People.”
1. “The Present age is the anti imperialist phase of our movement. Our main task
in this age is to end
-Subhash Chandra
Bose

That there is only one enemy of India in this vast world who has been sucking its
blood for centuries and that is the British Empire, I have been fighting for the
freedom of India throughout my life and till the last breath of my life, in the service
of mother-land and its interests. I will not hesitate to make the biggest sacrifice
for I only love the interests of India.” He considered independence as an injustice
and a great curse. That is why his name comes in the first line of freedom
fighters of India.

6. Views about Equality – Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose has supported the ideas
of equality along with freedom. He supports the principle of equality in his views
related to state and socialism. He did not discriminate against any person in the
society on the basis of caste, religion, language, culture. When he was educating
in Britain, British citizens and citizens of Asian descent were treated
discriminately on the basis of race by the British government. Indians were
looked down upon and their abilities were not believed. Along with this – in India
also the caste system had affected the mind of the common man. On the basis of
caste, distinction was made between Swarna and Dalits. The Dalits were uniting
and demanding separate constituencies for themselves along with opposing the
atrocities committed by the goldsmiths. Subhash urged the Golden Hindus to
treat their Dalit comrades equally and not to discriminate against them in any
way. He was of the view that until equality is not established in the society,
national spirit, nation building and freedom in the true sense cannot be enjoyed in
the country. Therefore equality has to be established.

7. Views Regarding Socialism – Socialist ideas had a great influence on Bose.

He considered his socialism to be different from Marxist and Gandhian socialism.
While giving a speech at the All India Conference held at Ramgarh on March 19,
1940, Subhash Chandra had said about his socialism which he named ‘Left’,
“What do we mean by Left, it will be necessary to say two words that The leftists
in the present state will be called those who will continue the struggle against the
empire without any compromise, those who stagger and hesitate in the struggle
against imperialism, they cannot be called leftists in any way. In the presidential
speech, he said, “I have no doubt that the effective solution of our problems
related to the eradication of poverty, illiteracy and disease and scientific
production and distribution can be achieved only by following the socialist path.”

Subhash has further written, “The state has to gradually socialize in both the
production and distribution areas through the system of agriculture and industry,
in consultation with the Planning Commission, in both production and distribution.
A comprehensive plan will have to be adopted.” Bose wanted to bridge the gap
between the rich and the poor through socialism. After attaining independence,
he considered the establishment of socialism as an urgent necessity, when the
country would get independence, then the country would be ready for socialism.

1. “A word is necessary here in order to explain what we mean by Leftism. In the

present phase of our movement, Leftists will be those who will wage an
emcompromising fight with imperialism. Those who waver and vacillate in
their struggle against imperialism those who tend towards and compromise
with it. Cannot by any means be leftists.
-Subhash

2. “I have no doubt in my mind that our chief national problems relating to the
eradication of poverty. Illiteracy and disease and to Scientific production and
distribution can be effectively tackled only along socialist lines.”

3. “The State on the advice of a Planning Commission, will have to adopt a

comprehensive scheme for gradually socializing our entire agriculture and
industrial system in both the spheres of production
-Subhash

To do so would require socialist propaganda. He considered socialism as the

only means to solve the then problems of India. 8. Faith in Political Realism –
Bose’s political theory

He had full faith in political belief in place. He refuted the theory of Maya in his
thoughts and accepted the reality of the world. He believed in the principle of
gradual development. Presenting three arguments in support of the notion of
progress, Subhash has written that – First by observing the natural world and
history, it appears that the world is going forward. From the second conscience
also it is known that we are moving towards progress. Apart from this, Bose has
also presented value classical logic. He is of the opinion that it is necessary to
believe in progress on biological and moral grounds. He was of the view that
India's problems will not be solved by mere words or principles, for this concrete
decisions will be required. The countrymen will have to struggle hard to get
political freedom and more struggle will have to be done to maintain that freedom
and will also have to bear heavy sacrifices and hardships. Being a political
realist, he did not appreciate Gandhiji’s moral idealism. He said emphatically that
Gandhiji’s language of humility and pleading is appropriate to an extent and not
more. Opposing the polite terminology used by Gandhiji in the Second Round
Table Conference in 1931, he wrote that those who were politically representing
their country should speak in the voice of political power. If he spoke in the
language of Stalin, Mussolini or Hitler, the British government would have
understood his point and respected his views.

9. Opposing Communism – Subhash was greatly influenced by the ideas of

Marx. But he did not consider communism to be a proper system of governance
for the conditions of India. He was of the view that communism was different from
the spirit of nationalism and wanted to inspire rebellion all over the world. On this
basis he opposes communism. He was opposed to Marx’s concept of class
struggle or the idea of class violence. Netaji wanted to end poverty, illiteracy and
class discrimination from India, but he had absolutely no faith in the economic
program presented by the communists. He was of the view that the problems of
the workers of Russia were different from the problems of the Indian peasants
which could not be solved by communism. Although Subhash also supported
violence in his views, but according to Marx’s ideas, he did not want To destroy
the other class by using violence. Whereas communists support the workers to
annihilate the capitalists. Bose is of the view that in communist rule, a class tries
to keep the common man under his tight control, which ends his political
freedom. Even in the pre-communist state, monarchical control was maintained
on the citizens and they did not have political rights and freedoms, while they are
considered to be strong supporters of political freedom. It is on the basis of the
above grounds that he opposes communism. He had accepted that world public
opinion is also needed for the attainment of Indian independence.

10. Support to Fascism – Bose was a political realist thinker. For this promotion
abroad is required. For this India will need its foreign friends. For this purpose, he
met the heads of government of countries like Germany, Japan, Italy, Soviet
Union etc. He had an emotional inclination towards the mighty means of the
fascist rulers. That is why he praised Mussolini and Hitler at many places in his
book. He was of the view that the next stage in the development of political
ideology in the world was the stage of amalgamation of fascism and communism.
This is what he considers real socialism. He was of the view that fascism
emphasizes the supremacy of the state, it has no faith in the British
parliamentary system, it believes in one party rule, this system is based on party
dictatorship and Believes in the suppression of minorities, as well as expresses
full faith in the planned industrial reorganization of the country. Netaji had
supported fascism on these grounds, but he was strongly opposed to fascism not
giving importance to individual freedom and limiting them because Subhash ji
was a strong supporter of personal freedom. He was accused by the Congress
leaders of being a fascist because of his support of some ideas of fascism which
Netaji did not accept. Netaji was a radical nationalist leader and for the
independence of India, he supports the violent movement with the help of foreign
powers, but he did not believe in the extremist theory of fascism.

11. Views regarding Religion—Bose may have supported socialism, but he had
full faith in religion. He was neither anti-religion like Marx nor did he consider
religion to be related to politics like Gandhiji. The main reason for the anti-religion
of the citizens of Soviet Russia was the Church’s hand on the Soviet Tsar rulers,
that is, the Tsar rulers had the full support of the Church. That is why the people
of Russia were anti-religious. He was of the view that the Indian people could not
sympathize with anti-religious and atheist communism, because the people in
this country did not have the same emotional animosity towards religion as the
Russians had towards the Tsarist rulers. Bose had complete faith in religion. His
mother used to recite the Gita to him every day and used to inspire him to act.
Subhash had adopted the principle of Karma of Gita in life and did not leave
religion under any circumstances.

12. Interpretation of History Subhash had explained history in his book The
Indian Struggle. He was of the view that first the history of India is one of the
most ancient histories of the world, secondly though India was ruled by many
castes and dynasties from outside in different times, but only with the advent of
British rule it was realized that We are subordinate. Those who say that British
rule established national unity and integrity in India forget that British rulers did
political unity with the aim of subjugating the country under their rule. National
unity is not the result of the British rule, but it is the result of the existing national
consciousness among the people, due to which people started feeling
themselves as slaves that our economic, cultural and political decline has been
possible due to this. After studying the history of India, Subhash had drawn the
following conclusions:

(i) There have been days of continuous ups and downs in India, mainly due
to physical and intellectual laziness.
(ii) It is because of the youth of India that every change has taken place in the
society, due to this change the performance of the intelligentsia and the
military class has improved.

(iii) India has been ruled by foreign powers for centuries and they have
assimilated it, but they are not getting comfortable with British rule
because British rule has taken away people from real freedom.

(iv) Our ancestors of India made a mistake in understanding the character of

the British rulers and tried to rectify this mistake.

(v) The British rulers first made the indigenous rulers, then the zamindars
their hangers and later tried to provide their protection to the Muslims and
Dalits also.

(vi) Taking advantage of the caste system of India, the youth of the British
Depressed Classes represented the Dalit society.

(vii) He respected non-violence as a means but powerful foreign rule cannot be

defeated by non-violence alone. Therefore, violence may also be required to
remove British rule.In this way Subhash tried to interpret Indian history in his own
way and to discredit the interpretation of Indian history to the British rulers.

13. Opposing non-violence – Subhash Chandra Bose was a realistic politician,

he was not a dictator like Hitler, Mussolini etc., but he supported the principle of
violence used by them. Although he had great respect for Gandhiji and had also
accepted the ‘Non-cooperation Movement’, he did not accept the complete non-
violence ideology. He did not consider non-violent means sufficient to overthrow
the then British system of governance. Subhash is of the opinion that, "The youth
of the country believes that the foreign administration can be stalled by non-
violence, but to remove the foreign rule, non-violence will not work, now people
have turned to violence. They are burning police stations, post offices,
government offices. They are tearing down wire poles and railway tracks. But
now they are unarmed. The day is not far when this blockade will turn into armed
revolution and whenever it happens British rule. The end will come.” He was of
the opinion that whatever means can be used to achieve the independence of
the country, all are appropriate. By forming the Azad Hind Fauj, he started the
war for the independence of the country on a violent basis. Where the Mahatma
Gandhi wanted to achieve independence by non-violent means by freeing the
country from British imperial power while on the other hand Subhash wanted to
expel the British from the country by using military power.Similar order was given
by Subhash to his soldiers. The element of violence in the famous slogan used
by you give me blood, I will give you freedom. There was It is clear that he
wanted to get freedom through the use of violent means.

14. Views Regarding Nation Building – Subhash was a realistic politician. His
thought was that in some time Indians would get freedom and after attaining
independence, we have to do the work of nation building. In the work of nation
building, we will have to bear a lot of hardships and for this we will have to
sacrifice our whole body, mind and wealth. He presented the statement of
Vivekananda that there can be no realization without sacrifice. He had a firm
belief that in order to achieve political freedom, he would have to suffer a lot. This
requires great moral preparations. He said that eradication of poverty and
illiteracy would be the main task of nation building. He supported the abolition of
zamindari system and ending the indebtedness of the farmers and the provision
of cheap credit in rural areas. He had full faith in the spread of the cooperative
movement. He was in favor of adopting scientific methods in agriculture. He
proposed that under state ownership and state control, he had supported the
preparation of a comprehensive plan for industrial development. In the words of
Subhash, “We have to adopt the socialist method and it will be the duty of the
state to solve these economic problems, modernize agriculture and industrialize
the country. No matter how many countries we can see and read the experience
of solving their problems, But we have to solve our problems in our own way.” To
solve Indian problems, every Indian should be literate. Will try to make By
studying the related ideas, we can easily estimate that how many views
regarding democracy in Subhash’s democracy .

15. Views Regarding Democracy – Fascism and Socialism of Subhash

1. “The younger generation in India has however brought from the Last 20 years
experience that while passive resistance can hold up or paralyse a foreign
administration, it cannot overthrow or expel it without the use of resistance-
using force in many ways to overthrow the British Yoke. The last stage will
come the end of British physical force. Impelled by this experience the people
today are spontaneously passing on from passive to active – Subhash Rule in
India.”

2. “We have to solve our problems in an Indian way and under Indian conditions.
Therefore the system we shall ultimately set-up will be an Indian system to
suit the Indian people.”

There was faith. He does not believe in the democracy and democratic
institutions prevalent in Britain, France, America. He had no faith in parliamentary
system of government and multi-party system like countries like Germany, Italy
etc. He believed in the one party system and the rule of its leader. For this
purpose, he founded a party called Forward Bloc. He believed in a one-party
discipline in which governance would be carried out according to military rules.
He was of the view that the problems of independent India could not be solved
democratically. For this a state will be needed which is based on totalitarianism
instead of democracy. He supported the introduction of authoritarian government
system for some time in place of democracy in independent India. That is why
they are also called fascists.

16. Gandhi and Gandhism – In the beginning, Subhash was a staunch supporter
and follower of Gandhiji. He believed that it was due to the huge personality of
Gandhiji that he was successful in awakening the Indian public completely and
provided a firm base to the Congress. He was greatly influenced by Gandhiji’s
truthfulness, satyagraha, excellence of character and his extraordinary will
power. He called Mahatma Gandhi the father of the nation and sought his
blessings to achieve success in the freedom struggle. But his approach to the
principles propounded by Gandhiji was critical. He had supported the non-
cooperation movement but criticized it for giving more importance to the use of
non-violent means only. He did not accept the extreme moral principles used by
Gandhiji. He also considered Gandhiji’s political bargaining tendency to be weak.
He was of the view that power must be used here, but he opposed Gandhi’s
humility and non-violence being an idol. He used to oppose Gandhiji’s idea of the
system of Swaraj under British rule itself. On the contrary, he supported the
demand for complete independence. Subhash was of the view that freedom
cannot be attained only by the voice of a blank soul, so he also supports the use
of power. He was of the opinion that freedom can be attained by following the
path of deceit, deceit, Maya, delusion, indifference and duality and power. Due to
the above ideas, he was considered an opponent of Gandhism. Gandhiji was
also angry with Subhash’s style of functioning because of Subhash’s close
proximity to the fascist leaders.

17. Views Regarding Political System : Regarding the political system, Subhash ji
was of the opinion that by synthesizing all the political systems existing in the
world, we will make our political system. He was of the view that there are some
good things about fascism, communist and democratic systems and we can
adopt these good things together in our system. It would be foolish to say that
there is one method that is the best. So the good things of conflicting methods
will be accepted.’ Such a political system will be adopted for India which will also
be progressive and will meet our social needs and national hopes. Subhash said
that our political philosophy would be a synthesis of National Socialism and
Communism.” He accepted the system of governance resulting from a mixture of
Marxism and Gandhism as his political system which he names socialism.
Emphasis will be given on one national leader and one program, while it will also
give prominence to individual freedom and rights.

18. Views about Dialectism – Hegel’s ideas had a great influence on Bose’s
political views. He was greatly influenced by Hegel’s dialectical ideas. He
accepted it by making some modifications in his views. In his words Hegel’s
Theory of Dialectical Development Logic-Classical
1. “Use in India will like to work out a synthesis of the rival systems and try to
embody the good point of both.
-Subhash

2. “Our political philosophy should be a synthesis between national socialism and

communism.”
-Subhash

It is more appropriate in both the areas of perception and expression in the

country. In the words of Bose, “But there is no doubt that Hegel’s theory is
closest to the truth. He gives a more satisfactory explanation of facts than any
other theory.” Bose is of the view that with time the ideas become old and in
place of those old ideas new ideas are born. Similarly, in place of old systems of
governance, new systems of governance are born. After some time these new
methods also become obsolete and are replaced by new methods.

19. Views about National Unity – Bose had given great importance to the ideas of
national unity in his political thoughts. He accepts the importance of national unity
to strengthen the nation, he wanted both Hindus and Muslims to oppose the
British rule together so that the British would be forced to leave India and go out.
He strongly opposes such individuals and organizations which were working to
damage the unity and integrity of the country and his efforts will strengthen the
British rule. He was completely untouched by the narrow spirit of communalism.
The Azad Hind Fauj formed under his leadership included people of all religions.
The goal of national independence was before him and there was no place for
the narrow sense of communalism. He always condemned the communal
policies and divisive actions of the British. He had strongly criticized those who
divided on the basis of religion and caste as they were threatening the national
unity. In 1940, when the Muslim League had demanded the creation of a
separate Muslim nation, whose basis was religion, Subhash strongly opposed his
demand.

20. Political and Social Struggle Together – Bose is of the view that political
independence of the country is an essential necessity, however, he understood
that the struggle for social freedom also together- Have to drive along He was of
the view that the internal social struggle between the landlords and the peasants,
the capitalists and the workers, the rich and the poor could not be postponed.
Subhash was in favor of running political struggle and social struggle together
and he believed that the party which will get political freedom for India, the same
party will also bring social and economic freedom to the people of the country.
Along with political freedom, efforts will be made to remove the existing economic
inequality, caste-discrimination, bigotry or communalization etc. That is why he
had decided to run the political and social struggle together.

Conclusion – After studying the above-mentioned ideas of Subhas Chandra

Bose, we come to the conclusion that Bose was a strong leader and a staunch
supporter of nationalism. Patriotism was the essence of his personality and the
highest expression of his soul. He boldly supported nationalism in his activities, in
which although he supported fascism and socialism, he also gave prominence to
the ideas of personal freedom. He neither criticized religion like Marx nor
considered religion as an integral part of politics, like Gandhiji. He also did not
abstain from the use of violent means of imperialism. For this he had endured
many hardships and strongly opposed it. He believed in political realism, through
his effective leadership and great functional talent for the attainment of
independence, he helped to popularize the ideal of paramountcy of the nation in
a country which was dominated by generalism, priesthood and autocratic
imperialism. He was a pure nationalist, who had struggled throughout his life by
making the country’s independence the aim of his life. Although he supported the
full adoption of Fascism, he does not support the complete adoption of Fascism.
He considered the state as a means to fulfill the objectives of the individual.

Came into existence for Although he was not a fundamentalist, yet modern
Indian political thought They have an important place.

VIEWS ABOUT SOCIALISM OF NETA JI SUBHASH CHANDRA BOSE

The concept of socialism developed in the 19 th century due to the ill effects of
individualism. Socialism is an ideology which is in favor of freeing the means of
production and distribution from private ownership and bringing them under the
ownership of the entire society and supports entrusting maximum welfare work to
the state for the all-round development of the individuals. After the Soviet
Revolution (1917) in the early 20 th century, socialism had an increasingly large
impact and influenced Indian leaders as well. Among such leaders, the names of
Ram Manohar Lohia, Pt. Nehru, Dr. Narendra Dev, Manvendra Nath Rai, Vinoba
Bhave, Jai Prakash Narayan and Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose are notable.
These leaders not only adopted the ideology of socialism but also made changes
in it as per the need. That is why Prof. Jod is of the view that, “Socialism is like a
hat which has lost its form because everyone wants to wear it.” At the same time,
most of the youth of India preferred to call themselves socialists or comrades.
Inspired by this, Subhash Chandra preferred to call himself socialists or leftists.
Meaning of Socialism or Leftist – Ramgarh on March 19, 1940

Giving a speech at the All India Conference held in India, Subhash Chandra
expressed his socialism which he named ‘Left’.

Dete said, “What do we mean by Left, it will be necessary to say two words, that
the present

In this stage the Left will be called those who will continue the struggle against
the Empire without any compromise.

Those who waver and hesitate in the struggle against imperialism cannot be
called leftists in any way.

Could. In his presidential speech on the occasion of 12 Haripura Congress, he

said, “I have no doubt that the effective solution of our problems related to the
eradication of poverty, illiteracy and disease and scientific production and
distribution can be achieved only by following the socialist path.” Is 3

Aims or Objectives of Socialism – The following objectives of socialism were

stated by Subhash Chandra Bose (i) would support the interests of farmers and
workers, not landlords, capitalists and moneylenders,

(ii) It will work for the complete political and economic emancipation of the Indian
people.

(iii) He would support federal rule as the ultimate objective, and would for some
years believe in a strong central government with authoritarian powers, (iv) the
agricultural and industrial life of the country would be restructured, (v) new
currency Efforts will be made to establish the system,

1. “Socialism is like a hat that has lost its shape because everybody wears it”.
-Subhash
2. “A word is necessary here in order to explain what we mean by leftism. In the
present phase of our movement, leftists will be those who will wage an
uncompromising fight with imperialism. Those who waier and compromise
with it cannot be by any means leftists.”
-Subhash
3. "I have no doubt in my mind that our chief national problems relating to the
eradication of poverty illiteracy and disease and to scientific production and
distribution can be effectively to child only along socialist lives."
-Subhash
 (vi) Efforts will be made to abolish the zamindari system and to have a uniform
land system.
(vii) Believe in the rule of a powerful party in the country which will be
governed by military discipline.
(viii) endeavor to organize the extremist organizations under a national
executive.
(ix) Efforts will be made to get the cooperation of the world community for the
Indian independence movement.
(x) Mentioned the poverty, disease, hunger and illiteracy prevalent in the
country and for the progress of the country these problems have to be
resolved.

FEATURES OF SOCIALISM

1)The following features of the concept of socialism propounded by Netaji

Subhash Chandra Bose are manifested. They will not be allowed to assemble in
one hand and they will be socialized so that economic inequality can be
eliminated from the society. He wrote that, “The state, in consultation with the
Planning Commission, has to gradually socialize in both the production and
distribution areas of the system of agriculture and industry, with a broader scope
for gradual socialization in both the production and distribution areas of the
system of agriculture and industry.” The plan has to be followed.” Bose wanted to
bridge the gap between the rich and the poor through socialism. After attaining
independence, he considered the establishment of socialism as an urgent
necessity. When the country gets independence, socialist propaganda will be
required to prepare the country for socialism. He considered socialism as the
only means to solve the then problems of India.
2)Proposal of Planning Commission – Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose wanted to
set up a Planning Commission to solve various problems existing in India. He
was of the view that free India would be severely short of resources because
British imperialists had exploited India more and more. Therefore, India should
prepare the way for India’s development by using its limited resources. For this it
is necessary that a planned program is prepared and for that an autonomous
body will work to prepare and estimate plans for the country. He gives it the
name of Planning Commission. According to Netaji, “The state will have to follow
a comprehensive plan to gradually socialize our entire agricultural and industrial
system in the field of production and self-autonomy, on the advice of a Planning
Commission.” He had seen the experience of planning in the Soviet Union and
strongly supported its part implementation.
3) Faith in Single Party System – Subhash Chandra Bose was greatly influenced by
the one-party system of communist governance and fascist governance. Their
idea and they can be implemented. He saw with his own eyes the developmental
 work done during the regime of the Fascist system of Italy and the Nazi system
of Germany, which was one that was in the hands of one party, long policies and
programs could be made. And praised him. He believed In binding instruments
rather than constitutional means of political parties. In this, he was in favor of
spreading it all over India by involving more and more youth power. In order to
give a concrete shape to his political program, Subhash Chandra Bose left the
Congress party in 1940.
4) A political party called Forward Block was formed, this organization was formed
with the aim of opposing imperialism. He had invited more and more youth to join
this group and many branches of it were also opened in many parts of the
country. In January 1941
Bose announced the following program of this group
(i) Continuing the struggle against imperialism,
(ii) To make India a full-fledged socialist state,
(iii) to renovate the country on a scientific level,
(iii) To establish control of the state over the means of production and
distribution,
(iv) Providing complete religious freedom to individuals, (vi) Providing equal
rights to every person.

5) Opposing the Imperialism – Netaji had suffered a lot for the country of
imperialism. He wanted to free the country from the clutches of imperialism at
any cost. Giving a speech at the All India Anti-Compromise Conference on March
19, 1940, Subhash Chandra Bose had said, “The present era is the anti-
imperialist stage of our movement, our main task in this era is to end imperialism
and achieve national independence for the Indian people.” He considered
imperialism and the Left as contradictory to each other and considered the end of
imperialism to be necessary for the establishment of the Left. He was of the view
that imperialism gives rise to exploitation, violence and human tendencies. He
opposes the British rule on this basis because he was a strong supporter of
imperialism. He also met Hitler, Mussolini and Tao for the liberation of India from
imperialism. His move was heavily criticized by the Congress leaders and he was
also accused of being a fascist. Frank Moraes has written in this subject that, “He
(Subhash) believed that a patriot should not hesitate to befriend even the devil
for the welfare of the motherland.” Netaji did the same.

6) Opposing Communism – Subhash was greatly influenced by the ideas of Marx.

But he did not consider communism to be a proper system of governance for the
conditions of India. His view was that communism was different from the spirit of
nationalism and wanted to inspire rebellion all over the world. On this basis he
opposes communism. He was opposed to Marx’s concept of class struggle or the
 idea of class violence. Netaji wanted to end poverty, illiteracy and class
discrimination from India, but he had absolutely no faith in the economic program
presented by the communists. He was of the view that the problems of the
workers of Russia were different from the problems of the Indian peasants which
could not be solved by communism. Although Subhash also supported violence
in his views, but according to Marx’s ideas, he did not want to destroy the other
class by using violence. Whereas communists support the workers to annihilate
the capitalists. Bose is of the view that in communist rule, a class tries to keep
the common man under his tight control, which ends his political freedom. Even
in the pre-communist state, monarchical control was maintained over the citizens
and they did not have political rights and freedoms. While he is considered a
strong supporter of political freedom. It is on the basis of the above grounds that
he opposes communism.

7) Views regarding Religion – Though Bose supported socialism, but he had full
faith in religion. He was neither anti-religion like Marx nor did he consider religion
to be related to politics like Gandhiji. Our main task in this age is to end

1. “The present age is the anti imperialist phase of our movement.

Imperialism and win national independence for the Indian people.”
-Subhash Chander Base
The Church had a hand on the Tsar rulers, that is, the Tsar rulers had the full
support of the Church. Therefore, the people of Russia cannot sympathize with
anti-religious and atheist communism, because the people in this country do not
have the same emotional animosity towards religion as the Russians had
towards the Tsarist rulers. Bose had complete faith in religion. His mother used
to recite the Gita to him every day and used to inspire him to act. Subhash ji had
adopted the principle of Karma of Gita in life and did not leave religion in any
situation.

8) Views Regarding Nation Building – Subhash was a realistic politician. His thought
was that in some time Indians would get freedom and after attaining
independence, we have to do the work of nation building. In the work of nation
building, we will have to bear a lot of hardships and for this we will have to
sacrifice our whole body, mind and wealth. He presented the statement of
Vivekananda that there can be no realization without sacrifice. He had a firm
belief that in order to achieve political freedom, he would have to suffer a lot. This
requires great moral preparations. He said that eradication of poverty and
illiteracy would be the main task of nation building. He supported the abolition of
zamindari system and ending the indebtedness of the farmers and the provision
of cheap credit in rural areas. He had full faith in the spread of cooperative
 movement. He was in favor of adopting scientific methods in agriculture. He
proposed that under state ownership and state control, he had supported the
preparation of a comprehensive plan for industrial development. In the words of
Subhash ji, “We have to adopt the socialist method and it will be the duty of the
state to solve these economic problems, modernize agriculture and industrialize
the country. We can read the experience of any number of countries to solve
their problems. But we have to solve our problems on our own way.” Efforts will
be made to make every Indian literate to solve Indian problems.

9) Views Regarding Democracy By studying Subhash’s ideas related to fascism

and socialism, we can easily guess how much faith Subhash had in democracy.
He does not believe in the democracy and democratic institutions prevalent in
Britain, France, America. He had no faith in the parliamentary system of
government and multi-party system like countries like Germany, Italy etc. He
believed in the one party system and the rule of its leader. For this purpose, he
founded a party called Forward Bloc. He believed in a one-party discipline in
which governance would be carried out according to military rules. He was of the
view that the problems of free India could not be solved in a democratic way, for
this a state would be needed which was based on totalitarianism instead of
democracy. He supported the introduction of authoritarian government system for
some time in place of democracy in independent India. That is why they are also
called fascists.

After attaining the post of Congress President, a meeting of Chief Ministers of all
Congress provinces was called by Bose and 1. Resolution for National
Development Plan – In 1938, they were inspired to develop domestic and cottage
industries in their respective provinces. He was of the view that small industries
and big industries should be planned in such a way that both develop equally. He
clarified the nature of the five-point national plan, which is described as follows –

(i) Become a partner part of world industry. Basics related to electricity

supply, metal production, tools, construction, transport and
communication equipment

Develop industries. 1. “We have to solve our problems in an Indian way and
under Indian conditions. Therefore the system we (iii) pay attention to industrial
education and training. Shall ultimately set-up will be an Indian system to suit the
Indian people
-Subhash
(iv) A permanent research council should be established in the country.
(v) Survey of existing industries should be done before implementing this national
plan. Jawaharlal Nehru was the chairman of this National Planning Committee.
During this, cordial relations were maintained between the Chairman and the
 members of the Working Committee. His administrative ability had surprised the
whole world.

10)Views regarding Political System : • In relation to the political system, Subhash

thought that by synthesising all the political systems existing in the world, we will
make our political system. He was of the view that there are some good things
about fascism, communist and democratic systems and we can adopt these
good things together in our system. It would be foolish to say that there is one
method that is the best. Therefore, the good things of conflicting systems will be
accepted.” Such a political system will be adopted for India which will also be
progressive and will meet our social needs and national hopes. Subhash said
that “our political philosophy would be a synthesis of National Socialism and
Communism.”2 He accepted the system of governance resulting from a mixture
of Marxism and Gandhism as his political system which he names socialism.
Emphasis will be given on one party system, one national leader and one
programme, while giving prominence to individual liberty and rights.

11)Views regarding State – Like the political thinkers, Subhash Chandra Bose had
first presented his views regarding the state. He considered the state as a means
and the individual as an end. He was of the view that the state has come into
existence to fulfill the interests and needs of the individual and he should make
efforts for it. Subhash was of the view that he has seen the working of developed
western countries France, Britain and America, so the political, social and
economic problems of independent India cannot be solved in a democratic way,
for that a state is needed which is authoritarian. ), but he should use the powers
of the government not voluntarily but as a servant of the people. He was keen to
have such a government or a state in free India which would serve the people
and could solve the problems of education, industry, defense etc. in his own way.
This state of his will not be a state without violence, nor will it be a form of
violence based on Marx’s class struggle. Netaji was of the view that his state can
be established only according to the principles of socialism.

12)Views regarding Liberty Netaji was a staunch worshiper and supporter of

freedom. He could not live under any foreign nation or authority under any
circumstances. His idea of independence is estimated by leaving the job after
passing the ICS examination. In this regard, he has written that as soon as the
results of the ICS examination were declared, the question arose in my mind that
by staying in the job, I could do more work for the country or would it be better to
leave the job for the country. Therefore, I have decided that the service that can
be done by leaving a government job is more simple than the service that can be
done in a job. How can I accept the subjection of foreign rule. I believe that the
day I sign the undertaking of the job, the same day I will be subjected. Subhas
Chandra Bose’s thinking about freedom is clear from his sentences, which he
called Berlin Radio

1. “We in India will like to work out a synthesis of the rival system and try to
embody the good point of both
2. “Our political philosophy should be a synthesis between national socialism
and communism”.
That there is only one enemy of India in this vast world who has been sucking its
blood for centuries and that is the British Empire, I have been fighting for the
freedom of India throughout my life and till the last breath of my life, in the service
of mother-land and its interests. I will not hesitate to make the biggest sacrifice
for I only love the interests of India.” He considered independence as an injustice
and a great curse. That is why his name comes in the first line of freedom
fighters of India.

13. Views about Equality – Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose has supported the
ideas of equality along with freedom. He supports the principle of equality in his
views related to state and socialism. He did not discriminate against any person
in the society on the basis of caste, religion, language, culture. When he was
educating in Britain, British citizens • and citizens of Asian origin were treated
discriminatory on the basis of race by the government. Indians were looked down
upon and their abilities were not believed. Along with this, the caste system in
India had affected the mind and heart of the common man. On the basis of caste,
distinction was made between Swarna and Dalits. The Dalits were uniting and
demanding separate constituencies for themselves along with opposing the
atrocities being committed by the upper castes. Subhash ji had urged the Golden
Hindus to treat their Dalit comrades equally and not to discriminate against them
in any way. He was of the view that until equality is not established in the society,
national spirit, nation building and freedom in the true sense cannot be enjoyed in
the country. Therefore equality has to be established.

14. Political and Social Struggle Together Bose is of the view that the political
freedom of the country is an essential necessity, however he also understood
that the struggle for social freedom also accompanied- Have to drive along He
was of the view that the internal social struggle between the landlords and the
peasants, the capitalists and the workers, the rich and the poor could not be
postponed. Subhash was in favor of running political struggle and social struggle
together and he believed that the party which will get political freedom for India,
the same party will also bring social and economic freedom to the people of the
country. Along with political freedom, efforts will be made to remove the existing
economic inequality, caste discrimination, bigotry or communalization etc. That is
why he had decided to run the political and social struggle together.
Conclusion After studying the above-mentioned socialist ideas of Subhas
Chandra Bose, we come to the conclusion that Bose was a staunch supporter of
socialism. Patriotism was the essence of his personality and the highest
expression of his soul. He supported socialism along with boldness in his
activities, but had also given prominence to the ideas of personal freedom. He
also did not abstain from the use of violent means of imperialism. For this he had
endured many hardships and strongly opposed it. He believed in political realism,
made many prison visits to attain freedom. Although he did not make any
contribution to the theoretical analysis of nationalism, yet through his effective
leadership and great functional talent he helped to popularize the ideal of the
supremacy of the nation in a country dominated by feudalism, priesthood and
autocratic imperialism. . He was a pure socialist who had struggled throughout
his life by making service of the country the aim of his.

Was Subhash Chandra Bose a Fascist?

(WAS SUBHASH CHANDRA BOSE AN FASCIST?)

• Fascist ideology is also a major ideology among the ideologies that greatly
influenced the world at the beginning of the 20 th century. After the First World
War, Mussolini changed the nature of the country as soon as he took power. It
had a great impact on young Subhash. Therefore, he also started incorporating
fascist ideas in his thoughts and speeches, due to which he was accused of
being fascist. The main points of charge with the Congress leaders were –
Fascism, Communal, Minority, Anti-Dalit etc. Happening. In 1934-35, Bose wrote
in his book 'The Indian Struggle’ that Mussolini was a person who had a special
significance in the politics of modern Europe. Gandhiji also met Mussolini in 1931
while returning from the Second Round Table Conference. This incident was
highly appreciated by young Subhash. Bose wrote in this regard that, “Gandhi
who has done great public service by traveling to Italy. It is a pity that he did not
stay there any more and did not make much personal contact.”

Bose was a political realist thinker. He had accepted that world public opinion is
also needed for the attainment of Indian independence. This requires promotion
abroad. For this India will need its foreign friends. For this purpose, he met the
heads of government of countries like Germany, Japan, Italy, Soviet Union etc.
He had an emotional inclination towards the mighty means of the fascist rulers.
That is why he praised Mussolini and Hitler at many places in his book. He was
of the view that the next stage in the development of political ideology in the
world was the stage of amalgamation of fascism and communism. He considers
this to be real socialism. Before studying the ideas inspired by Bose’s fascism, it
will be necessary to know about the meaning of fascism.
Meaning of Fascism – Fascism is the Hindi translation of the English language
word Fascism. Fascism is derived from the Latin word fascio which simply means
a bundle of wood. Therefore, the meaning of fascism is that just as the sticks can
be made strong by tying them in a bundle, in the same way if individuals are tied
in the form of unity, then with the help of a powerful society, the foundation of a
powerful nation was laid in France. Subhash was also greatly influenced by these
ideas of fascism.

Defining or describing fascism, Subhash Chandra Bose has written that the real
meaning of fascism is that nationality which opposes the great communism that
feeds human beings like animals by giving them only the facilities of bread,
clothes and houses etc. . This is true nationalism. The one who is communism is
like a shepherd of sheep and the one who is fascist is the true nationalist. In fact,
fascism has been misinterpreted because some dictators like Hitler, Mussolini,
Kamalpasha etc. used this ideology for their vested interests. That is why this
ideology did not get much recognition in the world.
“The Mahatma rendered great public service by his visit to Italy. The only regret
is that he did not stay there Longer and did not cultivate more personal contacts.”
-Subbash

Neta JI’s VIEWS ABOUT FASCISM

Netaji was a militant nationalist and believed in using violent methods for the
independence of the country. For this purpose, he formed the Azad Hind Fauj.
Although there were violent revolutionary movements in many countries of the
world, but those movements and their leaders are not called fascists, but there
are many reasons behind why Subhash Chandra Bose is called a fascist. “Bose’s
violent struggle is called fascist because he took armed help from the fascist
powers of Europe and Asia. He assumed the title of leader, which is a Sanskrit
and Hindi synonym of the German word ‘Fuhrer’. This title in itself There was no
special significance of adopting it." He considered non-violence and humility to
be justified to a certain extent in achieving independence at the political level.
Being a realist, he was ready to follow the harsh and violent path. He was
probably called a fascist because of his tough stand and realistic outlook. The
following views are given regarding his being fascist –
1)Support to Fascism – Bose was a political realist thinker. He had accepted that
world public opinion is also needed for the attainment of Indian independence.
This requires promotion abroad. For this India will need its foreign friends. For
this purpose, he met the heads of government of countries like Germany, Japan,
Italy, Soviet Union etc. He had an emotional inclination towards the mighty
means of the fascist rulers. That is why he praised Mussolini and Hitler at many
places in his book. He was of the view that the next stage in the development of
political ideology in the world was the stage of amalgamation of fascism and
communism. This is what he considers real socialism. He was of the view that
fascism emphasized the supremacy of the state, had no faith in the British
parliamentary system, believed in one-party rule, believed in party dictatorship
and suppression of minorities, as well as Also expresses full faith in the planned
industrial reorganization of the country. Netaji had supported fascism on these
grounds, but he was strongly opposed to fascism not giving importance to
individual freedom and limiting them because Subhash ji was a strong supporter
of personal freedom. He was accused by the Congress leaders of being a fascist
because of his support of some ideas of fascism which Netaji did not accept.
Netaji was a radical nationalist leader and for the independence of India, he
supports the violent movement with the help of foreign powers, but he did not
believe in the extremist theory of fascism.
2)Views regarding Powerful and Superior State – Like the political thinkers,
Subhash Chandra Bose had first presented his ideas related to the state.
Although he considered the state as a means and the individual as an end and
he thought that the state has come into existence to fulfill the interests and needs
of the individual and he should make efforts for it. Yet Subhash thought that he
had seen the working of the developed western countries of France, Britain and
America. Therefore, the political, social and economic problems of independent
India cannot be solved in a democratic way, for that a state is needed which is
based on authoritarianism, but it uses the powers of the government not
voluntarily but as the servants of the people. Do as. He was keen to have a
government or a state in free India that would serve the people And Asia. The
adoption of the title ‘Neta’, which is a sanskrit and also Hindi rendering of the
German term.
1. “Bose’s violent struggle appeared fascistic, because he took armed help from
the fascist powers of Europe Fuhrer’ in itself is not very significant.”
-Subhash Chandra Bose

Relief would not be a state, nor would it be a form of violence based on Marx’s
class struggle. Netaji was of the view that his state can be established only
according to the principles of socialism. It did not seem logical to coordinate it.
That is why he criticizes Gandhiji’s political ideas and methodology and
completely separates religion from politics. He did not like the moral approach in
relation to politics which was propounded on the theoretical level by Plato, Cicero
and Green and the work of giving it a practical form was done by Gokhale and
Gandhiji. He considered Political Science and Ethics as two separate disciplines
and supported keeping the two separate from each other. But he did not believe
in religion like Marxists. The communists were completely opposed to religion.
Subhash ji had supported a secular state, finding a way between these two.

3. Opposing the Imperialism – Netaji had suffered a lot from the brunt of
imperialism, he wanted to free the country from the clutches of imperialism at
 any cost. Giving a speech at the All India Anti-Compromise Conference on
March 19, 1940, Subhash Chandra Bose had said, “The present era is the
anti-imperialist stage of our movement. Our main task in this era is to put an
end to imperialism and to achieve national independence for the Indian
people.” He considered imperialism and the Left as contradictory to each
other and considered the end of imperialism necessary for the establishment
of the Left. Was that imperialism gives rise to exploitation, violence and
inhuman tendencies. He opposes British rule on this basis because he was a
strong supporter of imperialism. He also met Hitler, Mussolini and Tata for the
liberation of India from imperialism. His move was heavily criticized by
Congress leaders and he was also accused of being a fascist. Frank Moraes
wrote in this regard that, “He (Subhash) believed that a patriot One should not
hesitate to befriend even the devil for the welfare of the homeland.” Netaji did
the same.

4. Faith in Political Realism – Bose had full faith in political belief instead of
political theory. He refuted the theory of Maya in his thoughts and accepted
the reality of the world. He believed in the principle of gradual development.
Presenting three arguments in support of the notion of progress, Subhash has
written that- First: By observing the natural world and history, it appears that
the world is going forward. Secondly, it is known from the conscience that we
are moving towards progress. Apart from this, Bose has also presented value
classical logic. He is of the opinion that it is necessary to believe in progress
on biological and moral grounds. He was of the view that India’s problems will
not be solved by mere words or principles, for this concrete decisions will be
required. The countrymen will have to struggle hard to get political freedom
and more struggle will have to be done to maintain that freedom and will also
have to bear heavy sacrifices and hardships. The language of the political
realist that of humility and of pleading is justified to an extent And not more. In
1931, opposing the polite rhetoric used by Gandhi in the Second Round Table
Conference, he wrote that those who were politically representing their
country should speak in the voice of political power. If he spoke in the
language of Stalin, Mussolini or Hitler, the British government would have
understood his point and respected his views.

5. Opposing Marxism – Subhash ji was greatly influenced by the ideas of Marx.

But he did not consider Marxism as the proper form of governance for the
conditions of India. He was of the view that Marxism was different from the
spirit of nationalism and wanted to inspire rebellion all over the world. On this
basis he opposes communism. It is Marx’s notion of class struggle or the idea
of class violence. Was opposed to. Netaji wanted to eliminate poverty,
illiteracy and class discrimination from India, but he did not believe in the
economic program presented by the communists. Can not be done . Although
 Subhash also supported violence in his views, but according to Marx’s ideas,
he did not want to destroy the other class by using violence. Whereas
communists support the workers to annihilate the capitalists. Bose is of the
view that in communist rule, a class tries to keep the common man under his
tight control, which ends his political freedom. Even in the pre-communist
state, monarchical control was maintained on the citizens and they did not
have political rights and freedoms, while they are considered to be strong
supporters of political freedom. It is on the basis of the above grounds that he
opposes communism.

6. Views Regarding Democracy – By studying Subhash’s ideas related to

fascism and socialism, we can easily guess that Subhash had a lot of faith in
democracy. He does not believe in the democracy and democratic institutions
prevalent in Britain, France, America. He had no faith in the parliamentary
system of government and multi-party system like countries like Germany,
Italy etc. He believed in the one party system and the rule of its leader. For
this purpose, he founded a party called Forward Bloc. He believed in a one-
party discipline in which governance would be carried out according to military
rules. He was of the view that the problems of free India could not be solved
democratically, for this a state would be needed which was based on
totalitarianism instead of democracy. He supported the introduction of an
authoritarian system of government for some time in place of democracy in
independent India. That is why they are also called fascists.

7. Views about Nationalism – Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose was a strong

supporter of militant nationalism in India and was a great nationalist leader.
Nationalism for him was not just a mental thought but a religion. His
nationalism was the result of his desire for freedom. Nationalism inspired him
to give up struggle and sacrifice. He used to say that for nation building, it is
necessary to have a non-bending idealism, not a philosophy that changes
with time. His eloquent and reasoned speeches had filled the spirit of dying
for freedom among the youth. He used to inspire the Indian youth to keep
fighting throughout his life to eradicate injustice. As soon as he took the reins
of the Azad Hind Fauj in his hands, he gave a powerful speech to the
captured Indian soldiers and instigated the flames of rebellion in them. To
understand the nationalist outlook of Netaji, it is necessary to know the
slogans raised by him. To awaken the youth power of India, he had given
many slogans in which ‘You give me blood – I will give you freedom’, success
does not go to the cowards, the heroes get, Blood is calling for blood, Delhi
Chalo, Delhi’s road to freedom. ‘s road. The above slogans were inspired by
the spirit of nationalism which had infused new consciousness among the
youth.
8. He was not a dictator like Hitler, Mussolini etc., but he opposed the principle
of violence used by him. Although he had great respect for Gandhiji and he
had also accepted the ‘Non-cooperation Movement’ but he did not accept the
complete non-violent ideology. He did not consider non-violent means
sufficient to overthrow the then British system of governance. Subhash is of
the opinion that, “The youth of the country believes that the foreign
administration can be stalled by non-violence, but to remove the foreign rule,
non-violence will not work, now people have turned to violence. They are
burning police stations, post offices, government offices. They are tearing
down wire poles and railway tracks. But they are still unarmed. That day is not
far.When this obstruction will turn into armed revolution and whenever this
happens British rule will come to an end.” He was of the view that whatever
means can be used to achieve the country’s independence, all are justified.
By forming the Azad Hind Fauj, he started the war for the independence of
the country on a violent basis. Where Mahatma Gandhi wanted to achieve
independence by non-violent means by freeing the country from the British
imperial power while on the other hand Subhash wanted to expel the British
from the country by using military power. A similar order was given by
Subhash to his soldiers. The element of violence was present in the famous
slogan used by him, you give me blood, I will give you freedom. It is clear that
he wanted to get freedom through the use of violent means.
9. Gandhi and Gandhism in the beginning was a staunch supporter and follower
of Subhash Gandhi. He believed that it was due to the huge personality of
Gandhi ji that he was successful in awakening the Indian masses and
provided a firm base to the Congress. He was greatly influenced by Gandhiji’s
truthfulness, satyagraha, excellence of character and his extraordinary will
power. He called Mahatma Gandhi the father of the nation and sought his
blessings to achieve success in the freedom struggle. But his approach
towards the principles propounded by Gandhiji was critical. He had supported
the non-cooperation movement but criticized it for giving more importance to
the use of non-violent means only. He did not accept the extreme moral
principles used by Gandhiji. He also considered Gandhiji’s political bargaining
tendency to be weak. He was of the view that power must be used here, but
he opposed Gandhi’s humility and non-violence being an idol. He used to
oppose Gandhiji’s idea of the system of Swaraj under British rule itself. On
the contrary, he supported the demand for complete independence. Subhash
was of the view that freedom cannot be attained only by the voice of a blank
soul, so he also supports the use of power. He was of the opinion that
freedom can be attained by following the path of deceit, deceit, Maya,
delusion, indifference and duality and power. Due to the above ideas, he was
considered an opponent of Gandhism. Gandhiji was also angry with
Subhash’s style of working because of Subhash’s close proximity to the
fascist leaders.
10. Views Regarding Political System – In relation to the political system,
Subhash was of the opinion that by synthesising all the political systems
existing in the world, we will make our political system. He was of the view
that there are some good things about fascism, communist and democratic
systems and we can adopt these good things together in our system. It would
be foolish to say that there is one method which is the best. Therefore, the
good things of conflicting systems will be accepted.’2 Such a political system
will be adopted for India which will also be progressive and will meet our
social needs and national hopes. Subhash said that “our political philosophy
would be a synthesis of National Socialism and Communism.” He accepted
the system of governance arising out of a mixture of Marxism and Gandhism
as his political system, which he gives the name of socialism. In this method,
while the emphasis will be on one party system, one national leader and one
program, it will also give prominence to individual freedom and rights. 1. “The
younger generation in India has however learn from the Last 20 years
experience that while passive

11. Resistance can hold up or paralyse a foreign administration, it cannot

overthrow or expel it without the use of physical force, Impelled by this
experience the people today are spontaneously passing on from passive to
active resistance-using force in many ways to overthrow the British Yoke. The
last stage will come the end of British Rule in India.” 2. “Use in India will like to
work out a synthesis of the rival systems and try to embody the good point of
-Subhash -Subhash -Subhash both.” REIFE F 3. “Out political philosophy
should be a synthesis between national socialism and communism”.

12. Views About Party – Subhash had full faith in one party system. He was of
the view that since the reins of governance are in the hands of one party,
long-term policies and programs can be made easily. He had seen with his
own eyes the developmental work done in Italy, Germany etc. during the
fascist regime and also praised it. Instead of delegating political power to all
persons, he favored devolution of political power to a few individuals. So
some wanted to give actual shape to their policies by organizing a capable
people into a political party. For this purpose, he founded a party called
Forward Bloc.

Conclusion – After studying the above-mentioned views of Netaji, we come to

the conclusion that it would be difficult to give a clear answer whether Netaji
was a fascist or not. The facts mentioned above, however, prove him to be a
fascist thinker as he wanted to root out India of British imperialism. But in
many ways he was far from fascist. He never supported an extreme fascist.
His personality was that of a radical nationalist leader and he wanted to end
economic inequality and bring economic upliftment of the country’s poor. He
believed in a system of equality. For this purpose, he founded a party called
the Forward Bloc, which included the objectives of freedom and equality and
accepted democracy, critics who consider him a fascist, because of the
illusion that he was Hitler and Mussolini. The two dictators met with the
Nationalists and had been allies and supporters of the Axis powers in World
War II. He forgets that Netaji was ready to adopt any means for his main
objective of India’s independence and considered friendship with the enemy
of the enemy justified. So to call him a fascist would be an insult to his
personality that he was a fascist. He is as dear to Mother India as Gandhiji,
Pt. Nehru, Babasaheb etc. are believed.

Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose’s thoughts on the state

(NETA JI SUBHASH CHANDRA BOSE’S VIEWS ABOUT STATE)

Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose was a realistic politician. Being a realistic

politician, he had presented his views related to the state. He considered the
state as a means and the individual as an end. He was of the view that the
state has come into existence to fulfill the interests and needs of the
individuals and for this it should make efforts. Subhash thought that he had
seen the working of the developed western countries of France, Britain and
America. Therefore, the political, social and economic problems of
independent India cannot be solved in a democratic way. That is why he
insists on adopting compulsive means. His main views on the state are as
follows

He was a strong supporter of militant nationalism and was a great nationalist

leader. Nationalism was only a mental thought for him.
1. Support to extreme nationalism – Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose was the
inspiration for India’s sacrifice and sacrifice. He used to say that for nation
building, it is necessary to have a non-bending idealism, not a philosophy that
changes with time. His eloquent and reasoned speeches and the spirit of
dying for freedom in the youth was filled. He used to inspire the Indian youth
to keep fighting throughout his life to eradicate injustice. As soon as he took
the reins of the Azad Hind Fauj in his hands, he gave an intelligent speech to
the captured Indian soldiers and instigated the flames of rebellion in them. To
understand the nationalist outlook of Netaji, it is necessary to know the
slogans raised by him. India’s youth power
To awaken, he gave many slogans in which ‘You give me blood – I will give
you freedom’, Success does not go to cowards, Heroes get, Blood is calling
for blood, Delhi Chalo Delhi’s road to freedom The road is The above slogans
 were inspired by the spirit of nationalism which had infused new
consciousness among the youth
2. Views regarding System – Subhash regarding Governance System
The idea was that by synthesising all the political systems existing in the
world, we would make our own political system. He was of the view that there
are some good things about fascism, communist and democratic systems and
we can adopt these good things together in our system. It would be foolish to
say that there is one method that is the best. So the good things of conflicting
methods will be accepted. Such a political system will be adopted for India
which will also be progressive and will meet our social needs and national
hopes. Subhash said that our political philosophy would be a synthesis of
National Socialism and Communism. He accepted the system of governance
resulting from a mixture of Marxism and Gandhism as his political system
which he names socialism. In this method, while the emphasis will be on one
party system, one national leader and one program, it will also promote
individual freedom and rights. Will also be given priority.
3. Views regarding Liberty – Netaji was a staunch worshiper and supporter of
freedom. He could not live under any foreign nation or authority under any
circumstances. His idea of independence is estimated by leaving the job after
passing the ICS examination. In this regard, he has written that as soon as
the results of the ICS examination were declared, the question arose in my
mind that by staying in the job, I could do more work for the country or would
it be better to leave the job for the country. Therefore, I decided that the
service that can be done by leaving a government job is very simple in
comparison to the service that can be done in a job. How can I accept the
subjection of foreign rule? I believe that the day I sign the undertaking of the
job, the same day I will be subjected. Subhas Chandra Bose’s thinking about
freedom is evident from these sentences which he said while giving a speech
on Berlin Radio, “Even after British propaganda, it must have been clear to all
sensible Indians that India has only one enemy in this vast world.” Who has
been sucking his blood for centuries and that is the British Empire, I have
been fighting for the freedom of India throughout my life and till the last breath
of my life do not hesitate to make the biggest sacrifice for the service of
motherland and its interests. I only love the interests of India. He considered
subordination to be an injustice and a great curse. That is why his name
comes in the first line of freedom fighters of India.

3. Views about Equality – Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose has supported the
ideas of equality along with freedom. He supports the principle of equality in
his views related to state and socialism. He did not discriminate against any
person in the society on the basis of caste, religion, language, culture. When
he was educating in Britain, he was discriminated against on the basis of race
against citizens of Asian descent by British citizens and the government.
 Indians were looked down upon and their abilities were not believed. Along
with this, the caste system in India had affected the mind and heart of the
common man. On the basis of caste, distinction was made between Swarna
and Dalits. The Dalits were uniting and protesting the atrocities committed by
the goldsmiths and were demanding separate constituencies for themselves.
Subhash had urged the Golden Hindus to treat their Dalit comrades equally
and not to discriminate against them in any way. He was of the view that until
equality is not established in the society, national spirit, nation building and
freedom in the true sense cannot be enjoyed in the country. Therefore
equality has to be established.

4. Resolution for National Development Plan—After attaining the post of

Congress President in 1938, Bose convened a meeting of the Chief Ministers
of all the Congress provinces and asked them to develop domestic and
cottage industries in their respective provinces. Inspired. He was of the view
that small industries and big industries should be planned in such a way that
both develop equally. He clarified the nature of the five-point national plan,
which is described as follows –

(i) Become a partner part of world industry.

(ii) Develop basic industries related to electricity supply, metal production,

tool making, transport and communication equipment.

(iii) Attention should be paid to industrial education and training. (iv) A

permanent research council should be established in the country.

(iv) Survey of existing industries should be done before implementing this

national plan. Jawaharlal Nehru was the chairman of this National
Planning Committee. During this, cordial relations were maintained
between the Chairman and the members of the Working Committee.
His administrative ability had surprised the whole world.

5. Views Regarding Nation Building – Subhash was a realistic politician. His

thought was that in some time Indians would get freedom and after attaining
independence, we have to do the work of nation building. In the work of
nation building, we will have to bear a lot of hardships and for this we will
have to sacrifice our whole body, mind and wealth. He presented the
statement of Vivekananda that there can be no realization without sacrifice.
He had a firm belief that in order to achieve political freedom, he would have
 to suffer a lot. This requires great moral preparations. He said that eradication
of poverty and illiteracy would be the main task of nation building. He
supported the abolition of zamindari system and ending the indebtedness of
the farmers and the provision of cheap credit in rural areas. He had full faith in
the spread of cooperative movement. He was in favor of adopting scientific
methods in agriculture. He proposed that under state ownership and state
control, he had supported the preparation of a comprehensive plan for
industrial development.

In the words of Subhash, “We will have to adopt the socialist method and it
will be the duty of the state to solve these economic problems, modernize
agriculture and industrialize the country. We can read the experience of any
number of countries to solve their problems. But we have to solve our
problems in our own way. Efforts will be made to make every Indian literate to
solve Indian problems.

6. Opposing Non-Violence – Subhash Chandra Bose was a realistic politician,

he was not a dictator like Hitler, Mussolini etc., but he supported the principle
of violence used by them. Although he had great respect for Gandhiji and had
accepted the ‘Non-cooperation Movement’ but he did not accept the complete
non-violence ideology. He did not consider non-violent means sufficient to
overthrow the then British system of governance. Subhash is of the opinion
that, ”The youth of the country believes that the foreign administration can be
stalled by non-violence, but to remove the foreign rule, non-violence will not
work, now people have turned to violence. They are burning police stations,
post offices, government offices. They are tearing down wire poles and
railway tracks. But they are still unarmed. The day is not far when this
obstruction will turn into an armed revolution and whenever it happens, the
British rule the end. He was of the opinion that whatever means can be used
to achieve the independence of the country, all are appropriate. By forming
the Azad Hind Fauj, he started the war for the independence of the country on
a violent basis. Where Mahatma Gandhi was non-violent. Subhash wanted to
get independence by getting the country free from British imperial power by
means of methods whereas on the other hand Subhash wanted to expel the
British from the country by using military power.Similar order was given by
Subhash to his soldiers. Used by him The element of violence was present in
the famous slogan ‘You give me blood, I will give you freedom’. It is clear that
he wanted to get freedom by using violent means.

7. Views regarding Religion – Though Bose supported socialism, but he had full
faith in religion. He was neither anti-religious like Marx nor did he consider
religion to be related to politics like Gandhiji. The main reason for the anti-
religion of the citizens of Soviet Russia was the Church’s hand on the Soviet
 Tsar rulers, that is, the Tsar rulers had the full support of the Church. That is
why the people of Russia were anti-religious. He was of the view that the
Indian people could not sympathize with anti-religious and atheist
communism, because people in this country did not have the same emotional
animosity towards religion as the Russians had towards the Tsarist rulers.
Bose had complete faith in religion. His mother used to recite the Gita to him
every day and used to inspire him to act. Subhash had adopted the principle
of Karma of Gita in life and did not leave religion under any circumstances.

8. Views about National Unity – Bose had given great importance to the ideas of
national unity in his political views. He accepts the importance of national
unity to strengthen the nation, he wanted both Hindus and Muslims to oppose
the British rule together so that the British would be forced to leave India and
go out. He strongly opposes such individuals and organizations which were
working to damage the unity and integrity of the country and his efforts will
strengthen the British rule. He was absolutely untouchable by the narrow
sense of communalism. The Azad Hind Fauj formed under his leadership
included people of all religions. The goal of national independence was before
him and there was no place for the narrow spirit of communalism. He always
condemned the communal policies and divisive actions of the British. He had
strongly criticized those dividing on the basis of religion and caste as they
were threatening national unity. In 1940, when the Muslim League had
demanded the creation of a separate Muslim nation, whose basis was
religion, Subhash strongly opposed his demand.

9. Distinguished between Politics and Religion Netaji, like Gandhiji, neither

considers religion to be related to politics nor does he completely oppose
religion like Marx. He did not find it logical to combine political and moral
questions. That is why he criticizes Gandhiji’s political ideas and methodology
and completely separates religion from politics. He did not like the moral
approach with respect to politics which was propounded on the theoretical
level by Plato, Cicero and Green and the work of giving it a practical form was
done by Gokhale and Gandhiji. He considered Political Science and Ethics as
two separate disciplines and supported keeping both separate from each
other. But he did not believe in religion like Marxists. The communists were
completely opposed to religion. Subhash had supported a secular state,
finding a way between these two.

10. State Control Over Means of Production and Distribution- Netaji thought that
all the means of production and distribution of the country would not be
allowed to collect in one hand and they would be socialized. So that economic
inequality can be eliminated from the society. In this subject, Subhash has
written that “The state, in consultation with the Planning Commission, has
been given a gradual socialization in both the production and distribution
sectors of farming and industry.

System of SUBHASH industry, there will be a widespread adoption of

gradually socialization in both production and distribution areas.” Bose
wanted to eliminate the difference between rich and poor through socialism.
He called for the establishment of socialism after attaining independence.
When the country would get independence, then socialist propaganda would
be needed to prepare the country for socialism. He considered socialism as
the only means to solve the then problems of India. Conclusion- Subhash
Chandra Bose was a political, philosophical and theoretical thinker of India.

He was a practical leader whose ideas were greatly influenced by Indian

scholars Vivekananda and Aurobindo Ghosh. At the same time, he was
greatly influenced by Hegel among foreign scholars. His political views are
reflected in his book ‘The Indian Struggle’. He considered the world as his
land of work and lived his life like a karma yogi. Bose was a vigorous leader
and a staunch supporter of nationalism. Patriotism was the essence of his
personality and the highest expression of his soul. He boldly supported
nationalism in his activities. He neither criticized religion like Marx nor
considered religion as an integral part of politics like Gandhiji. He strongly
opposed imperialism. He believed in political realism, he did not refrain from
using violent means to achieve freedom. For this he had endured many
hardships and had done many jail visits. He was a pure nationalist who had
struggled throughout his life by making the country’s independence the aim of
his life. He considered the state as an instrument whichh came into existence
for the fulfillment of the objectives of the individual. Although he was not an
original thinker, yet he enjoys an important place in modern Indian political
thought.

ROLE OF SUBHASH CHANDRA BOSE IN FREEDOM MOVEMENT

In the history of Indian independence movement, the name of Subhash

Chandra Bose will always shine like a pole star. He was born on January 23,
1897 and died on August 20, 1945. During his college studies, he started
taking interest in the national movement. The thoughts of Rama Krishna
Paramhansa, Swami Vivekananda and Aurobindo Ghosh had a substantial
impact on his personality. Due to nationalist views, he refused to enter the
Indian Civil Service under the British Government. Subhash’s active role in
the freedom movement starts from this great work of his. A brief description of
the important role of Subhash in the freedom movement is as follows:
 The desire to participate in the national movement within Subhas Chandra
Bose was growing from college life itself. During the time of college itself,
Subhash had become a strong anti-British and passionate nationalist, while
his father was British Indian 11. Rejection the Job of Indian Civil Services –
was working in a high post of government. To curb Subhash’s growing
political activities, he decided to send him to England to sit for the ICS
examination so that he could enter politics, but Subhash’s mind had become
full of national service, national sentiment. He did not want to get any position
under the British government at any cost, but on pressure from his father, he
agreed to take the ICS exam. So she was there on October 20, 1919. With
hard work and dedication, Subhash got the fourth position in the ICS
examination. He reached London by telegram and started preparing for the
ICS exam. This examination to be held in August 1920 sent information to the
father that he had passed the ICS examination, but through a letter.

He also made his father aware of his decision that he would not accept the post
of ICS. Our In the context of this decision, he also consulted Deshbandhu
Chittaranjan Das. Subhash thought that if he If he accepts the post of ICS, then
he will not be able to serve the country. Hence the feeling of nationalist Inspired
by and for the service of the nation, he took up the glorious post of ICS on April
22, 1921.Rejecting, chose the difficult and thorny path of service to the country.
At that time ICS (Indian Civil Service)
The highest civilian service was considered. Refusal to enter it is a great proof of
Subhash’s patriotism.
2. Participation in Non-Co-operation Movement Subhash returned to
Bombay on July 16, 1921. As soon as he reached Bombay, he went
straight to meet Mahatma Gandhi, who was still in Bombay at that
time. After discussing with Mahatma Gandhi, he met Deshbandhu
Adarsh Chittaranjan Das. Deshbandhu gave him the post of Principal
in his National College in Calcutta. Even while working as the principal
of the National College, Subhash Chandra Bose took an active part in
the activities of the Congress in Bengal for the first time. During this, he
also played an important role as a Congress propaganda officer and
paid attention to solving the problems of the youth. In September 1921,
a conference of senior Congress leaders started in Calcutta. In this,
Subhash came in contact with senior leaders for the first time. The
Bengal Congress Committee organized a secret meeting during the
non-cooperation movement. Subhash participated in this meeting for
the first time. The purpose of this meeting was to protest the Prince of
Wales’s arrival in Calcutta. Subhash ji was appointed as the director of
 this program of Congress in Bengal. Therefore, the government started
arresting the activists of the non-cooperation movement to prevent any
untoward incident. On December 10, 1921, Deshbandhu and then
Subhash were arrested and sent to the Presidency Jail. With these
arrests in Calcutta and other places in Bengal, the movement became
more intense instead of cooling down. This put the Indian government
in trouble. Therefore, he sent Pt. Madan Mohan Malviya ji to the
Presidency Jail to meet Deshbandhu by making him a mediator.
Malviya ji told that if the Congress immediately stops the non-
cooperation movement and does not boycott the visit of the Prince of
Wales, then the government will release the Satyagrahis at the same
time. In this context, Deshbandhu informed Mahatma Gandhi by
telegram. Gandhiji wanted to free these Satyagrahis as well as the Ali
brothers and the activists of the Khilafat movement, but the Viceroy did
not agree to give any concession other than the release of the
Satyagrahis and the agreement failed. Subhash Chandra, who was
initially opposed to this agreement, later agreed with Deshbandhu and
became his supporter. In February, 1922, at a place called Chaura-
Chauri in Gorakhpur, the non-cooperation movement killed 22 soldiers
by burning them alive in the police post, due to which Mahatma Gandhi
announced the end of the non-cooperation movement. Subhash wrote
bitterly of Gandhiji, “At the time when the enthusiasm of the public was
reaching the peak, the order to retreat was no less than a national
calamity.”
Formation of Swarajya Party – Mahatma Gandhi suddenly suspended his
movement after the violent incident of Chaura-Chauri, due to which many senior
Congress leaders including Pt. Motilal Nehru, Mr. Chittaranjan Das Basu etc.
Criticizing Gandhiji, he formed another Swaraj Party separate from the Congress.
Subhas Chandra Bose and Jawaharlal Nehru were given important posts in this
Swarajya Party. This party first contested the Calcutta Municipal Corporation
elections and then achieved significant success in the State Legislative Council
elections held in 1925. Subhash Chandra Bose was imprisoned at this time, but
the youth of Bengal had He was accused of instigating and participating in and
conducting revolutionary activities. Subhash killed his rival JN Basu from jail
itself.
SU was defeated by a huge margin of votes and he was elected a member of the
Legislative Council, but instead of releasing him, the government had sent him to
Mandalay in Burma, but due to Subhash’s fast, he had to bow down and on May
15, 1927 he was Had to be taken to Calcutta and released. These political
activities of his had put him in the heart of the people and he stood in the front
line of the Congress in the political field.
Opposing to Simon Commission – Under the Indian Council Act of 1919, it was
arranged that a commission would be constituted after 10 years of the implementation
of this Act, which would follow the arrangements made under this Act. Will review. For
this purpose, the British Government constituted a commission under the chairmanship
of Sir John Simon in November, 1927. This commission is also called Simon
Commission. This commission had seven members. These were all British. The
absence of any Indian in the commission set up to know the problems of Indians was a
matter of humiliation for the Indians, which no self-respecting Indian could tolerate. That
is why all the political parties decided to oppose it. The Simon Commission reached
Calcutta on January 19, 1929. Subhash, as the leader of the Bengal Congress,
contacted all the leaders of the working class movement including the communists and
planned a joint resistance movement against the Simon Commission. On January 19,
1929, there was a general strike in Calcutta and Holi was lit for foreign goods stalling all
the work and there were clashes with the police in many places, undoubtedly Subhash
was the driving force behind them. About one lakh people staged a massive
demonstration with slogans of ‘Go back to Simon’ in which about half were labourers.
Subhas Chandra Bose had now indeed become the undisputed leader of the militant
nationalists of Bengal.Similarly, Subhash and Jawahar Lal came closer, because both
being young wanted some improvement in the functioning of the Congress. Both had
jointly addressed rallies in Bengal and in many other parts of India. Against Simon
Commission
Role in Form Nehru Report – In view of the demonstrations, India Secretary in the
British Parliament, Brican Head, condemned this action of the Indians and challenged
the Indians to do so on their own. Make a constitution that is acceptable to all Indians.
The Indian leaders accepted this challenge of Lord Brican Head and made full
determination to prepare the constitution.
The Congress convened an all-party meeting of all Indian parties in Delhi on February
28, 1928 for the purpose of framing the future constitution of India. Representatives of
29 political parties participated in this meeting. For this purpose, the second conference
of all political parties was held in Bombay in May, 1928 and the constitution was
constituted in this conference. Subhash was also among the seven other members of
this committee. The function of this committee was to consider the constitution and
prepare the draft of the constitution. Discussions took place in this committee about the
history of the Indian national movement, etc. In this conference itself, the Nehru
Committee in a committee headed by Pandit Motilal Nehru and the report submitted by
this committee is known as Nehru Report. Subhash had a very important contribution in
preparing the Nehru Report.
For the purpose of considering the annual session of the Congress was organized in
Calcutta in 1928. In relation to this, 6. Calcutta session, 1928 (Calcutta Session, 1928) –
A resolution was presented on the Nehru Report presented by the Nehru Committee.
Youth leaders like Subhash Chandra Bose, Jawaharlal Nehru etc. wanted to include the
topic of complete independence in the agenda of the Congress. This proposal of
complete independence was prepared by Subhash, because he did not like the demand
of colonial state made by the old leaders of Congress. Opposed this demand made by
the old Congress leaders Subhash and Jawahar. This led to the demand for complete
independence made by Subhash.
Rejected the offer. Subhash’s proposal was not accepted, but the ideas of Subhash and
Nehru had convinced enough Congressmen that the attainment of complete self-rule
could enable India to develop as a nation.
Resolution for Complete Independence – The annual session of the Congress was held
in Lahore in December, 1929, on the banks of the Ravi river. With the help of Mahatma
Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru was elected the President of this session. Nehru was the
president of this convention, but in this convention, the personality of Subhash shone as
much as that of any other leader. In this session, Gandhiji presented a proposal for
complete independence, which was included in the agenda of the Congress. Due to the
full support of Gandhiji, that resolution was passed unanimously. It was also decided in
that session that every 26 January would be celebrated as Independence Day.
Subhash’s personality and politicalism increased in this convention. The Lahore session
proved to be a symbol of Subhash’s success. In this session, Mahatma Gandhi himself
presented the proposal of complete independence, which was accepted unanimously. It
was the same proposal which was turned down when Subhash presented it in
December, 1928. The passing of this resolution was the success of Subhash himself.
Found guilty in connection with a trial, Subhash was arrested as soon as he reached
Calcutta and sent to Alipore Jail. Subhash was treated very badly in this jail.
Mayor of Calcutta Municipal Corporation – After the Calcutta Municipal Corporation
elections on August 22, 1930, Subhash was elected the Mayor of the Corporation, but
he could not take the oath of office due to being in jail. Could take. On 23 September
1930, Subhash was released from jail and the next day took oath as the Mayor of
Calcutta. Once again he was fully involved in making the Municipal Corporation active
and efficient and in handling the works of public welfare. On the Independence Day of
26 January 1931, Subhash Chandra was leading a huge procession along with
Congress volunteers as mayor towards the Calcutta Maidan where he was to hoist the
national flag. When the procession passed through Chowringhee Bazar, police resorted
to lathi charge and he was arrested and sentenced to six months imprisonment, but
Subhash was released as a result of Gandhi Irwin Pact in March, 1931.
Elected as Congress President – Congress in 1938 The annual convention was held at
Haripura. In that session, Subhash Chandra Bose was elected the President of the
Congress. In his presidential speech, Subhash severely criticized the British policy of
‘divide and rule’. Was. He had indicated that the British would try to destroy the unity
and integrity of India. Are doing. He had clearly said that Indians would not allow the
integrity of their country to be destroyed. When subhash Chandra became the President
of the Congress, at that time the Congress governments were working in eight
provinces of British India. Subhas had done important work to make the efficient
operation of those governments credible. In many provinces Many differences arose
between the Chief Minister and the Ministers or other Congress leaders. Were.
Subhash He had given evidence of his political acumen in resolving differences. 10.
Resolution for National Development Plan – After attaining the post of Congress
President in 1938, a meeting of Chief Ministers of all Congress provinces was called by
Bose and industries and big industries should be planned in such a way that both
develop equally. He clarified the nature of the five-point national plan, which is
described as follows:

(i) Become an associate part of world industry.

(ii) Develop basic industries related to electricity supply, metal production,

tools, construction, transport and communication equipment.
(iii) Attention should be paid to industrial education and training.

(iii) A permanent research council should be established in the country.

(iv) Survey of existing industries should be done before implementing this

national plan. Jawaharlal Nehru was the chairman of this National
Planning Committee. During this, cordial relations were maintained
between the Chairman and the members of the Working Committee. His
administrative ability astonished the whole world.

11. Re-elected the President of Congress- Subhash’s name was presented for
the post of President for the Congress session of 1939 also due to his past
works and achievements. But Mahatma Gandhi was not satisfied with the
working of Subhash due to some reasons. Some differences had also arisen
between Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru and Subhash. Therefore, when Subhash’s
name was presented again for the post of President in the annual convention
held in Tripuri in 1939, with the blessings of Mahatma Gandhi, Dr. Pattabhi
Sitaramayya’s name was presented for the post of President in comparison to
Subhash. Left-wing Congress leaders were supporting Subhash. When
elections were held for the post of President, Mahatma Gandhi’s candidate
had to face defeat. This victory of Subhash had made him more famous all
 over the country. But due to this victory, Mahatma Gandhi made a lot of
efforts to overcome his differences, but he could not succeed in his objective.
In such a situation, Subhash did not want to work on the post of Congress
President. Therefore, on 29 April 1939, he resigned from the post of
Congress President. His resignation letter made him even more famous
among ordinary Indians.

12. Formation of Forward Block and Expulsion from the Congress- Subhash’s
resignation from the post of Congress President resulted in severe bitterness
in Bengal. On May 3, 1939, a group called Forward Block was formed in
Calcutta. Thousands of youths from Bengal joined the Forward Bloc formed
by Bose. It was a party that had to provide strong leadership to all the Left
organizations rooted in the Congress. Increasing the purpose of formation of
this party, Subhash said that he wanted to make the freedom movement more
challenging and active. That is why he established the ‘Forward Bloc’ within
the Congress, of which he himself was the president. The foundation of this
party was laid on some progressive, principles so that the British rule could be
challenged severely. On July 9, 1939, a session of the Congress General
Committee was held in Bombay. The Forward Bloc and its allies decided to
oppose it by observing this day as ‘Protest Day’. Congress not only removed
Subhash from the post of President of Bengal Congress Committee by not
getting satisfactory answer from this conference. Strict action was taken
against those opposing it. Subhash was summoned in this regard. From them

He was further disqualified from participating in the Congress elections for the
next three years from August, 1939.

It had begun. Subhash’s Detention of India 13. Subhash’s Detention (Detention

of Subhash) – World War II on September 1, 1939, with the aim of defeating
Britain and its allies in this war All political parties asked to make a pact with the
Axis countries . The British government was already suspicious of Subhash’s
activities and kept a close watch on him, but when he spoke of the cooperation of
the fascist forces, it also saddened the Indian leaders. The Forward Bloc
launched a vigorous anti-war Satyagraha led by Subhash whereas the Congress
was opposing it only legally. Congress declared the Forward Bloc as an
independent and unaffiliated party in its Nagpur session in 1940. In July 1940,
Subhash was arrested and tried for sedition.
The Forward Bloc had started the ‘Hallwell Memorial Removal’ movement these
days. This was being done to remove the ‘Hallball Monument’ built to symbolize
the British victory over the ruler. That is why Subhash and his associates were
arrested. Later, the government itself removed the monument and kept it in the
museum of Calcutta and left all his companions except Subhash. Gone. Subhash
remained in the Presidency Jail. Subhash started the fast of death in jail. Due to
his fast, he was released unconditionally on December 5, 1940, but the British
government did not want to increase their troubles by leaving that lion open
outside the cage. That’s why he kept his eyes closed at his residence at 38/2
Elgin Road and kept a tight watch on him, the eyes of the spies were always
watching his movements. Last of

13. Flee From Detention – Subhash had supernatural power and desire to serve
the nation. He himself could not do this while in captivity and the British
government did not want to leave him open. So Subhash, in consultation with
close friends, planned to escape in disguise. World War II was at its zenith
and the Allied forces were defeated by the Axis powers at many places. On
the scheduled night of January 18, 1941, Subhash disguised as a cleric and a
bird flew away by throwing dust in the eyes of the soldiers. His nephew first
took him to Dhanbad, from there he reached Delhi with essential items. When
solar was reserved for him in a train from Delhi to Peshawar in the name of
Muhammad Ziauddin. After reaching Peshawar, Mia Akbar Shah took him to
a safe place. On January 27, 1941, Subhash reached Kabul with comrade
Bhagat Ram. By the time the secret of his escape was uncovered, he
reached Italy via the Soviet Union from Kabul. From Italy he reached
Germany in the first week of April, 1941.

14. Interview with Hitler – On reaching Berlin, the capital of Germany, Subhash
met Hitler. Prior to this Hitler was planning a massive attack on the Soviet
Union. Subhash prepared a long reminder letter to be given to the German
government. In it, he told that Germany, Japan and Italy could get the support
of the people of India if the Axis powers made the Indians believe that their
victory would definitely mean India’s independence. Hitler was greatly
influenced by Subhash’s ideas and Hitler addressed him as ‘Fries Indische
Führer’ i.e. leader of Azad Hind. During these same meetings, he told Hitler
about his plans, he wanted to establish a completely independent and free
organization from German interference in Germany for the independence of
India, in this organization he planned to include non-resident Indians. . He
also demanded the release of Indian prisoners and permission to join the
Indian organization. Hitler accepted all their demands and assured them of
cooperation in implementing the above plans.
15. Formation of Azad Hind Sangh – On getting Hitler’s approval on his plans, in
October 1941, Subhash called a conference of non-resident Indians in Berlin
in the name of Arlando Mazzota. When he came to know that he was the
guest of Subhash, then he expressed happiness, Subhash, with the help of
non-resident Indians, founded a union named ‘Central Führer Eden’ in Berlin,
which was called Azad Hind Sangh in Hindustani. In the establishment of this
union, Subhash was greatly assisted by the overseas Indians named Abid
Hussain. This association was related to the civil and military administration of
Germany. The level of Azad Hind Sangh was before a semi-embassy and it
had all the facilities available to a full-fledged embassy. Provided. The
German government arranged funds for this union. By this time Subhash
Chandra Bose had become famous as ‘Neta ji’. Netaji made Mr. NC Nambiar
the Vice-President of Azad Hind Sangh. The first meeting of the Sangh was
held on 2 November 1941. In this meeting four important decisions were
taken regarding the Azad Hind Sangh:
(i) The war cry of the Azad Hind Union and the word of salutation shall
be deemed to be ‘Jai Hind’.
(ii) After this meeting, the founder of Azad Hind Sangh, Shri Subhash
Chandra Bose will be addressed as ‘Netaji’.
(iii) Jana-gana-mana was accepted as the national anthem in the Azad
Hind Sangh and all its other branches.
(iv) The language of the Azad Hind Union shall be deemed to be
Hindustani.

A Planning Committee was formed to streamline the affairs of the Sangh. The
Sangh also established a training institute aimed at developing administrative
abilities among the deserving youth.

16. Establishment of Azad Hind Radio – The goal of establishing ‘Azad Hind
Radio’ was also set in the program of Azad Hind Sangh. On 25 March 1942,
Netaji sent the first broadcast message from Azad Hind Radio to his
countrymen. Initially the broadcast time of this radio was only 45 minutes, but
later it was increased to 3 hours 50 minutes. Initially this broadcast was done
in Hindi only, but later it was started in nine languages like English, Hindi,
Persian, Pashto, Tamil, Telugu, Gujarati, Marathi and Bangla. Due to the
bombing of Berlin, it was first moved to a place called Hilversum in Holland
and then re-established in Hagstadt, Germany. The leader continued to
conduct the ‘Quit India Movement’ from Germany through Azad Hind Radio.
Netaji developed a kind of new consciousness among Indians through his
 radio broadcasts. Through all his broadcasts, he tried to convince the Indians
that this time is best for freeing India. In this way, Netaji, through Azad Hind
Sangh and ‘Azad Hind Radio’, presented the question of India’s
independence on the international stage and paved the way for its
independence.

17. Leadership of Azad Hind Fauj Ras Bihari Bose, a fan of India’s
independence, had come to Japan from India during the First World War and
was making efforts for India’s independence by staying here. He duly founded
the Indian Independence League by hoisting the tricolor flag at a conference
of overseas Indians in Bangkok on June 15, 1942. In this conference,
resolutions were passed regarding the establishment of the Azad Hind Fauj.
For this he first created a favorable environment. Earlier, on February 15,
1942, the Japanese had taken 40,000 Indians as prisoners of war by
conquering Singapore. Rash Behari Bose contacted the prisoners of war
through the Japanese officers and motivated them to get ready to fight for
India’s independence. In this regard, talks were also held with Captain Mohan
Singh. On getting their consent, the Indian National Army or Azad Hind Fauj
was formed. It was duly established on September 1, 1942 AD and Captain
Mohan Singh became its general, but the relations of Japan to the Indian
soldiers were doubtful. This made the Japanese feel the need of someone
who could provide the right leadership to the Azad Hind Fauj. Meanwhile, on
December 20, 1942, General Ivakurs arrested General Mohan Singh and
placed him under house arrest, then other soldiers of the Azad Hind Fauj
disbanded the Azad Hind Fauj, but Rash Behari Bose did not want to allow it
to be dissolved. That is why in February 1943, the Japanese general
contacted many Indian leaders and asked them to call Subhash Chandra
Bose from Germany and take over the leadership of Azad Hind Preet. The
Japanese government declared the Azad Hind Fauj at par with the Japanese
army, leaving Germany on 8 February 1943 and reaching Tokyo on 16 May
1943. Done on June 10, 1943. According to the plan to invite Netaji to South-
East Asia, a message was sent to him. Subhash met Japanese Prime
Minister Tojo. On June 12, 1943, Subhash’s residence at the Imperial Hotel in
Tokyo
Rash Behari Bose came to meet him. After this the two leaders were waiting for
them on July 2, 1943, Sing officers, officers of the Japanese army and major
officers were waiting for them. Here Netaji was introduced to all of them and he
welcomed Subhash ji with the slogans of ‘Inquilab Zindabad’, ‘Azad Hind
Zindabad’. On July 4, 1943, Rash Behari Bose handed over the leadership of
Azad Hind Fauj to the strong, efficient and capable hands of Netaji. 19.
Formation of Interim Government :- Netaji gave Azad Hind At the time of
 assuming the leadership of the army, the formation of the interim government
was also announced. Your this declaration Netaji had already talked to the
Japanese Prime Minister regarding this. Provisional government formal The
announcement was made on October 21, 1943. Its headquarters was in
Singapore for the establishment of the Azad Hind Government. Had three main
goals
To strengthen the position of Azad Hind Fauj and Azad Hind Union by the establishment
of Azad Hind Government, (ii) On establishment of Azad Hind Government, the
Government of Japan will be compelled to give it equal status. In such a situation, the
agreements that Netaji has made with the Japanese government will be able to take a
more permanent and firm form.
The establishment of this government will not only boost the morale of the citizens but
also the soldiers and make them self-reliant.
Will give confidence. After this Subhash presented the outline of the Azad Hind
government. He himself became the Prime Minister of this government. He also had the
War and State Department. There were also four other ministers in the cabinet. Captain
Lakshmi Swaminathan, S. A. Iyer, Lt. Col., A. C. Chatterjee and A. M. Sahai On October
21, 1943, the Government of Japan gave its recognition to this provisional government.
On 23 October 1943, Germany, Italy and some other countries also recognized this
government. On October 24, 1943, while addressing a gathering of 50,000 Indians,
Subhash said that this is a war which will continue till India gets independence and will
end only after independence. All the people present in the meeting raised slogans –
Inquilab Zindabad! Leader who hails! Let’s go to Delhi! Let’s go to Delhi !

20. Declaration of War – All the preparations for the war were completed. Netaji
also wanted to drive the British out of India as soon as possible. Therefore, on 23
October 1943, a meeting of the cabinet was called to discuss the declaration of
war and it was unanimously decided to go to war in this meeting. In the afternoon
of October 24, 1943, he announced that all should be ready to give their all in the
war of independence. On 29 December 1943, Netaji went to Port Blair and
prepared a strategy. On 4 February 1944, the 1 st Brigade of the Azad Hind Fauj
left for the battlefield. The first battle with the English army took place in the
Kaladan Valley. Within no time, the Azad Hind Fauj had established its control
over many areas. On March 18, 1944, the Azad Hind Fauj entered the Indian
border. After great difficulties captured Imphal (Assam), but the Azad Hind Fauj
could not advance beyond Imphal. They had run out of war material and food
items from behind. While fighting in Burma with the Japanese forces, the Azad
Hind Fauj stood at a point from which the path turned towards defeat, because
the Japanese army did not support the Azad Hind Fauj in the true sense and
during the war many The soldiers and officers had betrayed the Azad Hind Fauj.
In May 1945, the British army took control of Rangoon and the Azad Hind Fauj

All the property of the Provisional Indian Government was confiscated by

imprisoning its soldiers and soldiers. 21. Defeat of Axis Nation and Death of
Netaji in Plane Crash (Defeat of Axis Nation and Death of Netaji in Plane Crash)
– By May, 1945, Italy and Germany presented Stalingrad to the Allies.
He surrendered after a fierce battle. The defeat of Japan was also certain.
Despite this, Japan continued the war, but on August 6 and August 9, 1945,
when America attacked the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, in such
a situation, Subhash decided to go to the Soviet Union, on August 16, Netaji
came to Bangkok and from there to Taiwan. Went to a place called Taipei. On 17
August, he boarded a Japanese airplane with one of his companions, Habibur
Rahman, from where he was to go to the Soviet Union. Shortly after boarding the
ship, the ship crashed and he died on August 19, 1945. He was cremated at the
Taipei Crematorium on August 20, 1945. According to Habibur Rahman who
Subhash told him at the last moment, “When you go back, tell our countrymen
that I fought till the end for the freedom of my country. No power can keep our
country a slave for long now. Those struggles.” Keep it up. India will be free
soon.” There is a debate going on about the death of Subhash Chandra Bose till
date. Most people don’t believe it Doing that he had died in an air crash. The
government of independent India also made several commissions of inquiry, but
Till date the truth regarding Netaji’s death has not been revealed. Concerned
about the death of Netaji Doubts remain, but the contribution and contribution
made by the great revolutionary knight dedicated to the country’s independence.
There is no other example like the one who has been sacrificed. Netaji for his
selfless sacrifice Lives in the hearts of Indians and will live forever.
SUBHASH CHANDRA BOSE AND INDIAN NATIONAL ARMY
Intense feeling for the independence of the country – Subhash Chandra Bose
was a very brave son of Mother India who sacrificed his life to free the country
from foreign tyranny. Subhas Chandra Bose was a resident of Bengal, the
province of revolutionaries. For the purpose of independence of the country, he
also joined the Indian National Congress and was elected twice as the President
of this institution. Mahatma Gandhi did not agree with Bose’s views and for this
reason Mahatma Gandhi strongly opposed Bose ji at the time of election for the
post of Congress President. Despite Gandhi’s bitter opposition, Subhash
Chandra Bose became the President of the Congress twice, but due to
differences of opinion with Gandhi, Bose resigned from the presidency of the
Congress. Bose who was a person of progressive ideas and on the basis of his
ideas, he also founded a left-party political party called Forward Block. Even after
the establishment of this party, Netaji was not very satisfied, because he had a
strong desire to liberate the country and he wanted to take some effective action
on a large scale to fulfill this desire.
Bose Arrested – When the Second World War started in 1939, Netaji determined
to take advantage of the situation arising out of this war. When he saw that
England was completely entangled in this war, then he suggested to Mahatma
Gandhi and other Congress leaders to take full advantage of this compulsion of
England to liberate the country, but Mahatma Gandhi who was inspired by the
thoughts of Netaji. Sehmat had full knowledge of Netaji’s views and for this
reason he was arrested on July 2, 1940. He was not, because he did not intend
to take any advantage of the compulsion of England in the time of crisis. Sarkar
On November 26, 1940, Netaji, in a letter to the Governor of Bengal, said,
“Individuals must die so that the nation may live. I must die so that India can
achieve its freedom and glory.”
Neta ji in Germany – Neta ji started fasting in jail on November 29, 1940 to
express his anger against the behavior of the government. When his health
started to deteriorate, the government released him from jail, but the police
started keeping a close watch on his residence. Netaji wanted to go to Germany
so that he could get help from Germany to make India independent. Despite the
tight police guard, Netaji left home as a cleric on January 17, 1941, and after
successfully facing many troubles, reached the German capital, Berlin, in March
1941. A colleague of Hitler, the dictator of Germany, gave him a warm welcome
and assured him of all help. By winning against the British soldiers on many
battle fronts, Germany had already made the British soldiers war prisoners. A
substantial number of these prisoners of war were Indian soldiers, who had gone
abroad to fight for the British government. The German authorities offered
Subhas Chandra Bose to organize these Indian soldiers. Accepting this
suggestion, Bose started efforts to organize the Indian soldiers. Netaji was quite
successful in this effort and he increased the number of his military force to about
three thousand youths.
Decision to Form Azad Hind Fauj Japan had also joined the war against England
from the eastern region and its soldiers were achieving spectacular successes in
South East Asia. On February 15, 1942, when Japanese troops occupied
Singapore, Subhas Chandra Bose realized that the war for Indian independence
could be carried out more effectively against the British in South-East Asia than
in Germany. Here the famous revolutionary Rash Behari Bose was also working
for Indian independence in Japan. Rash Behari Bose had married a Japanese
girl, then thus he became a Japanese citizen. When British troops were defeated
in Singapore on February 15, 1942, about 40 thousand Indian soldiers
surrendered to the Japanese military general. An Indian military officer named
General Mohan Singh decided to establish the Azad Hind Army. The Indian
soldiers who had surrendered on the Singapore front were handed over by the
Japanese general to General Mohan Singh. So that he could establish the Azad
Hind Fauj, which would later fight with the British army along with the Japanese
soldiers. In March 1942, a conference of representatives of Indians living in East
Asia was held as a result of the efforts of Rash Behari Bose in Tokyo, the capital
of Japan. In this conference, it was decided to form the Azad Hind Army by a
resolution. It was also said in that resolution that the Azad Hind Army would be
under the leadership of Indian officers and would fight for Indian independence.
An organization of Indians living in the South-Eastern region was also
established, which is known as “Indian Independence League”. It was also
decided at the Tokyo Conference to hold another conference of Indian delegates
in Bangkok in the month of June.
Bangkok Conference – According to the decision of the Tokyo Conference, a
conference of Indian delegates was held in Bangkok from June 15 to June 23,
1942. By this conference, as a result of the efforts of General Mohan Singh,
about 25 thousand soldiers had joined the Azad Hind Army. About 100 delegates
from Burma, Malaya, Thailand, Indo-China, Philippines, Japan, China, Borneo,
Java, Sumatra, Hong Kong and Andaman attended the Bangkok conference.
Rash Behari Bose presided over this conference. The Indian Independence
League, which was temporarily established in the Tokyo Conference, was
formally confirmed and a constitution was also fixed for it. The purpose of the
League in this constitution should be to invite India’s complete independence to
come to East Asia. By another council the conference called on the Executive
Council.
so that the Indian independence movement should be run properly. This
Executive Council had a President and four members. Rash Behari Bose was the
head of this council and General Mohan Singh was handed over the army
department as a member of the council. The Indian National Army was formally
established on September 1, 1942. Apart from physical training, the soldiers of
Azad Hind Army were also given mental training so that they develop the feeling
of patriotism and national passion.

Netaji took over the command to Azad Hind Fauj – Subhash Chandra Bose
reached Tokyo, the capital of Japan in June 1943. He conveyed his decision to
the people through a broadcast from Tokyo Radio that he would wage a military
war against the British government on the northern borders of India so that they
could liberate India from British suzerainty. This broadcast of Netaji increased the
happiness of the people and when he reached Singapore on July 2, 1943, he
was very well received there. On July 4, Rash Behari Bose handed over the
leadership of the Indian independence movement in East Asia to Subhash
Chandra Bose and in the presence of thousands of Indians, Netaji formally took
over the chairmanship of the Indian Independence League. Netaji told the people
gathered there that he would soon form the Provisional Government of Free India
and take the Azad Hind Army to India. Netaji also told the people that his
destination is the Red Fort of Delhi and for this purpose there is a need to
organize the Azad Hind Army in its entirety. On August 25, 1942, Netaji also
formally took over the leadership of the Azad Hind Army. Netaji kept informing
Indians sitting in India and other countries about the objectives of the Azad Hind
Army through radio broadcasts.

Formation of Provisional Government of Free India – In October 1943, Netaji

asked representatives of all Indians living in East Asia to assemble in Singapore.
After discussions with him, Netaji announced the establishment of the Provisional
Government of Free India in Singapore on October 21, 1943. On 23 October, the
cabinet of this government decided to inspire war against the British and
America. Netaji himself broadcast this announcement by radio and thus the war
for Indian independence of the Azad Hind Army began. After a few days, Japan,
Germany, Italy, Burma, Thailand, China, Philippines and Manchuria recognized
the provisional government of independent India.

Organization of Azad Hind Fauj – The organization of Azad Hind Army was
mainly done in four pieces. One detachment was called the Subhash Brigade,
the other the Gandhi Brigade, the third the Azad Brigade and the fourth the Rani
Jhansi Regiment. There were a large number of women in the Rani Jhansi
regiment. These brigades of the Azad Hindu Army fought with the British army
with great valor. Even though the Azad Hind Army was in a minority in number,
but every soldier of this army had the desire to die for the country. The Azad Hind
Army also had a shortage of weapons and they did not get ration in full quantity.
First of all, Azad Hind Army became Indian In March 1944, the soldiers of Azad
Hind Fauj crossed the Indian Burma border and entered the Indian soil and
fought with the British Army at many places on the Barya border and very
valiantly defeated the British army. Gandhi and Azad Brigades of Azad Hind
Army fought a lot to take control of Imphal by meeting Japanese soldiers. In
many other places, the Azad Hind Army achieved spectacular successes, but
this army did not succeed in its objective of making India independent. Germany
was already defeated and in August 1945, Japan also surrendered to the British.
Earlier, in May 1945, the Azad Hind Army in Rangoon
Indian soldiers were taken prisoner and thus this military movement for Indian
independence in South-East Asia almost came to an end.
Netaji left for Tokyo by a ship from Saigon with one of his companions and some
chief Japanese military officers. The ship arrived safely at an airport in Formosa
on August 18, 1945. After lunch, the ship left from there. After this nothing was
known of the leader. The Japanese government reported that the ship caught fire
soon after departing Formusa and Netaji was severely injured by that fire. Netaji
was rushed to the hospital in an injured condition, where he passed away. This
description of the Government of Japan was not accepted in India from the very
beginning. The government of independent India has so far appointed two
committees to get proper knowledge about Netaji, but these committees justified
the official description of Japan, but one member of the committee, who was
Netaji’s elder brother, did not agree with this report of the committee. Some
people still believe that Netaji did not die in that ship accident and he is alive.
Although the Azad Hind Army could not succeed in its ultimate objective, but the
great actions of this army convinced the British that now it is impossible for them
to stay in India for a long time. Indians had full sympathy for the Azad Hind Army.
When some officers of this army were tried at the Red Fort in Delhi, there were
strong demonstrations in all parts of the country in support of those brave
soldiers. The driving force behind the military revolts of many military
cantonments in India was that of the Azad Hind Army. The British were forced to
leave India in 1947 as a result of the commendable work of the Azad Hind Army.