xDD «: Or. Reading 1 Snack Rules /11 Reading 2 Putting Together the Best /13 Reading3 The Empty Orchestra /15 Reading 4 — Enjoy Nature with Foraging! / 17 Reading5 Public Bath Houses / 19 Reading6 Do You Like Sugar Too Much? /23 Reading? ThePower of Smiling /25 Reading8 BrainPain /27 Reading9 An Amazing Part of the Body / 29 Reading 10 All Those Bones /31 Reading 11 The Value of Art /35 Reading 12: Stealing the Mona Lisa /37 Reading 13 The Best Art Cities /39 Reading 14 IsItArt? /41 Reading 15 Giant Sculptures / 43 Reading 16 How Different Are Men and Women? /.47 Reading 17. TheKey to Happiness / 49 Reading 18 What Motivates Us /51 Reading 19 | Believe It! /53 Reading 20 Pica /55Reading 21 Sub-Cultures /59 Reading 22 Tea vs. Coffee Culture /61 Reading 23 Elephants in Thailand /63 Reading 24 The Maasai People /65 Reading 25 Diving Women /67 Reading 26 Used Money /71 Reading 27 The Family Budget /73 Reading 28 Credit Cards vs. Cash /75 Reading 29 The Gold Standard /77 Reading 30 Valuable Money /79 Reading 31 Music in the Digital Age /83 Reading 32 The Bucket List /85 Reading 33 Animals in Zoos and Shows /87 Reading 34 Actors and Roles /89 Reading 35 Famous Ballet Dancers /91 Reading 36 Cupcakes to Celebrate /95 Reading 37 Standing on Top of the World /97 Reading 38 Modern Gypsies /99 Reading 39 The War of Currents / 101 Reading 40 A Smart, Strong Leader / 103 Reading Speed Chart” Wate@ Write the phrases under the right pictures. a spa visit a coconut cake alittle snack an orchestra concert arecipebook a publicpatk home entertainment some yogurt Ina kitchen: For relaxing: Chapter t:Leisure 9QB Which sentences do you think are true? Put a check (7) in the box. 1. [] Agood place to forage for coconuts is on the beach by the sea. 2. Cy The first culture with public spas lived in North ‘America. 3, C1 Anorchestra must have at least fifty musicians in it. 4, [CJ Actually, Rob and Bob are both short forms of the name Robert. 5. C) Some people's bodies can't process ice crear or cheese wel since these foods have milk in them. oe Work with a classmate. How often has he or she done the following things? Quite Often Once or Twice Never 1, listened to a live orchestra i Oo ao 2. cooked a recipe that called for coconut oO a oO 3. enjoyed eating foods from other cultures. [1) oO 0 4, had a massage at a spa Oo a a 5, sang karaoke without a microphone ‘o o oO Q Fill in the blanks with words from the box to make common phrases. coconut culture least orchestra public secret snack spa treasure yogurt 1. ahealthy 6a hunt 2a place Za shell 3. arelaxing 8. aforeign 4. asymphony 9, at 5. frozen 10, my mother’s recipe Perron koa Study these words that you will find in the readings for this chapter. Asia China Daisuke Inoue | English Greece Italy japan/Japanese Korea/Korean_| Roman [Turkey ] 10 Chapter 1: LeisureProbably you grew up with a stop-snacking mom, That is a mom who tells her kids +that snacks are bad. They will make you fat. They will hurt your teeth. Well, Mom may be right about most things, but she isn’t right about all snacks. There is actually a healthy way to snack. In fact, snacking the right way can keep you healthier! The right snacks can keep you from eating too much at dinner and keep you from getting fat. The first rule about snacking is to make your own, Don't buy snacks that are already wrapped and sold in stores. Most of those snacks have too much sugar and salt in them. The second rule about snacking is to eat things that take longer for your body to process. Things like bread and crackers are processed quickly by your body. Have some cheese or yogurt to go along with some bread, and you've got a winning snack. The third rule about snacking is to remember water. Especially when you are working, it is easy to mistake being tired for being hungry. And you might not really be hungry at all. Your body might just be trying to tell you to drink some water. Have a bottle of water before you pull out another snack. That might be all you really need, With one or two snack breaks during your day, you will > probably find that you eat less at lunch and dinner. Smaller meals will help you cut down the amount of food you eat during your day. And eating less is a great way to start losing weight. Sorry about that, Mom. Word Count 275 words Gum Reading 1: Snack Rules 11CU Une Circle the right answer. 1. This reading is about ‘a. good ways to snack. b. how much kids eat. c. why snacks are bad. . Who does the writer say gives us the wrong information about snacks? a. Moms b. Schools c. The government . The writer says that snacks should a. be one small food item. b. have more salt than sugar. c. not come from stores. . Which of the following is NOT mentioned by the writer? a. Bread b, Nuts c. Cheese . One thing that the writer suggests is a. drinking water. bb. eating two meals. . sleeping more. eer Marae Choose the right answer for each question. |. What will too many snacks probably do? Lose weight Make you fat ,. What does snacking the right way make you? Healthier ‘Wrapped . What do store snacks have too much of? Sugar Yogurt . How might you feel if you are tired? Healthy Hungry . How can you cut down the amount you eat? More salt Smaller meals 12. Chapter 1: Leisureing-Together the Best Cooking can be a great hobby. After you have learned how to make some recipes, itis time to try something new! Putting different kinds of cooking together is a fun way to make new and interesting dishes. This kind of cooking makes new recipes using parts of old recipes. This idea has a long history. A long time ago, people who lived in one place usually cooked the same kinds of foods. They ate the same kinds of foods as their friends and families because those foods were easy to find or make. Since people did not move much from one place to another, these foods became part of the culture of a town, city, or country. Now, people move a lot. When they move from their homes to other countries, they bring their recipes with them. They mix together the tastes from their old recipes with the tastes from the new place, You do not have to move to new places to have fun with new kinds of food! important to think about how different You can use any recipe you want. But foods taste, Do you like ice cream? Ice cream is very sweet and it is easy to make in an ice cream maker. Green tea is tasty and can be used in many recipes. You can make green tea ice cream as a cool snack. But you do not need to stop with green tea and ice cream. You can make a meat recipe, too. If you like coconut milk, you can try making a delicious sauce for meat. (Or, you can always make ix» coconut ice cream! It's delicious.) Word Count 275 words Reading 2: Putting Together the Best 13,eT UUs ely Circle the right answer. 1, This reading is about a, what green tea does to ice cream. b. mixing different kinds of recipes. ¢. a fun way to learn recipes from other cultures. The writer says that when learning to cook this way, be sure to ‘a, use old recipes that your friends like. b. only make sweet foods. . think about how different foods taste. . Which of the following is NOT mentioned about making new foods when cooking? a. [thas a long history. b. People moved and took their recipes with them. C. Most of the recipes use green tea. . The cooking described in the reading uses a. recipes to make something hot. b, parts of recipes from different places. ¢. anice cream maker for the recipes. . According to the writer, what can you make with coconut milk? a. Akind of tea or some ice cream b. Meat sauce or a treat c. Ice cream or cheese ie Maca le Circle the right word. Some people enjoy cooking asa 1. (hobby / sauce). They may lke to try new 2. (coconuts / recipes) or even mix old ones with new ones. They can make interesting and delicious new 3. dishes / towns) in this way. Some people even mix tastes from different 4, cultures / rules) to make new foods. n this way, we now have such tasty 5, meats / snacks) as green tea ice cream. 14 Chapter 1: Leisurea : Karaoke has been popular in Asia for a long time now. But these days, people in the West are learning to love karaoke. Karaoke has been around since the 1970s. Karaoke is formed froma Japanese word and an English word, The Japanese word is kara, which means empty. The English word is orchestra, An orchestra is a group of musicians who play music together. In the Japanese language, the word orchestra is pronounced “okesutora.” Later, the word was shortened to “oke.” The karaoke machine as we know it today came from a machine invented in Japan. The Japanese often enjoy some type of musical c entertainment at their dinners or parties. Before the invention of the“ karaoke machine, a musician would be paid to play music. People would then sing along with the music. One of these musicians was a man named Daisuke Inoue. Inoue's music became very popular. He had to go to a lot of parties to play for the guests. People asked him for recordings of his music so they could take them home with them. That gave Inoue an idea. He made a machine that people could put money into and sing along with his recordings. These machines were very popular. Inoue made money from restaurants and hotels that used his machines. Inoue was happy because he didn’t have to go to so many parties anymore. Karaoke machines later came to be used everywhere. In fact, the cost is now so low that almost any home can have one. Karaoke is great for people of all ages. And with the machine anda little karaoke music, anybody can be a star. a Word Count 275 words Reading 3:The Empty Orchestra 15(en utara k eel Circle the right answer. 1. This reading is about a. popular singers. 'b. orchestra music. c. how karaoke began. . Where has karaoke been popular for the longest time? a. America b. Asia . Italy . Which two languages are used to form “karaoke”? a. Japanese and English b. Chinese and Japanese c. English and Korean |. Which of these is NOT true of Daisuke Inoue? a, He was a popular singer in Japan. b. He played music for parties. c. His machine was used by hotels and restaurants. .. Why did Inoue make a music machine? a. He wanted to be rich. b, People wanted recordings of his music. . Hotels and restaurants were not popular. eMart Choose the right answer for each question. | What does the Japanese word kara mean in English? Empty Orchestra Where was the first karaoke machine invented? Canada Japan . What was a job that Daisuke Inoue had? Movie Star Musician |. What word describes Inoue's recordings? Popular Tired "Where can low-cost karaoke machines be found today? Inhlomes__——_ In recipes 16 Chapter 1: LeisureDo you enjoy walking in nature? Do you like learning about trees and plants? You may like foraging! Foraging is a lot like a treasure hunt. You look around in places like forests and lakes to find different kinds of plants that you can eat. Foraging is a lot of fun! When you walk in the woods, you can find many kinds of plants. Some of these plants are dangerous. Some of them are good to eat. You can spend many relaxing hours walking around in the wild looking for good plants to eat. While foraging is a lot of fun, you still have to be careful. It is exciting and challenging to find plants that you can eat, but do not eat them until you are very sure of what they are. Before you go foraging, take a class about it. Learn how the different kinds of plants that you can eat look in the wild. Practice finding them with your foraging teacher. Then join a group of foragers. Look for plants together. Never eat anything until you are 100% sure of what it is. Some people have become sick by accident because they ate a wild plant that was dangerous. Foragers follow some important rules. They do not gather all of the plants in one area. If you take all the plants from one area, no more will grow there. Do not look for wild plants in areas where there are a lot of cars, like by a road or parking lot. If the area is very dirty, the plants there will not be good to eat and may make you very sick. - Word Count 275 words Com Reading 4: Enjoy Nature with Foraging! 17Comprehension Questions Circle the right answer. 1. This reading is about a. joining a foraging group. b. looking for wild plants to use as food. . learning how to find plants by roads. . The writer says a. foraging can be dangerous. b. foraging is never easy. ¢. foraging is very tiring. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as something to do before foraging? a, Taking a class b, Joining a group . Walking in the mountains |. The writer says that eating plants beside the road a. can be bad for you. b. can make foraging easier. c. can keep forest plants safe. ;. You should be 100% sure of what a plant is before a. you join a foraging group. bb. you ask the teacher to help you. c. you decide to eat it. iaur array Circle the right word. Foraging is like hunting for 1. (lakes / treasure) in nature. Walking around in the wild woods as you forage can be fun and 2. (careful / relaxing). But watch out for plants that are 3. (challenging / dangerous) to eat. If you eat such a plant by 4, (accident / forests), you might get sick. Another rule about foraging is not to gather all the plants in one place. Also, don't look for plants in dirty 5. (areas / inventions) by roads. 18 Chapter 1: LeisureIn the past, public bath houses were places where people would go to clean themselves. Today, it may seem strange for someone to wash with others outside their home. However, in the past, most houses did not have baths in the home. Public bath houses were the only choice. Actually, they were not just a place to wash, but also to meet with others and relax as well. The earliest public bath house is thought to have been in India over 4,000 years ago. From that time, many cultures have used public bath houses. In ancient Greece, the public bath houses included areas for washing, a common pool for relaxing, and areas for exercise. The Romans also had public bath houses. Some even included game rooms, gardens, and libraries! Public bath houses are still around today. Countries such as Turkey, Japan, China, Hungary, and Italy still have them, but in different forms. The Korean public bath houses have the traditional areas for washing, steam rooms, and massages. However, they have taken it to the next level. Many large public bath houses in Korea are open 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Almost all of them have internet rooms, snack bars, and places for sleeping on heated floors and relaxing in front of large TVs. In countries such as the US and the UK, places like these are called spas, not public bath houses. People visit these spas to relax as one would at a bath house, Though public bath houses may seem like a strange idea, it’s an experience you might want to try if you can. They are a lot of fun. 4 Word Count 275 words Reading 5: Public Bath Houses 19en ums an Circle the right answer. 1, This reading is about a. features of early public bath houses. b. why public bath houses were built. c. how public bath houses have changed. The writer says that public bath houses were first built because fa. they saved water and time. b. homes did not have bathing rooms. c. itis healthier to wash in groups. The writer says that public bath houses with libraries were found in a. very large homes. b. ancient Rome, . 24-hour spas. |. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as part ‘of a Korean bath house? a. Aninternet room b. Asnack bar c. Awater park . Public bath houses in the UK are similar to a. water parks. b. spas. c. swimming pools. recat Choose the right answer for each question. |. What did homes in the past not have? Baths Where probably was the earliest public bath house? India . What area might you find in. ancient Greek bath houses? Exercise areas . What did some Roman bath houses include? Libraries "What form do bath houses in the US and UK usually take? Cold pools 20 Chapter 1: Leisure1. face muscles | ~~ 4, the top of the backbone 5, abone to protect 'e bral Chapter 2: The Body 21eB Write the right word in each blank. ye wn alive among control cookies headaches material muscles pain replaces sugar Our brains _ the things inside of us that keep us “The heart is the hardest working muscle allofthe___ of the body. Some will cause people tofeel___behind their eyes. The soft white in bones _ red blood cells. Sweet foods like __—=—=—_ihavealotof___inthem. se Work with a classmate. Write two ideas for each topic below. 2g 22 1. Body parts that don’t feel much pain: 2. Good medicine for headaches: ———— 3, Things that are not alive: 4, Body parts that people replace: 5, Material that is OK to wear over skin: Look at each list of words. Circle the word that does not belong in each list. Why doesn’t it belong? 1, headache hurt pain smile 2. apples candy cookies ice cream 3. backbone blood cells heat. muscles 4, alive breathing manmade living 5. among of down within Chapter 2: The Body2» Dey tees reco ries ‘Many things we eat have some natural sugar in them. But extra sugar is often put into foods we buy. Sugar is delicious, but added sugar is not good for you. Doctors say it can have bad effects on your body by making you gain weight. But there are other bad effects from eating a lot of sugar as well. Added sugar can make it hard to think. It can give you a headache. Sugar can make you become ill It can also cause problems for your heart, Do you feel tired a lot? It could be that you are eating too much sugar. Foods like cookies, cakes, and drinks have lots of added sugar. Even foods we think are good for us, like yogurt, can also have added sugar. In many countries, food makers have to say how much sugar is in their food. This is so that people can decide if they want to buy that kind of food or choose one with much less sugar. For example, some breakfast foods contain lots of sugar while others have much less. Some fruit drinks have lots of sugar added to them. Other fruit drinks have much less sugar and still taste good. ‘What if you really ike sugar? You can make small changes in what you eat and cut out the sugar slowly. If you like candy, you can eat apples, strawberries, or pears. These are all sweet, but they will not make you sick. If you like yogurt, buy yogurt that has no sugar or very litle sugar. You can put strawberries or some other fruit in the yogurt to make it sweet. Gm Word Count 275 wordsComprehension Questions Circle the right answer. 1. This reading is about ‘a. people who eat the most sugar. b, doctors’ ideas about sugar and food with sugar. ‘c. what sugar does and how to eat less suger. . The writer says a, too much sugar can make you ill b, more sugar should be added to food. c. too much sugar is a problem for doctors. . Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a food with added sugar? a. Yogurt b, Strawberries c. Fruit drinks | The writer says that if you like candy, you should a, eat yogurt. b. eat fruit. «. eat cakes. . Too much sugar can a, make you hungry. b. cause your bones to break. . give youa headache. Extra Practice Choose the right word. Sweet drinks and cookies are not good for you because they have extra 1. (fruit / sugat) in them. Too much sugar can make you fat, and give you a 2 (breakfast / headache). Even worse, it can make you il or cause problems for your heart. Even foods we think are healthy, like 3. (pools / yogurt), can have extra sugar in them. Some sweet foods do not 4. (contain / relax) added sugar, so ‘these are better for you. Choose to eat foods like apples and pears the next time you feel ike having some 5. (candy / sauce). 24 Chapter 2: The Body‘A smile shows that a person is happy. For example, a person may smile when he or she is pleased with a grade on a test. Or a person might smile if a friend told a funny joke. People smile for many different reasons. But smiles are more than just a way for people to show that they are happy. There are other good reasons to smile often. 5 First, itis easier to smile than to show unhappiness. In fact, it only takes 17 muscles to smile, On the other hand, it takes 43 muscles to show unhappiness. So give the muscles in your face a rest and smile! Second, smiles are nice. People may try to look nice on the outside by exercising or wearing nice clothes. However, there is a famous saying: a smile is the best thing a © person can wear, That is because itis easy to be around someone who is smiling and happy. Almost no one wants to be around someone who is unhappy all the time. Third, smiles have power. Both smiling and laughing can easily and quickly spread from one person to another. If one person smiles, people around him or her want to smile, too, Similarly, when a person laughs, people tend to laugh with them. {fa person is sad, the best thing to do is share a smile or laugh. It is the easiest (and cheapest) way to cheer someone up. Finally, smiling and laughing are very good for the body. Even if you are mad or sad, try smiling, You'll find that it will be hard to stay mad or sad for very long! Word Count 275 words Reading 7:The Power of Smiling 25err Suu Mee Codd Circle the right answer. 1. This reading is about a. the different ways people smile, b. how to make someone smile. c. the importance of smiling. The writer says that a. ittakes more muscles to smile than to frown. b. it takes more muscles to frown than to smile. . itttakes the same amount of muscles to smile and frown. . The saying goes: “A smile is the best thing a person can a. have.” b, do.” c. wear.” The writer thinks the best way to cheer people up is a. to buy thema gift. b. to share a smile or a laugh. c. togive them a good grade. |. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a reason to smile? a. It looks nice. b, Itis easy. <. Itis quiet. Cz ara Choose the right answer for each question. |. What does a smile show? Happiness Unhappiness .. What is a funny thing to say? Agrade Ajoke . Which takes more muscles to make? Ahappyface An unhappy face |. What do others tend to do when someone laughs? —_ Exercise Laugh . What is a cheap way to cheer up others? Shop Smile 26 Chapter 2: The Body20 What is the reason for pain? Pain hurts us, but could it be good for us? Is pain in fact helpful? Pain is the body's way S to tell us that something is wrong so that we stop what we are doing to protect the body. For example, if you break your leg, pain stops you from walking on it. If you didn’t feel any pain, you would continue walking around and you could hurt your leg more. But why does it continue to hurt even after you have stopped walking on your hurt leg? That is because your body needs you to rest in order to have the energy to mend the broken bone. But how does pain work? We have special cells in our skin, our eyes, and inside our bodies, too. When something goes wrong, these cells send messages to the brain. The brain then makes us feel pain so we will stop doing whatever is causing the pain, Put your hand on a hot pan, and your hand's skin cells tell your muscles and your brain. Your muscles are able to quickly move your hand away from the heat. At the same time, your brain gets the message that something is wrong and you need to care for your hand, It all happens in less than a second. But did you know that the brain itself cannot feel pain? In fact, when doctors cut into the brain, they do not put the person to sleep. Because the person does not feel any pain in the brain, it is thought to be much safer if the person is awake while the doctor works. a Word Count 275 words Reading 8: Brain Pain 27(er scieueou nel ceed Circle the right answer. 1. This reading is about a, how doctors work on the brain. b, how the body protects itself c. how the brain moves our bodies. What, according to the reading, is the main purpose of pain? a, Itmakes us change what we're doing so we don't do more damage to the body. b, It teaches us about the way our bodies move and grow. «© Ittells doctors about problems with the body so that they can fix them. What is NOT mentioned as a good thing that pain might make a person do? a. Move the body b. Rest c. Make some noise |. What would likely happen to people who can't feel pain? a. They would get hurt more often. b. They would not be afraid of falling. c. Their lives would be easier. Why is it OK for a person not to sleep while a doctor works on his or her brain? a, Because a person needs to talk to the doctor bb, Because the brain does not feel pain ¢. Because people feel more pain when sleeping Ct Extra Practice Choose the right word. When we feel 1. (pain / safe), our body is telling us something. 2. (Cells / Pans) in cour skin tell our brains that something hurts. Your body is saying you should not 3. (continue / taste) to do what is causing the pain. By stopping and resting, our bodies ean 4 (mend / share) what is hurt or broken. An interesting thing about the 5. (brain / muscle) is that it cannot feel pain even when itis cut by doctors. (28 Chapter 2: The BodyThere is an interesting part of your body. It is always dying, and it is replaced every 28 days. Everywhere you go, you leave tiny pieces of it on the ground or the floor. Itis the largest part of your body. It is your skin. When we think of parts of the human body, we usually think of the heart or the brain. But the skin is also a part of your body. in fact, it makes up about 15% of your body weight and covers an area of about two square meters. The skin is always replacing itself. Dead skin cells are always falling off your body. In fact, scientists say | | that half of the dirt in your house is made up of dead | skin, But your skin does not just make you look pretty or old, It does some very important things. an The skin protects your body. Your skin is a ae J a Wig covering for the inside parts. It also works hard to 5 keep your body warm or cool. Tiny holes in the skin can open or close to help control body heat. Your skin is also a “feeler” for your body. It feels touch or pain. Parts of cells that feel touch are connected to the brain. When you touch something, your brain decides what to do and then tells your muscles. But the parts that feel pain are connected straight to muscles. If these feel sudden pain, they tell the muscles to move quickly, The muscles don’t need the brain to tell them to jump. Because of all the things the skin does, it truly is an amazing part of your body. Gum Word Count 275 words Reading 9: An Amazing Part ofthe Body 29(erm uuu ne ly Circle the right answer. 1. This reading is about a. parts inside your body. b. the skin on your body. . your brain and your blood. . According to the reading, your skin is a. always dying and being replaced. b. changing shape every day. c. made up of many muscles. . Which of the following is NOT true about skin? 1. It makes up about 15% of your body. b, Ithelps to keep your body cool or warm. c. Ithas only one type of cell. . Scientists say that skin ‘a. makes up about half the dirt in your house. . covers an area of about twenty square meters. c. is the part of your body that needs the most care. . When nerves in the skin feel pain, they a. quickly move away from your skin. b. quickly tell the muscles. . quickly become larger with help from the brain. ste Mar rate Choose the right answer for each question. |. What part of the body is replaced after it dies? Thebrain —Theskin . How much of your body weight is your skin? 15% |. What is half of the dirt in a house made up of? Blood cells ‘What job does skin do for the body? Breaks it Protects it . What are some “feeler” skin cells connected to? Holes Muscles 30 Chapter 2: The BodyWe don't normally see our bones, so we probably don't think about them much. But your bones help your body in important ways: by supporting it, shaping it, protecting it, and helping it to move. There are more than two hundred bones in your body, and all of these bones shave important jobs. One group of bones holds your body up. Among these bones are the leg bones and the backbone, Without these bones, you would not be able to stand or sit up. The shoulder bones and the bones in your upper body give your body its shape. These bones are not just there to shape you; they help to keep you alive. They do this by protecting the heart and other parts of the body that are contained within them, Without these bones, these body parts could be easily hurt. The bone in your head does the same thing for the brain. Its strong, and it keeps your brain from being hurt easily. And the bones in your body, of course, help you to move and do things. | _ Muscles in your body give you the power to move, but without the bones in your arms, legs, hands, and feet, your muscles would be of no use to you. Your bones also help your body in another very important and surprising way. The center of some bones contains a soft, white material. It isin this material that new red blood cells are made. Red blood cells, of course, are very important for keeping us alive. All of these things that the bones do make them truly amazing parts of the human body. a Word Count 275 words Reading 10: All Those Bones 31Comprehension Coated Circle the right answer. 1. This reading is about a. how blood is made. b. how bones work. cc. how muscles work. 2. The writer says that a. material in bones makes blood cells. b, muscles have bone cells in them. . all bones have the same job. 3, Which of the following is NOT a job of bones? a. To support the body b. To protect the body c. To help us to run fast 4, Which bones protect parts of our bodies? | a. The backbones and leg bones b. The hand bones c. The shoulder bones 5, Ifa person has a low number of red blood cells, what might be the cause? a. Aproblem inside some bones b. A problem with keeping body shape Gt c. Aproblem with the muscles Extra Practice Circle the right word. The 1. (bones / cells) of the human body support, shape, and protect it. 2, (Among / Within) the bones that hold up the body are the leg bones and backbone. Shoulder bones and bones of the upper.body give our bodies 3. (material/shape). | Bones such as the one in a person's head 4. (add / protect) important parts of the body. The head bone protects person's 5. (brain / center). 32 Chapter 2: The Bodya. atoilet b. an artist working with clay . afive-star rating d.a famous work of art worth millions e, awoman in jail f, many sculptures g. things of no value * { h. a statue in front ofa palace : = * = 8 s Chapter3: Art 33(Gp Read the definitions. Then write the right words from the box in the blanks. jail corn million rate sculpture worthless . a vegetable that people eat: . 1,000,000: . to say how good or bad something is: . a place to keep people who break the law: . having little or no value: . awork of art like a statu e Survey your classmates. Write the name of one person who knows. . . 1... the name of an artist who spent time in jail. . where to find the Christ the Redeemer statue. . amuseum where many valuable works of art are kept. 2 3. ...a country that grows a lot of corn. 4 5 in which city the Grand Palace in Thailand can be found. {© Match the words that have similar meanings. bathroom clay millions painter palace prison sculpture worth 1. artist — 3. mud — 5, statue — __ 7. toilet— 2. lots— 4, jail — 6.valuie— 8. castle —_ Deru en ka Study these words that you will find in the readings for this chapter. Avanos, Turkey Barney Smith Beijing | Buddha Christ the Redeemer | Corcovado Mountain | {Europe | [France Jackson Pollock Leonardo da Vinci London | Louvre ‘Mona Lisa New York City (Paris [[Rio de janeiro, Brazil ‘San Antonio, Texas || South Dakota || The British Museum |[ Vincenzo Perugia 34 Chapter 3: Artif you had one million dollars to spend, would you buy a famous painting or sculpture? Most people would not think of buying art. They think of art as something that cannot be used. Many people enjoy looking at pieces of art, but there are not, many people who would pay a lot of money for art. Maybe this is why some people are surprised when a piece of art sells for a lot of money. Why are some art pieces so expensive? Who decides how much art is worth anyway? Works by famous artists, such as Monet or Picasso, are worth a lot of money. But the value may go up or down based on if a work is real and how common itis. For artists who may be new oF not so well-known, the value of their art may go up or down based on an art, expert's opinion of it. However, sometimes the value of art does not follow rules. For example, Jackson Pollock is best known for his paintings that look like paint was thrown on a wall. Still, his paintings sell for millions. Another artist's photograph of a simple, brown potato sold for more than a million dollars. These are examples of when the value given to a piece of art may confuse some. In the end, the value of a piece of art depends on each person. What may be worthless to one person may be very valuable to another. In the end, the buyer decides the worth of a piece of art. The value of a piece of art just becomes the price someone pays for it. a Word Count 275 words Reading 11: The Value of Art 35esr ium od Circle the right answer. 1. This reading is about a. howan artist becomes famous. b. how to get lots of money making art. c. how the value of art is decided. . The writer says that art is a. personal. b. beautiful. c. worthless. Which of the following is NOT a way the writer says the value of art might be decided? a. How popular or not the artist is b. Anart expert's opinion ¢. Things used to make the work of art |. What is Jackson Pollock best known for? a. His expert opinion b. His photographs . His paintings |. The writer says that in the end how much value a work of art has comes from a. how many of the works can be found, b. how much the buyer is willing to pay for it. c. how big the work of art is. CGzn Lena ra es Choose the right answer for each question. |. What gives some works of art more value? The artist The age . Who is a famous artist? Pablo Picasso Pablo Smith How much might a work by Pollock be worth? Millions Not much . What did one photograph worth millions show? Abone Apotato In the end, who decides the value of a piece of art? The artist The buyer 36 Chapter 3: ArtOne of the world’s most famous paintings is the Mona Lisa, by the Italian painter Leonardo da Vinci. Many people think it is the greatest piece of art of all time. People like it because the woman in it has an interesting smile. Today, people can view the Mona Lisa by visiting the Louvre art museum in France. It is there for all to see. In the early 1900s, there was a man named Vincenzo Perugia from Italy. He thought that because the piece of art was from Italy, it should be returned to Italy. So he decided to steal it. First, he got a job with the museum. He was part of a group that was given the job of protecting the painting behind glass. Ten months later, he visited the Louvre. At closing time, he hid in the museum while everyone left. First, he took the whole painting in its frame. Then he cut the painting out of its frame. Finally, he was ready to leave the museum before it opened. He left the museum with the painting without anyone noticing. When workers arrived at the museum, they were not worried about the missing painting. They thought that someone had probably taken it to get cleaned. But later in the day, they found out that the painting was not to be cleaned that day. They searched the museum but did not find it. Police began looking all over the world. It was two years before they caught Perugia. He was trying to sell the painting in Italy for $100,000. He was sent to jail, and the painting was then returned to the Louvre. a Word Count 275 words Reading 12: Stealing the Mona Lisa 37Comprehension Questions Circle the right answer. 1, This reading is about a. how one man stole a famous painting from a museum b. how one man returned a stolen painting to its owner. c. how one man saved a famous painting from being stolen. Why, according to the reading, do people like the Mona Lisa? a, Because it is so life-like b, Because of the colors used by the artist c. Because of the woman's smile How did the thief get to the painting? a, He went to the museum and did not leave at closing time. b. He worked as a person who cleaned old paintings. . He broke in through a window near the painting. Why did the thief want to steal the painting? a. He needed money to feed his family. b. He believed the painting belonged in Italy. c. He thought da Vinci's family should have the painting, . How was the thief caught? a. He left something with his name on it. b. He tried to sell the painting. c. Police were waiting outside the museum, rN aea e Choose the right word. The Mona Lisa is a 1. (famous / whole) painting in the Louvre museum in France. In the early 1900s, a man from Italy stole this work of art. He got a job with the 2, (museum / opinion) protecting the painting, After the museum closed, he took the painting and its 3. (frame / photograph) off the wall, He left in the morning without anyone 4. (confusing / noticing) him. The police searched for two years before they found the man and the Mona Lisa. He went to 5. (jail / smile), and the painting went back to the Louvre. 38 Chapter 3: ArtEntrance ) | | Art museums can be found in most large cities. However, certain cities have a lot more very popular art museums than other places. Art museums do not have ratings the way fine hotels or restaurants do. But we can compare museums by the number of yearly visitors in order to rate them. In one such comparison done in 2014, only art museums having one million visitors or more were included. Starting in the US, New York City has three top-rated museums. The Met had more than 6 million visitors for the year. That total, added to the total of the other two museums, gave New York City 10.5 million visitors in 2014, Next on the list, with just two of the city’s art museums bringing in more than one million visitors, is Beijing, China. The museum inside the largest palace in Beijing had 14 million visitors for the year. The total number of visitors to Beijing's two art museums was about 15 million. Europe had the greatest number of top-rated art museums. Paris had five of those museums. The Louvre, with many world famous works of art in it, had more than 9 million visitors. The total number of visitors to the top five art museums in Paris was a little more than 19 million. The city with the most top-rated art museums was London, with nine. The British Museum alone had almost 7 million visitors in 2014. The total of all nine museums in London was 29 million visitors. You can find great art anywhere. But if you really want to have the greatest choice of museums, London is the place to go. Gm Word Count 275 words Reading 13: The Best Art Cities 39Ol cs elie Circle the right answer. |. This reading is about a, cities with the most artists. b. cities with popular art museums. . cities with the best art. . To find out which city had the highest number of top art museums, the writer used a. ratings by an art expert. b. total number of visitors. c. number of people in the city. .. Which of the following was NOT included in the rating? a. Museums with more than one million visitors b. Visitor totals from the year 2014 ¢. The total value of all of the works in a museum |. The city with the least number of top-rated art museums was a, London. b, Paris, c. Beijing. According to the article, London a. had good museums for history but not art. b. had the highest total of top museums. c. had works of art that could be seen in Paris as well. ewer ail Choose the right answer for each question. |. What was used to compare famous art museums? Art value Visitors | Which city in China had the most visitors to its art museums? Beijing ___- Hong Kong . Which top-rated New York museum had the most visitors? The Louvre The Met . How many top-rated art museums did Paris have? Five Millions . Which city had more top-rated art museums than Paris? London Toronto AO chapter 3: ArtOm a haya ee Artis usually thought of as a painting or sculpture. It may be nice to look at or it may tell a story. When people want to see examples of great art, they will usually go to an art museum. In the city of Avanos in Turkey, there is a museum that is now famous for its s hair—human hair! This museum’s walls are covered with hair. Each person who. visits is invited to leave some hair for the museum's walls. There have been so many visitors that the museum thinks 16,000 people have left hair that now covers the walls, It is quite a hairy thing to see, Art? Maybe. Interesting? Very. In South Dakota in the US, the Corn Palace is interesting to see. The building 1 itself is not a museum, and it does not hold any art inside. However, the outside of | the building is covered from top to bottom in art created with corn! In San Antonio, Texas, a man named Barney Smith started a museum of toilet seat art. Smith fixed toilets for many years. When one person wanted to throw 50 old toilet seats away, Smith had an idea to paint them. Since then, he has created %* more than 1,100 pieces of art using toilet seats. These are just a few examples of strange art. If you can imagine it, somebody has probably made art from it. As you can tell, what is art to some may not be art to others. What is not art to some may be art to others. ‘ So don't be surprised if you walk into a museum and see some very strange art! 2» ng, Word Count 275 words Reading 14:|s it Art? 41esau ec ad Circle the right answer. 1. This reading is about a. artin strange places. b, strange art. c. using strange items to paint. The writer says that the museum in Avanos, Turkey displays a. art that uses toilet seats. b. different kinds of com . walls covered in hair. . A place in South Dakota has a. over 16,000 visitors a year. b. a building decorated with vegetable art. . many strange works of art inside of it. . Barney Smith, the man who started a museum in San Antonio, Texas, paints on a. paper. b, toilet seats. <. buildings. . When you visit a museum, you should not be surprised if you find a. people fixing toilets. b, some strange works of art. c. millions of visitors inside, Gn eae a Choose the right word. Usually people think of paintings or 1. (sculptures / sticks) when they think of art. But some 2. (lists / museums) have strange works of art for people to see. An art museum in Turkey has 3. (frames / walls) of hair for visitors to see. In the US, one museum has a palace made of 4. (com / potatoes), and another has lots of works made from 5. (jall/ toilet) seats! 42 Chapter 3: ArtGiant Sculptures Sculptures are 3D pieces of art made from things such as metal, clay, or stone. Thus, they usually last longer than other pieces of art. Though a sculpture can show anything, the largest sculptures show people. These sculptures are called statues. Most statues represent religious figures or leaders of a country. In this way, they are symbols of culture and history. Interestingly, most of the tallest statues in the world are of Buddha. In fact, the tallest statue in the world is the Spring Temple Buddha statue in China. It is 420 feet (130 meters) tall. That's about the height of a building with 42 levels! The statue weighs about 7,000 tons (900,000 kilograms). Because of its giant size and weight, it took about 11 years and cost about $55 million to make. The statue was completed in 2008. In Rio De Janeiro, Brazil, which held the 2016 Summer Olympics, you can find the statue Christ the Redeemer. At 98 feet (30 meters) tall, itis much shorter than the Spring Temple Buddha. However, the statue was built at the top of Corcovado Mountain. So, the statue itself is more than 2,300 feet (700 meters) above the city. In 2007, more than 100 million people around the world voted it to be one of the new Seven Wonders of the World. Can a building such as a hotel be a work of art? A building is not a sculpture, but some buildings look like sculptures. They have beautiful and interesting shapes, and people enjoy looking at them because of that. No matter the person or the object represented, giant sculptures are surprising pieces of art! Gm Wordcount swore Reading 15:Giant Sculptures 43Ce unum ered Circle the right answer. 1. This reading is about a. different types of art. b. large works of art. c. how to build a statue. . The writer says that sculptures are pieces of art that a, only show people. b, are 3D. c. can bea building. . According to the reading, which is NOT something that sculptures are made of? a. Metal b. Clay . Sand |. A sculpture of a person is also called a a. statue. b. palace. c. temple. 3. What is the tallest sculpture in the world? a. An Olympic statue b. Astatue of Christ . Astatue of Buddha Extra Practice Choose the right answer for each question. |. What are large sculptures of people usually called? Statues Walls . Who are most of the world’s statues of? Buddha Shakespeare . How talll is the Spring Temple Buddha statue? Bm 130m |. Where can Christ the Redeemer be seen? Inamuseum — Onamountain 3. Which would not be called a sculpture? Agiant object A tall building 44 Chapter 3: art| @ ‘Write the right word in each blank. Two words will NOT be used. | certain general happiness instance motivation relationship reward whether People who lose 1 to work out problems with a partner will feel less 2 in the 3. __over time. Jennifer's purpose in working hard is to4. herself later with a vacation. For 5. last summer she traveled to 6. parts of England that she had always wanted to see, Chapter 4: Psychology 45,QB Connect the parts to make correct sentences. Ingeneral,mentend + > areward that + ghosts in them. . People feel happiness - «certain places have + it'stime or money. . Ifyou think your job + isimportant, youwill - + goals toreach. + to think about + when giving, whether + . Some people believe - = motivates all people. ;, Money is not + work with purpose. e Work in groups with your classmates. Can you think of examples for all of the topics listed below? Share your ideas with the class. Certain relationships Things that are not that are often food, but people difficult: may eat them: Things that people tend to be afraid of: ‘Types of rewards ‘and whether they motivate you or not: QB Label each phrase as “1” for Thought or “A” for Action. 1. ____ speak with others 2 feel motivated 3. tend to believe 4, 5. give money 6. ___ understand the purpose of a job 7 hope a relationship goes well know whether something is good ornot 8. ___ smile to show happiness Derr ikon ‘study these words that you will find in the readings for this chapter. Airica/African | [Greek | [Pica 46 Chapter 4: Psychologyjob ‘Men and women do things differently. Scientists want to understand why. They have found some interesting things about the brains of men and women. In general, women’s brains tend to let them see and remember more things. This means that women tend to remember the smells, sounds, and things they see around them. Men, on the other hand, tend to have brains that allow them to just think about the work they need to do. This ‘means that a man will think and work in a way doing one thing until it is completed. Each of these ways of thinking shapes the understanding men and women have of their lives. Women tend to see all parts of their lives as connected to each other. Men tend to see each part of their lives as a different piece of their lives. Women tend to want to talk about their problems so they can talk about their feelings. Men tend to want to talk about problems so they can find an answer to them. Both ways of seeing the world are useful for finding answers, Men and women work in different ways in teams. Women tend to share ideas and build good relation: s. Men tend to want to give everyone a certain job and make sure that everyone is working well. In general, women tend to think more about how things are getting done, Men tend to think of the goal and how to finish the work well, Men and women are different, but those differences are good. Both ways of thinking about 2 the world help answer questions, and both ways are Useful for solving difficult problems. 4 Word Count 275 words Reading 16: How Different Are Men and Women? 47(eT eu mel ely Circle the right answer. 1, This reading is about a. how men and women work together in teams. b. how men and women think about things. ¢. how men and women tend to remember things. . The writer says that women and men think in different ways a. but both ways can help solve problems. b. soit is better if teams have only men or only women. c. and these differences often lead to problems. . Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the reading? a. Women try to build relationships when they work on a team. b. Both men and women share their feelings when solving problems. c, Men's brains allow them to work on one job well and finish it. |. When men talk about problems, they usually a. give examples from their relationships. b. talk about how the problem makes them feel . want to just solve the problem. . When women work in teams, they usually a, think more about how things are getting done. b. give everyone a certain job so things get done. ¢. try to remember how things were done in the past. Gen eM aerate Choose the right word. Men’s and women's 1. (brains / objects) do not seem to work the same way. in 2. certain / general), women’s brains tend to let them see and remember more things, Women also think in ways to 3. (connect / motivate) all parts of their lives. Men’s brains 4. (allow / answer) them to just think about the work that they need to do. They think about their lives in different pieces. In teams, women tend to build 5. (relationships / sounds) while men tend to set goals for each person in order to finish work. 48 Chapter 4: PsychologyMany people might think that if they had more money, then they would be | happier in life. For instance, people might look at what others have, like expensive clothes or nice cars, and wish they could have the same. But the things that money can buy cannot bring happiness to a person for long. 5 But is that really true? Studies have found that money can, in fact, make people happier. But it’s not having money that brings happiness. Instead, it is giving money to others that makes people happy. It could be buying a present for a friend or family member. It could be buying a homeless person food to eat. It could be giving money to a person in need. Just think about the last time you used your own money to do something for someone else. How did you feel? Whether it is a small or large amount of money, people feel happier when they give. This is because making someone else happy makes the giver happy, too. This idea of connecting your happiness to the happiness of others is described as ubuntu in an African language. There is even a story about aman visiting Africa who asked some kids to race to a nearby tree. The first child to touch the tree would get a sweet treat. Surprisingly, all the children held hands and ran together. They all touched the tree at the same time. The man asked why they had done this. The children simply said they could only enjoy eating the treat if everyone had one. Clearly, those children understood that the key to happiness is making others happy. a Word Count 275 words Reading 17: The Key to Happiness 49 0.Cee ee Mel rely Circle the right answer. 1. This reading is about a. what makes people happy. b. why people need to be happy. . how much money you need to be happy. . The writer says that buying things a. is the key to happiness. b. may lead to happiness for a short time. c. can make people sad if they don't have enough: Ubuntu is the idea connecting one’s happiness to the happiness of others and is from a. Africa. b. Asia. . Australia, . Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way to use money to help others? a. Buying someone a meal b. Giving money to others . Putting money in a bank . The writer says that the key to happiness is a. making others happy. b. becoming rich and famous. . buying new things. Pte Mra sl4-} Choose the right answer for each question. |. What do many people think will make them happy? Brains . What can people do with money that will make them happy? Give it How does someone feel after giving something? Happy . In the story, what did the children get after the race? Money . How did the children run in the race? Holding hands In a wild wa 50 Chapter 4: PsychologyWhat MotivatessUs There are many things people do every day. For example, adults must go ‘to work. Children must go to school and do homework. And everyone must help around the house. There are times when we do not want to do these things. So, itis important to understand what motivates us. Some think money will motivate people. Others might think rewards are good, After all, people like money and rewards. However, these do not last. When the money or rewards go away, the motivation is gone, too. What is a good way to motivate people? Giving people a purpose works well, A purpose is one’s reason for doing things. An adult's purpose for working could be because he or she believes the job is important. It could be because working helps his or her family. In the same way, a student might study hard at school because he or she wants to get a certain job. A person who cannot find a purpose for a certain job will not want to do it. Second, people are motivated by feelings because feelings can be strong. For example, love will motivate parents to do things for their children. Being afraid of not getting a good grade may motivate a student to study. Happiness will motivate people to continue doing things that make them happy. If a person feels strongly about a job, he or she will be motivated to do that job. A student who likes to learn or enjoys a certain subject will be motivated to study hard. If we can motivate ourselves through purpose and feelings, then our jobs will be more fun and interesting. © Word Count 275 words Reading 18: What Motivates Us 517erin me ll iy Circle the right answer. 1, This reading is about a. how people are motivated to do things. b. how to motivate people to do what you want. c. how money is the best motivation. |. Which of the following is NOT a source of motivation mentioned in the reading? a. Having a purpose b, Making work easy . Worrying about bad results . The writer says that money is not a good motivation because a. people will always ask for more money. b, when the money is gone, the motivation also goes away. c. people do not need very much money. |. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a feeling that motivates people? a. Fear b. Happiness c. Surprise If people work hard because they know their job is important, they are motivated by a. reward. b. emotion. c. purpose. Gm rr arta te Choose the right word. ‘Adults and children both need 1. (grades / motivation) to do the work they need to do, One way to motivate people is with 2. (rewards / subjects). Another way to motivate people is to give them 3. (language / purpose) in their work. Feelings like love for others and 4. (differences / happiness) while working are also good motivations for people. People who have a clear purpose or the right feelings for a 5. (certain / worth) job will do better in the end. 52 Chapter 4: Psychology| Believe It! Do you think someone can tell you your future? Do you believe in ghosts? There are many strange things that people believe in. We know that people all over the world believed in the power to tell the future. The Greeks used to visit special people to find out what would happen in the future. They believed they could change their lives if they knew what would happen, But even today, some people still believe this. Thay think that there are people who can tell them about their future. Other people believe in ghosts. They think that there are ghosts who stay in certain places or do certain things to scare people, Why do people believe in these kinds of things? It might have to do with how our brains work. We like to see patterns and meaning in the world around us. There are many patterns to see, too, like how the seasons change and how night follows day. We then try tosee patterns of one thing following another in other things, too. When someone says. you will have a good day tomorrow, some people want to believe it. When nothing really bad happens the next day, some people may believe that the person was right. Sometimes, we feel good by believing in strange things, Because believing makes Us feel better about our lives, we do not think about the facts that go against that idea, Maybe that is why people will pay someone to tell them the future. For others, believing in ghosts makes them feel better. They may think that ghosts show that our lives still go on after we die. a Word Count 275 words Reading 19: Believe it! 53Cee ements Circle the right answer. 1. This reading is about a. what causes us to believe strange things. b, how people who can tell the future help us. c. afunny story about ghosts and telling the future. . The writer talks about the Greeks to show that a, telling the future has helped people for many years. b, abeliefin ghosts is normal and natural. , believing in strange things is not new. . Which of the following is NOT given as a reason why people believe strange things? a. People who tell the future say things that are not special. b. It makes people feel better about life. c. People like seeing patterns in life and the world. The writer says that some people believe in ghosts because a. it helps them to make better decisions about their lives. bb, they think it means that our lives go on after death. c. the belief allows them to visit women who tell the future. . According to the reading, people who want to believe in something sometimes a. look for ghosts in places close to where they live. b. spend day and night studying the change of seasons. c. do not think about the facts that go against the belief, Gm Lac Tera Choose the right answer for each question. What strange things do some people believe in? Ghosts Greeks What do ghosts in certain places do? Make wishes Scare people What is a pattern in nature that we can see? Homework The seasons Do people pay money to hear their future? No Yes . What do ghosts mean for some people? Tiny objects _Life after we die 54. Chapter 4: PsychologySometimes we suddenly feel like eating a certain food. Maybe you want a piece of chocolate to go with your coffee or chips when you are watching a movie. But some people want things that are not even food. They want to eat dirt or paper. Some people even want to eat glass. While you and | might be able to say no to chocolate or chips, the wish to eat things that are not food is really strong for some people. Even though they know the item could hurt them, they cannot help but eat it. This is called pica. A person is said to have pica if they want and eat non-foods for over one month. Young children often put things in their mouths and might eat them. This is because at their age, they are learning about the world. There are some places in the world where eating non-foods is a tradition. For example, in some areas of Africa, women eat a kind of dirt. That would not be called pica because it is a tradition. Pica can cause problems for health, People might have to see a doctor to have non-food objects taken out, or they may be poisoned. If the thing a person eats contains something bad, it can cause problems for the brain. Eating dirt can make People sick because there may be small bugs in the dirt. Those bugs can live in the body and eat the food the person eats. In that way, the person is not getting anything that is good for them from the food. People who have pica should get help from their doctors. Word Count 275 wordsis LiyWB/LG SA (ANTE... EBLE LEMMRATF SES SIR, Mee wwii FEU RMIT NMS —eRSRRAAS—ADESaAmh. £ SRSBRSABBASS SSSWARNRRAER, Heler>s JHEHRANESSDIF! VY eQ2DORSSE VA dBaRBRe@ap ct} 8@RSRER L2H BUBRAS®Cty Cum Circle the right answer. 1. This reading is about a. an eating problem. b. an interesting tradition. , an unusual food, . What would be an example of something a person with pica would eat? a. Insects b. Chips «. Stones . Who would NOT be someone with pica? a. An old woman who eats hair b, Ayoung man who eats clay ¢. Aone-year-old who eats dirt .. Which is true about a person with pica? a. The person has to be an adult who eats non-foods. b. The person has to eat non-foods for over a month. c. The person has to eat several types of non-foods. . According to the reading, what is a problem that can result from eating non-foods? a. A person might need to see a doctor. b. A person might be too full to eat healthy foods. c. Aperson might be seen as strange by school friends. Gm Choose the right word. Some people want to eat 1, (certain / future) things that are not food. Instead of chips or chocolate, they want to eat dirt, paper, or glass! Even though they know the 2. (age / item) is not good for them, they want to eat it. This is called pica. People with this problem can be hurt or 3. (poisoned / scared) by the strange objects they eat. But sometimes people eat non-foods because of their 4. (culture / month) and traditions, not because they have pica. For 5. (instance / purpose), women in some areas of Africa eat dirt as a tradition. 56 Chapter 4: Psychology@ Look at the pictures. Write the right words. certainly male offer social source therefore custom in Turkey is to 2. The man in the black guests or customers tea, not poor, 3. Thisyoung______wantshishair—4,_The family’ of money is to look messy, not thelr farm; , they all work together on it. B Match the meaning with the right word. also; too culture clothing worn over the upper and lower body . a suit . ina clean or well-kept way . certainly a b . __ for sure; without question c. inaddition d e the traditions or way of life for a group of people neat Chapter 5: Culture 57(] Work with a classmate. Try to think of two examples for each topic below. Share your ideas with the class. 1. Kinds of meat sold in markets: |. Traditions in an African culture: Countries where elephants live: 2. 3. 4, Special kinds of tea or coffee: 5. Ways hippies are unlike other people: QB in the blanks with words from the box to complete the puzzle. addition certainly culture dive elephant neat social source suit tea Across. " 2] The boy keeps his r— room __andclean, You can _ into deep water. . connect with friends on __media. lam hungry; _ leat. . Painting can be a(n) _of happiness for artists. 10, Most _ birds are very colorful 11, My aunt wears afr) _ when she goes to the office. 12, There is green, red, and black _- Down 2. We havea cat. In_, we have two birds. 3. Youcan see a(n) _ if you visit the zoo. 6. Itis__not easy to raise cows in a desert. 9. The__ of Japanis different from that of China. Goo rkoboc ‘Study these words that you will find in the readings for this chapter. {America | [Jeju | [Kenya ] [Maasai | [Tanzania | [ Thailand/Thai | 58 Chapter 5: CultureIn the world, there are many different types of cultures. A culture may be how people ina certain place live and act in social ways. Or a culture might have to do with music people listen to, or movies they watch, or the clothes they wear. Often, there is a smaller group of people in a certain culture who are different from others in that culture. In that case, the smaller group is known as a sub-culture. Take, for example, the social culture in America in the 1960s. it was a time when most people lived according to certain social rules. They lived in houses, went to school, got jobs, and got married. They wore neat and clean clothing so that others would respect them. Then, in the mid-1960s, a sub-culture known as hippies suddenly appeared in America. Hippies were very different from others in the culture. School was not so important to them. If they got a job, it was only for a short time, They usually needed money only for food and for travel. Money was not very important to them. They traveled because most of them did not live in houses. n fact, they slept in cars or anywhere they could. Hippies were not clean, and with their long, messy hair they certainly were not neat. But their looks were important to them. It marked them as different from the main culture. And being different is what makes a sub-culture. Every type of culture is sure to have a sub-culture, That is because there will always be people who think that it is important to be different from the usual crowd. & Word Count 275 words Reading 21: Sub-Cultures 59.Cy Ur melet eli Circle the right answer. 1. This reading is about a, where the word “hippie” comes from. b, what makes a sub-culture. c. American society today. According to the reading, a sub-culture is a. different from the main culture. b, the same as the main culture. c. a culture that makes the main culture better. . Which of the following is NOT true of American culture in the 1960s? a. Most people were neat and clean. b, Most people lived in houses. c, Most people didn't get married. . The sub-culture that appeared in America in the 1960s was a, the lost kids. b, the hippies. . the foraging crowd, According to the writer, cultures will continue to have sub-cultures because a. everyone wants to be the same. b. everyone likes sub-cultures. c. some people want to be different, G& irae ta a Choose the right answer for each question. 1. What is culture? Away oflearning A way ofliving 2. What do people that do not follow social rules A sub-culture School belong to? 3. What was not important to the hippies? Education Food |. What did many hippies have? Neat homes Long hair 5. What is important to people in a sub-culture? Tobedifferent To be the same 60 Chapters: CultureTea and coffee are two of the most popular drinks in the world, However, people usually like one more than the other. These drinks also have very different uses. Tea drinking started in China and India over 4,000 years ago, around 2700 BC. Tea is made from a leaf. These days, some people drink tea for health, using it to help with sleep, stress, or losing weight. However, most people in tea-drinking countries see tea as ‘more than just a healthy drink. In fact, tea drinking in countries such as Japan is a part of the culture. In Turkey, tea is always present when people meet. Whether in someone's home or a business, tea is always offered as a way of welcoming, In the UK, homes and offices usually have tea time. This isa time when tea and other dishes are served in the afternoon. Its a way of relaxing with friends or co-workers. Coffee came much later than tea, at Just over 1,000 years ago. Coffee is made from beans. Something in the coffee beans makes a person feel more energy. Most people do not drink coffee to relax. Instead, they drink coffee to get going. Many people drink coffee in the morning to help them wake up. Others will also drink coffee 's during short breaks in the afternoon to keep going through the work day. Some people may visit coffee shops just to meet and talk with friends. However, \ many people at the coffee shop drink coffee while working on their computers. » Is tea or coffee more common in your country? Between the two, which do you like to drink more? e Word Count 275 words Beading 22: Tea vs. Coffee Culture 61Comprehension Questions Circle the right answer. 1. This reading is about a, the health benefits of black tea over black coffee. b. how coffee became more popular than tea in the US. . why people choose to drink tea or coffee. ). The writer says that tea can help with a. sleeping. b. working. c. walking. . The writer did NOT mention tea drinking in a, Japan, Turkey, and England. b, the US and Canada. c. China and India. The writer says coffee is made from a, beans. b. roots. «, leaves. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a reason why people drink coffee? a. To lose weight b, To wake up To prepare their minds for the day iseec Marcas Choose the right word. ‘Tea and coffee are 1. (popular / sweet) drinks all around the world. Tea is made from a'2. (bug / leaf), while coffee is made from a bean. Teais often seen as good forone’s3. (culture / health) For example, tea can help a person relax or lose 4 (money /weight).On the other hand, people drink coffee when they need more 5. (breaks / energy). 62 Chapter 5: CultureElephants are one of the most popular animals to see at zoos. However, in Thailand, elephants are more than just popular. They are loved by the Thai people. In fact, the elephant was on the old Thai flag. They are also found in art all over Thailand. In the past, Thai elephants were used to do many things. Elephants are very strong animals. They can carry people as well as objects. So, they were used to go from one place to another. In fact, elephants can lift objects up to 700 kilograms. They can pull heavy objects for long distances, too. Elephants were good for forest jobs such as pulling trees. A healthy elephant could work for 25 to 40 years. Therefore, elephants were an important part of Thailand's economy. Elephants are also smart animals. They can learn tricks and perform shows for people. One Thai king even had 20,000 elephants trained for fighting in the late 1600s. Sadly, the number of elephants in Thailand has fallen far below what it once was. In the past, there were over 100,000 elephants in Thailand. Now, there are only about 2,700, Therefore, many groups want to protect the elephants, Most elephants do not work or perform shows anymore. Instead, people pay to see the elephants in their natural homes. They can wash the elephants in rivers. They can also feed them and walk with them. Because of this, the elephants can live close to their normal lives. This ™eans that they can grow in number and live longer and healthier lives. If we protect the elephants, we can enjoy them for a long time in the future. q Word Count 275 words Reading 23: Elephants in Thailand 63Comprehension Questions Circle the right answer. 1. This reading is about a. how important elephants are in Thailand. b. how Thai elephants are different from other elephants. c. how elephants in Thailand are trained. . The writer says that elephants are ‘a. one of the most loved animals in Thailand. b. one of the least used animals in Thailand. c. very important to Thailand's economy today. Which of the following is NOT a way elephants were used for work in the reading? a. Carrying people b. Lifting heavy objects . Telling the future ‘The writer says the number of elephants in Thailand today a. is lower than in the past. b. is higher than in the past. c. is the same as it was in the 1600s. The writer says that today people enjoy a, riding on elephants in Thai cities. b. seeing elephants in their natural home. . watching shows with elephants in them, arta} Choose the right answer for each question. Which animal is on the old Thai flag? An elephant . For which job were elephants used? Building houses What did Thai elephants do in the past? Fight in battles Make art 1 2 3, Howare elephants described? Smart 4 5. . Where are people most likely to see Innature In shows Thai elephants now? 64 Chapter 5: CultureLong ago, the Maasai people were famous across the middle of Africa as brave fighters. These days, they are known around the world, but not for being fighters. The Maasai live in an area that covers the south part of Kenya and the north part of Tanzania. This area is near Africa’s animal parks, which are visited by many tourists. That is how the Maasai became well known in the world. The Maasai wear bright red clothes, and they raise cows. Cows provide them food in the form of milk and meat. They also provide blood that the Maasai drink for health reasons. The Maasai build their houses in a big circle. Around the houses is a wall of tree branches. This wall keeps their cows in and lions out. The Maasai women usually build the houses, while men build the walls. The men also protect their village, and boys take care of the cows. The Maasai don't stay in these villages all the time, though, because they move from place to place to find grass for their cows to eat. These days, the leaders of Kenya and Tanzania are trying to get the Maasai to stop moving around. They want the Maasai to become farmers or workers. The cows, they say, are eating all the grass that supports the wild animals in the parks. Of course, the Maasai don't want to give up their cows, but some of them have started to change. They have become farmers or workers in the cities. Yet, a lot of Maasai still hold on to their proud way of life in a world that is changing around them. Word Count 275 words Reading 24:The Maasai People 65Comprehension Questions Circle the right answer. 1. This reading is about a. a group of people in Africa who raise cows. b. an African sub-culture who lives in the forest, c. people who work on farms in one African country. . Why are the Maasai well known in the world? a. Because they are taller than other people in Africa b. Because they live a long time c. Because they live near Africa's animal parks . Which of these is NOT true of the Maasai people? a. They are farmers. b, They move a lot. c. They raise cows. Who builds the house for a Maasai family? a. The boys b. The women <. The men .. Why are Maasai cows a problem for the animal parks? a. They drink all the water. b. They kill small trees. c. They eat the grass Extra Practice Choose the right word. The Maasai people live in 1. (America / Africa) in an area near the wild animal parks. Their houses are bullt in a circle to form 2. (villages / farms). The Maasai 3. (buy / raise) cows which provide meat for the people to eat. The Maasai also drink the cow's milk and 4, (blood / flags). African leaders say that the Maasai cows are eating the 5. (meat / grass) needed for the wild animals, so some Maasai have found other ways to make a living. 66 Chapter 5: Culture20 On the South Korean island of Jeju, there is a special group of women known for their strength. In Korean, they are called haenyeo, or sea women. They are women divers who collect food from the sea to sell at markets. Sea diving is difficult work and hard on the body. Many of the divers swim 30 meters deep and stay under water for up to 3 minutes at a time. Because they dive so deep, the pressure of the water causes pain to their bodies. Also, the water can be very cold in the winter. Before diving suits, these sea women wore cloth suits. These were not good for keeping the divers warm. Men could stay in the water for no longer than 30 minutes. This is why there are no male divers. Physically, the women were better able to be in the cold water and could dive for hours. Though the divers wear warmer diving suits now, all of the divers are still women. Though the work is hard, most of these women are not young. In fact, almost all of the divers are over 50 years old. The oldest is in her 80s. She has been diving for more than 60 years! These women continue to dive because sea diving is the way they make money for their families. Sea women can earn up to $5,000 a month. This is a good source of money to pay for housing, food, and education. However, the work is so hard that the women do not want their daughters to do it. So the tradition is dying out. There may be very few sea women in the near future. a Word Count 275 words 67 Reading 25: Diving Womenes eUr uN feito Circle the right answer. 1. This reading is about a, why women are best for a certain job. b. different types of ocean diving. c. ajob some Korean women have. . What do the diving women of Jeju collect from the sea? a. Things that people don't want b. Things to eat c. Things to make jewelry with .. The writer says that men do not have this job because a. they prefer to farm, b, they do not know how to swim. cc. the water is too cold for men. . ‘The writer says that most of the diving women are a, 20-30 years old. bb, 30-40 years old. <. over 50 years old. The number of these diving women is a. becoming lower and lower. 'b. hard for researchers to count. c. growing year by year. ieic Narrated Choose the right answer for each question. |. What do sea women of Jeju do? Diveforfood Clean beaches What type of suit did the sea women use to wear? Cloth Plastic . What are sea wornen known for? Beauty Strength |. Why does diving for seafood cause pain? Social pressure Water pressure .. What is causing the tradition of sea women to The hard work —Thelittle pay die out? 68 Chapter 5: Culturebanknote budget electric bill cash dollar gold education credit card B Check (/) the right answer. 1. What can you make to see how you spend money? Who or what can print new money? What is true for something rare that people want? What does something become if you destroy it? ye wen How would people who like cash want to be paid? Abudget A credit card Families Thegovernment Itis worthless. |) Itis valuable, Like gold Not available Inbanknotes [In gift cards Chapter 6: Money 69se Work with a classmate. Ask your classmate the questions below and write his/her answers. Then share the answers with a different classmate. 1 9. What items in your budget do you pay every month? Do you own anything made of gold? If so, what? 2 3. Do you know anyone who collects old, rare coins? If so, who? 4, 5. What is one disadvantage to using cash all the time? . When do you think your country began printing banknotes? QB Find the words in the box to complete the puzzle. What is the secret word? advantage available budget destroy gold trade valuable OTA ‘> The secret word: |. Youcan gett. Itis_. {tis worth alot. tis _- 1 2. 3, Long ago, coins were made of _. 4 5. 6 A good thing for youis your _. . I give something to get something else. |_. . Youcan burn something to _ it. ube ba Study these words that you will ind in the readings for this chapter. American Australia Scotland 70 Chapter 6: Money20 If you look through your money, you will probably notice that you have coins dating back several years. But your bills may not be very old. In the United States, a one-dollar bl, five-dollar bill, and ten-dollar bill can last about three and a half years. Twenty-dollar bills last about five years. A fifty-dollar bill can last over twelve years, but a hundred-dollar bill will only last about nine, The smaller bills don't last as long because =—— = they get used more. But what happens to paper money when it gets too old to use? Every day, banks look at the money that they take in. The money that is no good anymore is sent to be destroyed. The banks have to be careful. They don’t want the money to be stolen, The local banks use trucks that are made so people cannot steal from them. Once they receive the money, the central bank counts it and Promises to give the local | bank back the same amount with fresh banknotes | The central bank must destroy the old money ina way that makes sure that no one | can use it It puts the paper banknotes through a machine which cuts the paper into such | tiny pieces they couldn't possibly be put back together. Then the pieces are thrown out, | burnt, or used in some useful ‘way. You might have old cut-up banknotes in the walls of your house, helping to keep the heat in! About once a year, the central bank checks to see how much money it has collected from banks. it prints new money and sends it to the banks, dollar for dollar. 5 Word Count 275 words Reading 26: Used Money 71etry uu Questions Circle the right answer. 1. This reading is about a, how more and more money is made. b, what happens to money that is too old. c. who decides how much money to print. Which bills last the longest? a. Bills for large amounts b. Bills for small amounts c. They areall the same. | How is money sent to the central bank? a. With police officers b, Through the mail cc. In special trucks Why does the central bank cut up the money? a. Soit can be used again bb, Soit cannot be used again c. So banks have to buy more banknotes Why did the writer mention the walls of houses in the reading? a, To show how some old money is used b. To explain how much money people waste on their homes c. To suggest that people might hide money there Cn Mara Choose the right word. 4,(Coins / Banknotes) tend to last along time, but bills do not. Local banks send old bilsto the central bank to be 2. (printed / destroyed). A machine cuts the old bills into 3 (big / tiny) pieces. Then the central bank prints new money and sends the 4 fresh stolen) bills back to the local banks. The 5 (promise / amount) of bills sent back to the local bank isthe same as the local bank sent. 72 Chapter 6: MoneyRecent research found that two-thirds of Americans do not have a budget. Most People just live from one month to the next without planning for the future. Fora family, though, a budget can help stop spending problems and help them to Prepare for the future, Some people might not need a budget, But families really should think about having one. A budget can help a family plan how to spend their money in a good way. Without a spending plan, families can easily get into money trouble. They might spend too much money on unimportant things. That can cause them to not have enough money for important things, like paying for the house or an electric bill, fa family has a budget, then they will know how much they can spend on other less important things. But a family budget should not only be a plan for monthly costs, It should also help a family plan for the future. Children will grow up and need money for education. The family will take vacations, The husband working when they are old, All of these thing budget will have a savings plan to help me and wife will want to stop | 195 will take a lot of money. A good family | et those needs in the future, i Many families don't have a budget because they don't know how to make one. But with the internet, itis now easier than ever to start a budget. Several places on the internet have free budget planning. Today, there is no reason not to have a budget. Family budgets can help a family have a better life in the future. a Word Count 275 words Reading 27: The Family Budget 73Comprehension Questions Circle the right answer. 1. This reading is about a. how a budget can help a family. b. how to make a family budget. c. how different families make budgets. . According to the reading, most people a. havea budget. b. are planning for the future. c. don't have a budget. Ifa family does not have a budget, they might a. have money trouble. b. only buy important things. . save money in the bank. Which of the following is NOT true about family budgets? a, They can help stop spending problems. b, They can be used to plan for the future. . They are very hard to make. These days, every family can have a budget because a. computer programs to make budgets are very cheap. b. the intemet has places that will help plan a budget for free. cc. families can take free classes in how to make a budget. Gaz Extra Practice Choose the right answer for each question. . What does a budget help plan for? The future Math classes .. What might people without budgets do? Spend too much Spend too little . What is an example of a monthly cost? Trips Electric bills |. How can a person stop working when they are old? Burn money Save money . Where can one learn how to prepare abudget? —-Onthe internet On vacation 74. Chapter 6:MoneyMoney is how we pay for things that we need. However, it comes in different forms, of which cash and credit cards are the most popular types. Cash comes in the form of banknotes and coins. A creditcard is a card usually given by a bank to buy things. In this way, its borrowing money from the bank by buying now and paying later. So, which way of buying things is better? The biggest advantage for using cash is that we can see the cash actually leaving our hands. tt is much harder to hand over hard-earned cash than to use a credit card, So people think twice about what they buy. Another advantage to using cash is that a person cannot spend money that is not available. This stops a person from spending more than what he or she has. However, one disadvantage to using cash is that if itis stolen, it is usually gone. On the other hand, a credit card makes buying things easy. With a credit card, @ person does not need to keep track of bills and coins. In addition, using a credit card can be safer than using cash. Ifa credit card is lost or stolen, that card can be frozen. Then the person can get anew card, Banks also usually give rewards for using a credit card. However, itis easier to spend more with a credit card, It can also be easier for a person to lose money if he or she does not pay back the bank on time, » In the end, both cash and credit cards have their advantages and disadvantages. (a Word Count 275 words Reading 28: Credit Cards vs.Cash 75ey Unni cly Circle the right answer. 1. This reading is about a, how to pay for things. b. how types of money are made. c. how to change foreign money. . According to the reading, banknotes and coins are described as a. budgets. b. credit cards. c. cash. . The writer says that people who only use cash a. tend to visit the bank more often. b. do not spend money that they do not have. c. are rich when they become older. |. Which of the following is NOT an advantage to paying for things with a credit card? a. Stolen cards can be replaced. b. Itis harder to spend more, ¢. Banks usually give rewards. . In the end, the writer thinks that the best way to pay for things is a. cash. b. credit. c. up to each person's choice. Gm Extra Practice Choose the right word. Cash and credit cards are the most 1. (interesting / popular) ways to buy things. With cash, a person can generally only spend what is 2. available / borrowed). The 3, (advantage / disadvantage) of this is that you do not spend more than you have. On the other hand, you do not need to 4. (hand over / keep track of) bills or coins with credit card, and banks can give the person a new card ifa card is stolen: Whether you prefer cash or a credit card, its wise to spend only what you have 5. (borrowed / earned). 76 Chapter 6: MoneyLong ago, people did not use money. Instead, people traded one thing for another thing. A chicken, for example, was traded for something else that had value. But value was the problem. One chicken did not have the value of one cow. The world needed something that would have the same value everywhere. That something was gold. At first, gold was used for trade. To be used for trade, the gold had to be checked to see if it was real gold. It was a lot of trouble. Then, around 700 BC, gold was made into coins. It became a lot easier to buy things with coins that could be counted. It was not until the 1700s that the first paper money was made. Paper money brought a new problem, though. Ifa country printed a lot of money, the money would lose its value. Paper money needed to be tied to something of value. Again, that thing was gold. In 1821, England introduced the gold standard. That meant that paper money was supported by gold. Paper money could be traded for gold in an equal value. That way, paper money would keep its value. Most large countries followed England in using the gold standard. After World War J, the world economy was not good. Also, new gold was not being found fast enough. Countries based on the gold standard had economic problems. Soon, countries stopped using the gold standard. They began to base their Money on the value of the British pound or US dollar. » The gold standard worked fine in its time. But times change, and the gold standard is now just history. Word Count 275 words Reading 29: The Gold Standard 77Cru united Circle the right answer. 1. This reading is about a. how coins are made. b. the history of money. c. trade between countries. . Before money was made a. people traded one thing for another. b. one cow could buy ten chickens. ¢. gold had no value, |. Which of the following is NOT true about gold? a. People traded gold before coins were made. b, The gold standard came before paper money. c. Gold was made into coins around 700 BC. . In the gold standard, paper money a, had no value. bb. was used only by the government. c. was backed by gold. After World War |, the gold standard a. was used only by the US. b. did not work so well. ¢. made many people rich. Extra Practice Choose the right answer for each question. |. What did people do before there was money? Steal Trade . What is the trouble with trading? Valuing goods —_Using animals . Which is easier to count? Gold Coins |. What happens when too much money is printed? _Value decreases _Value increases Which country was the first to use the gold standard? China EnglandUsually money is worth the value that itis given. For instance, one cent is usually worth one cent. One cent cannot usually buy something that is $10. One dollar is worth $1. It cannot buy something that is worth $100. Each coin and bill is given a value of what it is worth. But sometimes, money can be worth more than the value it is given. How can this be? When a coin or bill is very old or rare, it can be worth more than its value, The first American cent was made in 1792. It was actually never used, Instead, a different design for the penny was made for use in the US. That is why not many of those first cents exist today. In 2015, a man paid 2.5 million dollars to buy one of those rare first cents! Arare banknote is the American $1,000 bill. You may not have even known that they existed. They were made in 1918, and only about 150 of these banknotes exist today. Though they are not worth millions like the first cents, each banknote is still valued at about $7,000. In Australia, the first official banknote is valued at $226,000. In 1817, Australia printed one hundred of those notes on the first day of printing money. None of those notes were thought to exist today. However, in 2005, one was found in Scotland. It is thought to be the only one left in the world, which makes it very rare. Save up any special coins and bills you may come across. If you are lucky, they may be worth a lot one day. a Word Count 275 words Reading 30: Valuable Money 79Ce uu ume lest Circle the right answer. 1. This reading is about a. money used by different countries. b. money that is worth a lot. ¢. money that is printed in large amounts. . The writer says that money can be worth more ifitis a. new. b. dirty. <. rare, ;. Which of the following is NOT money that is worth a lot? a. The American $1,000 banknote b. The American one-dollar coin c. The first Australian banknote: The writer says that a rare US penny ‘a. was used until the 1920s in America. b. was sold for $2.5 million in 2015. . was made out of silver by mistake. . Where was one of the original Australian banknotes found? a. In New Zealand b, Inan Australian bank c. In Scotland Stew ae tae Circle the right word. ‘Most money is 1. (worth / bought) the value given to it. For example, a penny’s value is one 2. (coin / cent). However, some money is worth more. The first US penny ever 3. (sold / designed) is worth millions. It is hard to find such special coins or 4. (budgets / banknotes) because not many of them exist in the world today. That makes them 5, (value / rare) and worth lots of money! 80 Chapter 6: MoneyThis Chinese actress will play the (role / whale) of Mulan on the stage. 2, Many animated movies are made with (brave / digital) technology these days. 2 295 * be 3. The woman is educating a group of young | t (laws / ballerinas) in a ballet school. AS 4, In the past, music was recorded on discs that were J A about the size of dinner (buckets / plates). # Chapter 7:Entertainment 81 re — :B Put a check (/) next to the right answer. 1. Whois probably known by more people? | | A famous ballerina |_| A famous singer 2, Which holds more water? |.) Aplate [| Abucket 3, What takes more wealth to do? [7] Flying first class [| Eating fast food 4, Which causes more people to die? (_) Cancer (| Shark bites 5, Which animal weighs more? |.) Awhale {J Afrog @ Work with a group of classmates. Try to write one example for each topic. Then share your ideas with the class. 1. Aballet that was made into an animated movie: Anexciting but dangerous thing to do for fun: ‘Awiriter who earns a lot of money: A person who worked hard and became famous: woe wn Alaw that many people break without having to go to jail: BoB Fill in the blanks with words from the box to make common phrases. ballet bucket cancer digital plate role wealth whale 1a dancer 5. amanof and power 2. apaper 6. anactor’s 3. medicine to fight _ 2. akiller ——__(anorca) 4. music Ba list Grau study these words that you will find in the readings for this chapter. [Anna Pavlova Asian Asian-American { Britain Chinese [Disney | Egypt | India/Indian [Margot Fonteyn | ‘Mary Kom Mulan Rudolf Nureyev [Russian ‘SeaWorld | [ Shakespeare 82 Chapter 7: EntertainmentNot long ago, the music business was doing great. Record companies made a lot of money. For every record sold, the musician was paid a small amount, If record was Popular, the musician could make a lot of money. And the record company made even more. But then computers and the internet arrived, That changed everything. Before computers came along, music was recorded on a record the size of a dinner plate. Now, with digital recordings, songs can be found on the internet and moved onto computers easily. And that is both bad and good. The bad thing about di ital music is that it is easy to share with others. That means record companies and musicians don't get any money. Of course, itis against the law to share music lke this. But many people still do it. To get people to pay for digital music, cord companies sell it through internet music companies. But record companies and ‘musicians don't make nearly as much mone rei y this way. The good news about digital music is that anybody can sell music through the internet. In the past, a musician had to work with a record company. And money they received was only a small part of the cost of making a song, When musicians sell their music themselves, they get almost all the money. Of course, the record company makes no money this way. Still they keep looking for new musicians to make money for them \ Musicians and recording companies can still make money in the digital age. But to do that, they will have to leam how to make the internet work well for them, 4 Word Count 275 words Reading 31: Music in the Digital Age 83(edie cuseune Ce Circle the right answer. 1, This reading is about a. how digital music is recorded. b. how musicians work with record companies. cc. how digital music changed the music business. . According to the reading, for every record sold in the past, only a small amount went to a. the musician or singer. b. the record company. c. the internet. . The bad thing about digital music and the internet is that a. it costs too much money. b. record companies and musicians lose money. ¢, the sound of the music is not good. 1. Which of the following is NOT true about ‘the music business? a, Musicians work for record companies even today. b, The record company gets most of the money for a record sale. © Allmusicians have to work for a record company. |. When someone sells their own music through the internet, they get a. onlya little of the money. b. almost all of the money. c. nomoneyat all. Gn ara Choose the right answer for each question. 1. What was music first recorded on? Plates 2. Who made the most money selling records? Record companies Musicians 3, What allowed the change in how musicis sold ‘The internet Newspapers and shared? |. What must musicians do to receive money? Visit music stores Sell their music 5, What describes sharing music without paying for it? Againstthe law By credit card 84 Chapter 7:EntertainmentThe Bucket List, a movie made in 2007, was based on the popular idea of bucket lists. The movie is about two > men who meet in the hospital. Both have cancer and don’t know how long they have left to live. So, the two men run away from the hospital to goona trip around the world to complete their bucket list. : 62 A bucket list is a wish list of things that a person Sis wants to do before he or she dies. In the movie, some of the “Ge. things that the two men do are go skydiving, visit India, and “Bs Jo into the jungle in Africa, A bucket list can include anything that a person wishes to do. For instance, it could be to visit a country that you have never been to. it could be to visit a famous place in a foreign land, such as the Great Wall of China. It could be to do something to show how brave you can be, like swimming with sharks. It could also be something expensive such as eating at a famous restaurant or flying first class. It could be to learn something like how to dance or speak a new language. It may just be something that you have always dreamed of doing, such as being ina movie or writing a book. These days, people create bucket lists for different times in their lives. Some People create a bucket list to complete before they graduate, Others may create a bucket list to complete before they turn a certain age. If you made a bucket list, what are some things that you would include? a Word Count 275 words Reading 32: The Bucket List 85.Comprehension Questions Circle the right answer. 1, This reading is about a, howto fight cancer. b. having a happy life, ‘c. awish list of things to do. . Which of the following would NOT be on a bucket list? a. Learning a foreign language b, Visiting a famous place . Cleaning the bathroom .. The writer says that the two men in The Bucket List run away from a. home, b. the hospital. c. work, |. The writer says that the two men in The Bucket List a. win a lot of money. b. find their families. ©. goona trip around the world, ;. Which of the following would NOT be a time to make a bucket list? a. Before a person dies b, Before a person is born ¢. Before a person turns a certain age re Mae late) Choose the right word. People all have 1. (times / dreams) or wishes of things they would like to do, Have you ever wanted to swim with 2. (jungles / sharks)? Or have you ever wanted to eat at an 3. (expensive / internet) restaurant? Maybe you hope to learn a foreign 4, (country / language) before you graduate. Don't keep dreaming 5. (Create / Include) a bucket list of your own and try to do what is on it. 86 Chapter 7: EntertainmentMost people love animals. Many children’s books and TV shows use animals as the main characters. Probably many people who you know care for animals as pets. The love for animals may be why both children and adults enjoy going to z00s and animal shows. In the past, 200s were usually started by rich rulers. The first 200 was started by a queen in Egypt in 1500 BC. She collected the animals from Africa. Collecting animals was a way for a ruler to show off his or her wealth and power. Animal shows started much later in the 1800s. Sadly, the animals in the early zoos and animal shows were not treated well. Often they were not given much food to eat. Sometimes they were hit. These days, zoos are still for entertainment, but they also try to protect animals and teach people as well. In addition, both zoos and animal shows must follow rules. People must provide animals with a clean place to live, food and water, and health care. In this way, the rules help protect the animals, Some people think the rules are not enough. They want to do more to protect the animals they love. For example, people were against the use of killer whales in shows at Sea World. Many people thought the big killer whales did not have enough space in the park's small pools. They also thought that the animals were treated badly. With so many people against them, Sea World decided to end all killer whale shows. When people try to protect animals while enjoying them at the same time, the animals and people can both benefit, Word Count 275 words Gm Reading 33: Animals in Zoos and Shows 87Cu ume tli Circle the right answer. 1. This reading is about ‘a. animals used for entertainment. b. wild animals and their homes. c. pets that are easy to take care of. The writer says that the first zoo was started by a queen a. in England in the 1800s. b. after people started becoming rich. c. along time ago in Egypt. . The writer says that in the past, people wanted to collect animals a. to show off their wealth and power. b, to make money and entertain people. ¢. to educate people about animals. . The writer says that to use animals, zoos and animal shows must now a. pay governments lots of money. 'b, keep fewer animals than before. c. follow certain rules. . Which of the following is a reason people wanted to end the killer whale shows at Sea World? a. People believed that the whales did not have enough space to swim. b. People believed that the whales were making people sick. c. People believed that the whales were not given food. eae ca te Choose the right answer for each question. |. Where can you find many animals? . In the past, who started 200s? |. Which kind of show did Sea World stop? 1 2 3. What do animals need? 4 5, What can people do to help animals? 88 Chapter 7: Entertainment Deserts Wealthy people Health care Shark shows Protect them Cam Zoos Animal lovers Clothes Whale shows Collect them0 When watching a movie or play, people expect the actors to be like the character that they play. For example, ifa character is a woman, we expect an actress to play the role for this part. Ifa character is Asian, one would expect an Asian actor or actress to play the role, right? Wrong. Until recently, it was not seen as important for the actor to match the character that he or she played. For example, think about the roles in Shakespeare's plays. All of his famous plays included women characters, But all of the actors in Shakespeare's day were men or boys. It was 44 years after Shakespeare's death before a woman acted in one of his plays. In addition, many roles in movies have not been given to actors who look like the character. For example, the movie Mary Kom is about a famous fighter from a small town. The one chosen to play Mary Kom was a famous Indian actress. But she did not look anything like the real Mary Kom. 1 However, in 1998, Disney chose an Asian-American to play the < role of Mulan, a Chinese soldier. Then some years later in the movie The Princess and the Frog, a black actress was chosen for the voice of the main character. This was an important change in the entertainment industry. There are many different cultures and races in the world. Movies need to show this and use actors that match their characters. People of different cultures can also have a different view of the world. This is something extra that actors are able to add to the characters they play. Gum Word Count 275 words Reading 34: Actors and Roles 89Comprehension Questions Circle the right answer. 1. This reading is about a. using actors that match their characters. b, actors learning about their characters. c. working with famous actors. . The writer says that a. women didn’t know how to act during Shakespeare's time. b. women actors were not in Shakespeare's plays during his time. c. Shakespeare thought women could not act well. .. Which of the following is NOT mentioned about culture? a. Culture changes how a movie is written. b. Culture plays a part in a person's view of the world. . Culture can help an actor do better in a role. Which movie does the writer mention in the reading? a. Shakespeare in Love b, Mary Poppins c. Mulan . The writer thinks that movies should show a. different kinds of people in the world. b. the beauty in the world. ¢. famous actors in all roles. Extra Practice Choose the right word. Movie companies used to choose 1. (famous / main) actors to play important 2. (adults / roles) in movies. Back then, the way a person 3. (appeared / talked) was not important to the character. However, things are changing now. Disney started to choose 4. (soldiers / actors) and actresses that match their movies’ characters. People are realizing that the 5. language / culture) of an actor can add something important toa movie character. 90 chapter 7: Entertainment