P 3 AP Jiwon Shin

Biology

Unit 6 Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Glossary of RNAs Eukaryotic
•
in a cell

mRNA 1)
Messenger RNA ( mRNA )
= encodes the amino acid sequence for a protein
primary transcript of RNA
a
gene undergoes processing to generate mature mRNA
-

that can be used the ribosome

by
similar to prokaryotes
-

⇐ eukaryotic mRNA almost always leaves the the

nucleus through nuclear pores
to be transcribed RER / in
by ribosomes on the the cytoplasm

tRNA 2) Transfer RNA ( tRNA )

= delivers an amino acid to the active site of a ribosome

by base pairing (contains anti -

codons to an mRNA

same to
prokaryotes
-

rRNA 3) Ribosomal RNA ( rRNA )

=
components of a ribosome
=
enzyme that catalyzes protein synthesis
same to
prokaryotes
-

snRNA 4) Small nuclear RNA ( snRNA )

=
components of a
spliceosome
=
that
enzyme catalyzes the removal of introns during RNA
processing

microRNA
miRNA & SiRNA 5) Micro RNA ( miRNA ) & small ( siRNA)
interfering
= act on mature mRNAs in the cytoplasm to block translation
& mediate the turnover of selected mRNAs .

In RNA 6) Long non -

coding RNA ( In RNA )

=
represent a class of transcribed

RNA molecules that are longer than

class Q 200 nucleotides and don't encode

.

yet proteins

Why does a eukaryote -

their fats are still
being explored
have more types of → but involved in
many processes
RNA compared to
a
prokaryote ?

In the
Summary eukaryotic cell, there are many types of RNA with different functions While .

the prokaryotic cell only has mRNA ,

tRNA , and rRNA, the eukaryote additionally has

snRNA , miRNA , siRNA and In RNA These RNA has

, .
eukaryotic more roles in the
and development of the gene to
growth make it into a mature form .
This

difference might be due to the complexity of a

eukaryotic cell 's function
compared to that of a prokaryote .
 •

Eukaryotes have 3 RNA Polymerases

RNA Polymerase I

RNA Polymerase I -
RNA Polymerase I =
synthesizes ribosomal rRNA

RNA Polymerase Is -
RNA Polymerase I =
makes mRNA & some small RNAs .

-
RNA Polymerase II. =
generates tRNA & other small RNAs .

Class Q -

"
what does small RNA
"

refer to ?

Are there 3 or 5
types
of eukaryotic RNA ?
poly

Prokaryotes only have

1 type of RNA Poly RNA Polymerase I

.

→ is it the same of
type ↳ different from
prokaryotic RNA polymerase
RNA poly for eukaryotes
b/c eukaryotic version cannot identify promoter sequences on its own

except RNA poly I ?

transcription factors
"
and it relies on
proteins called
"

↳ "
activators
"
specifically

Eukaryotic Gene Organization

•

Intron -

exon structure
1) eukaryotic genes stand alone
2) each is its own transcription unit
gene
3) have
Intron genes their own
promoters and terminators
"
4) intron "

organized with an exon structure

-

intron =
sequences will be removed during RNA
Processing
-

Eton
→
coding for
nothing
exon code be included in
sequence that will RNA
-
=
a mature

coding
→ for
something
-

transcription unit ( =
each gene ) includes both introns & exons

summary Eukaryotes have 3 types of polymerase .

This
might
the eukaryote Since each of
also be die to complexity of a .

their gene is a transcription unit , genes Maude both

introns and Hence
"
intron
etons they have eton
-

.
, an
structure .
"
Moreover ,
the RNA polymerase a- is different from
that of a prokaryote .