ST.

PETER'S COLLEGE, KOLENCHERY

MAHATMA GANDHI UNIVERSITY

Project Report
On
Jaiva Krishi: Arivum Padanavum
MOOC course on Organic Farming
Submitted by
Student's name: Ajisha Kunjumon
Register no: E 5145

B.Sc. CHEMISTRY
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY
First SEMESTER
2021
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that this is the report of the original project work
carried out by Ajisha Kunjumon, E 5145 of B.Sc. chemistry,
Department of Chemistry, St. Peter's College, Kolenchery, under
my mentorship and submitted for the evaluation of
Module:7(Project Report) of MOOC on Organic farming-Jaiva
Krishi:Arivum Padanavum on ……………………

Place: Signature
Date: Mentor of the MOOC
Program
Department
 INDEX
Sl. Topic Page no. Signature of the Mentor
No with remark

1 CHAPTER 1-INTRODUCTION

2 CHAPTER 2-MATERIALS AND METHODS

3 CHAPTER 3-OBSERVATIONS AND DATA

COLLECTION
4 OBSERVATIONS AND RESULTS IN PHASE I

5 OBSERVATION AND RESULTS IN PHASE II

6 OBSERVATIONS AND RESULTS IN PHASE III

7 OBSERVATIONS AND RESULTS IN PHASE IV

8 OBSERVATIONS AND RESULTS IN PHASE V

9 OBSERVATIONS AND RESULTS IN PHASE VI

10 OBSERVATIONS AND RESULTS IN PHASE VII

11 OBSERVATIONS AND RESULTS IN PHASE VIII

12 TABULATION OF DATA

13 CHAPTER 4 – PHOTOS

14 CHAPTER 5 - COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS

15 CHAPTER 6 – CONCLUSION

16 ABSTRACT
 REPORT
Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

Organic farming can be defined as an agricultural process that uses

biological fertilizers and pest control acquired from animals or plant waste. In
other words, organic farming is a new system of farming or agriculture that
repairs, maintains and improves the ecological balance. It has developed as a
negative effect of modern industrialized agriculture in the 20th century. It protects
the environment, minimize soil degradation and erosion, decrease pollution,
optimize biological productivity and promote a healthy Nation.

Organic farming which is a holistic production management system that promotes

and enhance agro-ecosystem health, including biodiversity, biological cycle and
soil biological activities. Many studies have shown that organic farming methods
can produce even higher yields than conventional methods. By being part of that
we can consume healthy vegetables and it was cultivated by our own hands.
 Chapter 2

2.1 Location of College - Kolenchery

Location of Student - Pallikkara

2.2 Crops selected - Tomato, chilli, Pea, Brinjal, Bitter gourd.

2.2.1 Crops Varieties:

Tomato Plant- The tomato is an edible berry of plant Solanum Iycopersicum.

Tomato requires 1 to 2 inches of water per week. They are usually grown in
summer annual. Tomatoes are rich in vitamin C. They are usually grown in March
-June. Cherry tomato, Grape tomato, Beefsteak tomato, green tomato are the
varieties of tomato.

Chilli -It is a berry fruit of plants of the genus Capsicum which are the members
of nightshade family, Solanaceae. It contains high amount of vitamin C and
antioxidants. It can be grown in all type of soft but the sandy loam, clay loam,
and loam soils are best suited for it. Pusa Sadabahar, Punjab Lal, Hissar Sakthi,
Andhra Jyothi etc. are the different varieties of Chilli.

Pea Plant – These plants need full sun and soil that drains well. They need less
fertilizing than many other vegetables, so adding a little compost to the soil before
planting is usually adequate. In the plains, pea sown during mid-October to mid-
November. Pisum sativum, Ooty 1, Bonneville, Arkel and Azad are the popular
varieties of pea.

Brinjal – The brinjal (eggplant) is called the King of Vegetables by some cultures.
Brinjal is a very low-calorie vegetable and has healthy nutrition profile. It is a
vegetable that doesn’t need much care. The brinjal can be grown round the year.,
the main sowing being done during July to August. Surya, Swetha, Haritha,
Neelima, Pusa purple Clusters are the varieties of Brinjal.

Bitter gourd – Bitter gourd is also known as Momordica charantia or bitter melon.
It is rich in antioxidants, flavonoids and other polyphenol compounds. It is very
healthy. Pusa Do Mausmi, Arka Harit, Pusa Vishesh are the varieties of bitter
gourd.

2.2.2 Source of seed - From the neighbor

2.3 Area / no. of grow bags - 5 grow bags

2.4 Crop Season -Zaid crop season

2.5 Weather Condition - Average atmospheric temperature

2.6 Agricultural implements and equipment’s used -Spade, trowel

2.7 Liming materials and quantity - nil

2.8 Manure - Vegetable compost, cow dung, ashes

2.8.1 Basal application - nil

2.8.2 Top dressing -compost was added eventually

2.8.3 Bio fertilizers -nil

2.8.4 Bio slurries - nil

2.9 Bio pesticides -Neem oil

2.10 Bio control agents - nil

2.11 Any other inputs seeds -nil

2.12 Crop management - Apart from basic needs, the compost was added,
examined at each growth and the dead part were cut off from the plants.
 2.12.1 Land preparation and potting – The seeds were initially placed in
thermocol base. After seed sprouted, it was demounted and planted in land.

2.12.2 Liming - The soil used is mixed with fertile soil formed from the
decaying of leaves

2.12.3 Basal manuring - nil

2.12.4 Grow bag filling - the thermocol was filled with ordinary land soil

2.12.5 Seeding / planting - the seeds were placed at definite intervals from each
other

2.12.6 Top dressing - After the plant attained 15cm, compost cow dung was
added

2.12.7 Pest Management - The pest attacks were low. Although neem oil was
applied to prevent such attack in every 15 days

2.12.8 Disease Management - Diseased plants were rare

2.12.9 Water Management - The plants were watered 2 times daily – early
morning and evening

2.12.10 Harvest - The seeds were harvested at the 60 days.

 Chapter 3

Observation and data

Table 1 (Germination Percentage)

Germination% Plant stand

establishment%

Pea 75 75

Brinjal 50 50

Bitter Guard 50 40

Tomato 90 75

Chilli 60 50
 2) Height of Plants in cm (15 days interval)

No. Of days 15 30 45 60 75 90

Height of plant Pea 20cm 50cm More

than 1m

Height of plant Brinjal 8cm 14cm 25cm 35cm 50cm 5cm

Height of plant Bitter 24 cm 55cm More

Gourd than 1m

Height of plant Tomato 14cm 22cm 29cm 38cm 43cm 50cm

Height of plant Chilli 5cm 21cm 33cm 46cm 51cm 59cm

 Table - 3 (No. of branches)

No. of 15 30 45 60 75 90
days

No. of Pea 0 2 5 7
branches

No. of Brinjal 0 2 4 7 10 10
branches

No. of Bitter 0 2 6 8
branches gourd

No. of Tomato 0 2 4 6 8 8
branches

No. of Chilli 0 2 2 6 10 10
branches
Table - 4 (Day of first flowering)

Day of first flowering

Pea 40thday

Brinjal 42nd day

Bitter Gourd 40th day

Tomato 45th day

Chilli 60th day

 Table -5(Day of first fruiting)

Day of first fruiting

Pea 50thday

Brinjal 53rdday

Bitter gourd 50thday

Tomato 52nd day

Chilli 80thday
 Table - 6 (Harvest Day)

Harvest days

Pea 65th day

Brinjal 70th day

Bitter Gourd 68th day

Tomato 55th day

Chilli 90th day

 Table- 7(Amount of Products)

No. of fruits Weight

Pea 20 150G

Brinjal 7 1KG

Bitter Gourd 6 3KG

Tomato 15 1.5KG

Chilli 80 100G
 Table - 8 (Cumulative Yield)

Cumulative Yield (KG)

Pea 0.75KG

Brinjal 1.5 KG

Bitter Gourd 0.85 KG

Tomato 1 KG

Chilli 0.50 KG
 Chaper-4
Photos

Grow bag Preparation and Layout

Seedling Stage

Flowering Stage
Fruiting Stage
Harvesting Stage
 Chapter 5
Cost Benefit analysis
Expenditure incurred and income obtained: -

Expenditure: - Neem oil: 149/- rupees

Income: - Nil. The vegetables harvested were distributed among the

neighbourhood itself.
 Chapter 6

Most suitable, profitable crop for the locality: -

I think tomato, pea, chilli, bitter gourd and brinjal are suitable for my
locality. The place has enough rainfall required for these crops and also has a
moderate humidity. As the soil here is dark, it has high organic contents and so
there was no need of external inorganic fertilizers to be used for farming. Also,
the place is situated below a steep area, so the soil holds enough water. The
chance of soil erosion is also less, so the chance of crop destruction is very low.
Pests are also low leading to high yield of cultivation. Through the organic
farming done I have understood that my area is suitable for cultivation as the
chance of damage is less.
 Abstract

The seeds were given to me by my neighbour. I cultivated 5 crops tomato,

pea, chilli, bitter gourd and brinjal. The seeds were initially placed in a thermocol
base. After seed germination the sprouting were demounted from the thermocol
base and was planted in land soil. After that it was watered twice- early morning
and afternoon and clearly examined on a daily basis. There were no pests’ attacks
although neem oil, an organic pesticide was sprayed in a 15 days interval. The
length of the plants and the number of branches were also noted down every 15
days. Also, the weeds were also cut off from the plant.

On almost one and a half month later the plants started flowering and we were
able to harvest the products almost at the beginning of third months. Instead of
selling the products I thought it would be better to share them with my
neighbours. Because of this organic farming I was able to get healthy products.