Introduction to Emerging

Technologies
Chapter 1
Introduction

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Britannica dictionary defines
revolution as “in social and
political science, a major,
sudden, and hence typically
violent alteration in
government and in related
associations and structures”.

The term is used by analogy in

such expressions as the
Industrial Revolution, where
it refers to a radical and
profound change in
 economic relationships and
technological conditions.

Introduction
E.g. a definition of
There are different emerging technologies attempt
to define for education
Emerging • Emerging
Technology (ET) technologiesconcepts, innovations,

are tools, in different areas, and advancements

such as media, utilized in

 business, science, diversengs to serve varied educational

setti or education. education-related

purposes

Introduction
ET is generally defined as
technologies that are currently
developing, or that are expected to be
available, that are creating or
expected to create significant social
or economic effects.

ET is a technology based on new ideas

that are in development and testing.
Testing is used to determine if the
products give the intended results.
If so, products can be mass
produced.
 Technological evolution
Technological evolution is a theory of
radical transformation of society
through technological development.

It is the changes over time in

technology that give humans increased
control over their environment.
 Technology Revolution
Technology is a

1610s, The word generally, defined as broad concept , but

technology the use or Evolution

comes from application of means the Greek word

knowledge to turn process of

“techno-logía“ resource into goods developing and
“techne” and service that
means art, skill society needs or by gradual
or craft and wants or solve a changes
“logía” means problem or study of.
perform a specific
function.
List of some currently available emerged
technologies
 Artificial
Intelligence
DevOps

Robotic
Angular Block chain Processor Internet of
and React
Automation Things (IoT)
(RPA)

Augmented
Cloud Reality and Intelligent
Computing Virtual Big Data Apps (I-Apps)
Reality

Introduction
Therefore, we • Agriculture revolution (First
can divide revolution),
revolution of • Industrial revolution (Second
technology revolution),
profound • Information revolution (Third
change in our revolution), and
human being • knowledge revolution (Fourth
life into 4-steps revolution) that will come in the
such as : future.
Introduction

Fourth revolution can

also call as smart
revolution because
future’s revolution will
be smart society by
new knowledge, ICT,
AI, and etc.
Agriculture

started from This life

16000. Human style
being make a life continues till
with a hunting, first
getting a catch agriculture
fruit and vegetable, revolution.
and others.

revolution was However, this life

style of human being
This life style
continues to had been closed
agriculture and because the
settles down at one agricultural
place. revolution was
 developed through
plant and crop at one
place.

Agriculture revolution
 Timeline of the Agricultural Revolution
• The first agricultural revolution is the period of
transition from a hunting-and-gathering society to
one based on stationary farming.
First agriculture • The technology developed for this period includes
simple metal revolution: tools to cultivate the land.

• The second agricultural revolution went hand in hand

with the Industrial Revolution in the 18th and early
19th.
• New technology was introduced to agriculture for mass
crop.
• Farmers were no longer to limited farms and
commercial farming Second became an idea worth
 exploring. agriculture • The technology developed for
this revolution includes the seed revolution: drill, which
enabled farmers to easily plant rows, new fertilizers
were also introduced as well as artificial feed.
• The green Revolution was the introduction of
advanced technology and agricultural
practices to farms to make farms more
efficient.
Third • This revolution was sparked by the increasing
awareness agriculture
revolution: that the Earth is not renewable and that farms
could not keep expanding outward and
efficiency of land.
 • The current agriculture is changing because
of AI and ICT. That is, AI and ICT is
introducing to agriculture to analyze and to
adjust humidity, temperature without Fourth
weather condition. agriculture
revolution: • Current agriculture do not have competitiveness
without
recognition of customer’s taste
Introduction to the Industrial Revolution
(IR)
Industrial revolution
is defined as
 the changes in
manufacturing and
transportation that began with
fewer things being
made by hand but
instead made using
machines in larger-
scale factories.

Duration : 1700s
and early
1800s, started in
England , with a
 series of
innovations to
make labor more
efficient and
productive
Introduction to the Industrial
Revolution (IR)
Technical advances also
change the way humans
produce things.
The step into production
technology, which was
completely different from the
 past, is also called the
industrial revolution.
The new production technologies
fundamentally changed the working
conditions and lifestyles of people.

Industrial revolutions are

categorized from the first IR to
Industry 4.0.
 Introduction to the Industrial
Revolution (IR)

The following The steam engine,

revolution are •
fundamentally • The age of science and mass
production
changed the
world around • The rise of digital technology ,
and us into • Smart and autonomous systems
modern fueled by data and machine
society. learning.
 Communication.: The
Transportation: The Industry: The Cotton
Telegraph. The
Steam Engine, The Gin. The Sewing
Transatlantic Cable. The
Railroad, The Diesel Machine. Electric
Phonograph. The
Engine, The Airplane Lights.
Telephone.
The Most Important
Inventions of the
Industrial Revolution
 Historical Background (IR 1.0, IR 2.0,
IR 3.0)
The industrial revolution began in Great Britain in the late
1770s before spreading to the rest of Europe.

The evolution is due in part to an increase in food

production, which was the key outcome of the Agricultural
Revolution.

The first European countries to be industrialized after England

were Belgium, France, and the German states.
 The final cause of the Industrial Revolution was the effects
created by the Agricultural Revolution.

The four types of

industries are:
The primary industry involves
getting raw materials e.g.
mining, farming, and fishing.
The secondary industry involves
manufacturing and Electrical power
introduced e.g. making cars and steel.

Tertiary industries provide a

service and digital logic circuit
 e.g. teaching and nursing.
The quaternary industry involves research and development
industries , Networking Cyber Security e.g. IT.

Industrial Revolution (IR

1.0)
• IR was first coined in the 1760s, during the time
where this revolution began
• Transition to new manufacturing processes
– Hand production methods to machines
– The increasing use of steam power
 – The development of machine tools
– Rise of the factory system
Industrial Revolution (IR 1.0)
• The First Industrial Revolution began in the 18th century
through the use of steam power and mechanization of
production.
• What before produced threads on simple spinning wheels,
the mechanized version achieved eight times the volume
in the same time.
• The use of it for industrial purposes was the greatest
breakthrough for increasing human productivity.
• Instead of weaving looms powered by muscle, steam-
engines could be used for power.
• Developments such as the steamship or (some 100 years
later) the steam-powered locomotive brought about further
massive changes because humans and goods could move
great distances in fewer hours
Industrial Revolution (IR 2.0)
• The Second Industrial Revolution began in
the 19th century(somewhere in the 1870s) through the
discovery of electricity and assembly line production.
• The development of methods for manufacturing
interchangeable parts and widespread adoption of pre-
 existing technological systems such as telegraph and
railroad networks.
• Electrical power introduced
 Industrial Revolution (IR
2.0)

Henry Ford Henry Ford station assembled

an While before one

(1863-1947) carried over these entire automobile,

took the idea principles into now the vehicles of
 mass automobile were produced in
production production and partial steps on the

conveyor belt - from a drastically altered

significantly faster
slaughterhouse. it in the process. and at lower
cost.
Industrial Revolution (IR 3.0)
• Began from the late 1950s. “Digital Revolution”
• Factor
 – The mass production
– Digital logic circuits and its derived technologies such
as the computer, hand phones and the Internet.
– Still being practiced until this current day, for example
– the proliferation of digital computers and digital
record
• Since the introduction of these technologies, we are now
able to automate an entire production process - without
human assistance.
• Known examples of this are robots that perform
programmed sequences without human intervention
 Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR
4.0)
• Advancements
– Robotics, Internet of Things (IoT)
– A cyber-physical system
• Mechanism that is controlled or monitored by computer-based algorithms, –
Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machines.
– Artificial Intelligence- for Autonomous Vehicles and Automated Robots

• This is characterized by the application of information and

communication technologies to industry and is also known
as "Industry 4.0".
• It builds on the developments of the Third Industrial
Revolution.
• Production systems that already have computer technology
are expanded by a network connection and have a digital
twin on the Internet so to speak.

Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR

4.0)
• This is the next step in production automation.
• The networking of all systems leads to "cyber-
physical production systems" and therefore
 smart factories, in which production systems,
components and people communicate via a
network and production is nearly autonomous.
Role of Data for Emerging
Technologies
• Data, in today’s business and technology world, is
essential.
• Data is regarded as the new oil and strategic asset
since we are living in the age of big data, and
drives or even determines the future of science,
 technology, the economy, and possibly everything
in our world today and tomorrow.
• Scientific methods is based on data
• The world is full of data. Every action that you
do is data. Every word you speak is a data. You
walk, you dance, you speak, you sleep, you study,
everything is data.
• So, data acts as an input and in this world,
whatever systems exist, it will take data as an input
 Enabling devices and network (Programmable
devices)

• Memory: store information

• Microprocessors: Execute software
In the world instructionstasks such as running a

word processing to perform a wide variety of of

digital program or video game

 electronic • logic: provide specific functions,
including systems, device-to-device interfacing,
data

there are communication, signal processing, data

display, timing and control operations, and

four basic almost every other function a system must

kinds of perform.
devices • Networksservers, mainframes, network
devices, : collection of computers,
 peripherals, or other devices
connected to one another to allow
the sharing of data.
List of some Programmable
devices
• Achronix Speedster • Atmel’s AT91CAP7L •
SPD60 Cypress Semiconductor’s
• Actel’s programmable system-
onchip (PSoC) family
• Altera Stratix IV GT and
Arria II GX • Lattice Semiconductor’s
ECP3
• Lime Microsystems’ • Xilinx Virtex 6 and Spartan
LMS6002 6
• Silicon Blue • Xmos Semiconductor L
Technologies series

Human to Machine
Interaction
• Human-machine interaction (HMI) : refers to the
communication and interaction between a human and a
machine via a user interface.
• HCI (human-computer interaction): the study of how
people interact with computers and to what extent
 computers are or are not developed for successful
interaction with human beings.
• How do users interact with computers?: The user
interacts directly with hardware for the human input and
output such as displays, e.g. through a graphical user
interface. The user interacts with the computer over this
software interface using the given input and output (I/O)
hardware.

Human to Machine
Interaction
• How important is human-computer interaction?
 – Improve the interaction between users and
computers by making computers more user-friendly
and receptive to the user's needs.
• Advantages
– Simplicity, ease of deployment & operations, reduce
solution design time and integration complexity and
cost savings for smaller set-ups.
Disciplines Contributing to Human-Computer
Interaction (HCI)
• Cognitive psychology: Limitations, information
processing, performance prediction, cooperative
 working, and capabilities
• Computer science: graphics, technology,
prototyping tools, user interface management
systems.
• Linguistics.
• Engineering and design.
• Human factors
• Artificial intelligence.
 5. Future Trends in
Emerging Technologies
• Emerging technology trends – Augmented
Analytics in 2019 – Digital Twins
– 5G Networks – Enhanced Edge
– Artificial Intelligence (AI) Computing and
– Autonomous Devices
– Immersive Experiences in
– Block chain
Smart
Spaces
Thank You!!!