Music Defined:

• An artistic form of auditory communication

incorporating instrumental or vocal tones in
a structured (arranged) and continuous
manner.
• The sounds produced by singers or musical
instruments.
• Is the art of combining and regulating
sounds of varying pitch to produce
melodious harmony expressive of different
ideas and emotions
Etymology of MUSIC
• The word 'music' is derived from Ancien Greek (mousiké) '(art)
of the Muses’.
• In Greek mythology, the nine Muses were the goddesses who
inspired literature, science, and the arts and who were the
source of the knowledge embodied in the poetry, song-lyrics,
and myths in the Greek culture.
• musike, from Old French musique and directly
• from Latin, Spanish, Italian musica 'the art of music’,
• In classical Greece, [the term 'music' refers to] any art in which
the Muses presided, but especially music and lyric poetry
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music#:~:text=The%20word%20'music'%20is%20derived,myths%20in%20the%20Greek%20culture.
Origin and History of Music
• Has unknown history
• Significant evidence has been discovered that
very early man developed primitive flutes from
animal bones and used stones and wood as
percussion.
• Voice would have been the first and most natural
means of expression in our distant ancestors,
used to bond socially or comfort a sleepless child.
• Credited from a
biblical character,
Jubail who was said to
played the flute;
Genesis credits him as
the forefather of
certain instrument, Amphion & Zethus

the cinnor or Amphion,

the son of Zeus, who
was given the lyre
 True Definitions of MUSIC
• ꙳ Music is Universal and yet it is also
Relative and Subjective
• ꙳ Music is the chirping of the Birds…
• ꙳ The whistling of a boy while he is
walking
• ꙳ The beautiful sounds a pianist
produces as he touches the keys of a
piano
Origin of Music (History)
The Six Periods of Music
 I. Medieval Ages
• The musical notation began as well as the birth of
polyphony (many sounds)
• music was a dominant art in taverns to cathedrals,
practiced by kings to paupers alike
• the music slowly began to adopt ever more elaborate
structures and devices that produced works of
immense beauty and devotion.
• Hildegard von Bingen and Perotin pioneered many of
the musical forms we still recognize
today including the motet and the
sacred Mass
Early Musical Notation
 Plainchant (Plain Song)
• is the music of the human
voice, unaccompanied by
instruments, singing a single
melodic line. The term is often
used interchangeably with
Gregorian chant, the https://youtu.be/H4ZuHM5krp8

traditional music of the early

period of the Roman Catholic
church.
Gregorian Chant
• is the central tradition of
Western plainchant, a form
of monophonic, unaccompanied sacred
song in Latin (and occasionally Greek) of
the Roman Catholic Church
• Was traditionally sung by choirs of men
and boys in churches, or by men and
women of religious orders in their
chapels. It is the music of the Roman
Rite, performed in the Mass and the
monastic Office
 II. The Renaissance
➢a period of significant changes
in history, including music
➢A new philosophy called TRUMPET
“Humanism” developed in Italy
➢It emphasized that life should be viewed as DULCIAN
a preparation for death
➢Dutch composers and musicians were
arranged to teach and perform in Italian
courts
➢The invention of printing helped spread
these new ideas. SHAWM
III. Baroque
• Italian word “barocco” which means L’ORFEO
The first opera to gain public welcome
bizarre (very strange)
• A time when composers experimented
with forms, styles and instruments
• The development of opera and
instrumental music
• The violin was considered an
important musical instrument during
this time
The Musical Instruments During the
Baroque Age

VIOLIN
HARP
DOUBLE BASS OBOE
IV. Classical
• Characterized by simpler melodies such
as the sonatas (pieces of music)
• The primary instrument is the Piano
Styles:
❖Style Galant-a simple yet more direct style
of music; less complicated and easy to
understand (light & elegant)
❖The Sentimental Style-reflected feelings
and experiences in daily life :
had simpler harmony and
clearer tonality
Piano
• Created by
Bartolomeo Cristofori
in 1709 in Florence
• Was very popular in
the mid 18th century
V. Romantic
➢Characterized by using music to tell a
story and express an idea
➢The use of various instruments including
wind instruments
➢Romanticism is a concept that included
different art mediums; where imagination
and passion were used in the expression
of art
➢Ludwig van Beethoven was a German
composer and pianist. He was a crucial
figure in the
transition between the classical
and romantic eras in classical music
and is considered to be one of the Ludwig van Beethoven
greatest composers of all time
Musical Instruments During The
Romantic Age

flute

saxophone tuba
 VI. The 20th Century
➢Used technology to enhance
compositions
➢Is defined by the sudden emergence
of advanced technology
➢is the most experimenting music
throughout the past era. Lots of new
style music was developed in this
twentieth century period, such as
Surrealism, neo-classicism,
minimalism…etc. This music was
having a huge influence toward not
only to music, but also to the whole
world.
The Types of Music
1. Rock and Roll
• Often written as rock & roll or rock ‘n’ roll
• Evolved in the US during the late 1940s
and early 1950s ELVIS PRESLEY
• is a popular music genre that combines
elements of rhythm and blues (R&B), jazz,
and country music with the addition of
electric instruments. Originally
associated with youth revolt and
transgression, the genre is known for
energetic performances, catchy melodies,
and often insightful lyrics.
•2. Hip Hop Music

•Also called rap music

•Consisting of stylized
rhythmic music
•Commonly
accompanies rapping
3. Folk Music-
is the music of the common
people, as opposed to the
European classical
concert music. Its name is
derived from the German volk,
which means 'people. ' Folk
music began as a traditional
genre, associated with
the folklore of the region
• Examples: Bahay Kubo
Sitsiritsit
Penpendesarapen
Leron Leron Sinta
•4. Art Song
• is a vocal music composition,
usually written for one voice with
piano accompaniment, and
usually in the classical art music
tradition. (a combination of music
and literature)

• Examples: Kundiman
5. Jazz Music-
-is a style of music that
was invented by African American
musicians in the early part of the 20th century.
Jazz music has very strong rhythms and often
involves improvisation.
6. Classical Music-
-serious or conventional music following long-
established principles rather than a folk, jazz, or
popular tradition.
7. The Opera-
-a form of theatre in which music has a leading role
and the parts are taken by singers, but is
distinct from musical theatre
Four Main Properties of Musical
Sounds
1. Pitch 2. Dynamics
➢Refers to the relative ➢The degrees of loudness or
highness or lowness we softness in music.
hear in a sound. Without Loudness is related to the
differences of pitch, aptitude of the vibration
speech would be boring that produces the sound.
and worse, there would be ➢A gradual increase in
no loudness often creates
music as we know it excitement; while a gradual
decrease in loudness can
convey sense of calmness
Four Main Properties of Musical
Sounds
3. Tone Color/Timbre- 4. Duration
- timbre, also known as tone ➢A property of sound that
color or tone quality, is the depends on the length of time
perceived sound quality of a over which vibration is
musical note, sound or tone. maintained; not only high or
Timbre distinguishes low but also short and long.
different types of sound
production, such as choir
voices - and musical
instruments; such as string
instruments, wind
instruments,
and percussion instruments
Medium of Music
1. The Vocal Medium • Classification of Voice Ranges
➢ The human voice as the most for Men & Women
natural form of music
Medium of Music
2. Musical Instruments
➢Any mechanism other than
the voice that produces
musical sounds. Produce
tones more rapidly than the
voice
➢Provide entertainment and
accompany singing, dancing,
religious rites and drama
➢Used also for communication
Elements of Music
a. Rhythm
➢ a regularly repeated pattern of sounds or beats
used in music, poems, and dances
b. Melody
➢ Sometimes called the memory element because
it is what the listener remembers
➢ A series of single tones that adds up to a
recognizable whole; it begins, moves and ends.
It has direction, shape and continuity
Elements of Music
Harmony
➢Refers to the way chords are constructed and how these follow
each other
➢The simultaneous sounding of two or more tones
a. Consonance- is the production of a pleasant-sounding chord
b. Dissonance- the effect of sounds that seem to repel each
other and give
the impression of 2 separate
sounds unblendedly struck
together.
Elements of Music
D. Texture
➢Refers to how many layers of
sound are heard at once, to
what kinds of layers they are
(melody & harmony) and to how
they are related to each other
➢Described as transparent,
dense, thin, thick, heavy or light
Thought to ponder…..

Has music changed the world?

Prepared by:
M’ Karen S. Villanueva
https://youtu.be/XJMbQ7GpmvA