Looking forward

Hazards and risks exchangeably react each other. A hazard is an agent which has the possibility to cause
harm or danger to a vulnerable target. Yet it can be both natural or human cause. Likewise, risk is the chance
that a person will be harmed or experience an adverse health effect if exposed to a hazard, so something bad or
unpleasant happens such as injury or a loss of life when taken for granted.
In this lesson, the concepts on identifying critically hazards and risks will be thoroughly demonstrated and
prior knowledge will basically contribute much and the techniques, skills in doing activities as such. Extra care
and positive values are needed as we undergo or perform things.
After reading this module, the learners should be able to familiarize the following competencies.
1. identify Hazards and Risks in the Workplace
2. familiarize Occupational Health & Safety Signs and Symbols
3. discuss Personal Hygiene and Proper Handwashing

Pre-assessment
Before exploring this module, let us see what you already know about Practice Occupational Health and
Safety Procedures with Hazards and Risks in the Workplace.
Directions: Read each item carefully. Choose the letter that corresponds to your answer and write it on the
space provided on the right side before the number.

____ 1. It is something that can cause harm.

A. Risks B. Hazards C. Equipment D. Injury
____ 2. It has lacking and insufficient machine locks, unsafe workplace situations, and unsafe work practices.
A. Safety hazards B. Physical hazards C. Ergonomic hazards D. Biological hazards
____ 3. It is the improper work techniques and improperly designed working areas, tools, and equipment.
A. Safety hazards B. Physical hazards C. Ergonomic hazards D. Biological hazards
____ 4. It states immediate hazardous situations that will cause death or other serious injuries like Danger
signs and Fire symbols.
A. Red color B. Blue color C. Yellow color D. Green color
____ 5. They indicate the emergency exit location, first aids and other safety equipment.
A. Red color B. Blue color C. Yellow color D. Green color
____ 6. It has something to do with noise, vibration, energy, weather, electricity, radiation and pressure.
A. Chemical hazards C. Physical hazards
B. Ergonomic hazards D. Biological hazards
____ 7. It is caused by organisms such as viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites.
A. Ergonomic hazards C. Biological hazards
B. Safety hazards D. Physical hazards
____ 8. It is the chance, high or low, that any hazard will actually cause somebody harm.
A. Risks B. Hazards C. Equipment D. Injury
____ 9. The damage or harm of the structure or function of the body caused by an outside force, which may
be physical or chemical.
A. Injury B. Risks C. Handwashing D. Safety
____ 10. These are hazards that basically cause stress to a worker.
A. Safety hazards C. Ergonomic hazards
B. Physical hazards D. Psychological hazards
____ 11. It is an awkward postures resulting from improper work methods
A. Safety hazards C. Ergonomic hazards
B. Physical hazards D. Psychological hazards
____ 12. Which of the following is NOT an example of hazard?
A. Knife B. Wet floor C. Food D. Electricity
____ 13. Which is not an adverse health effects?
A. Mortality rate B. Bodily injury C. Effects on children D. Change in body functions
____ 14. The following are the types of workplace hazards EXCEPT:
A. Physical C. Ergonomic
B. Social D. Occupational health and safety
____ 15. The decrease in life span is an example of:
A. Signs and symbols in the workplace C. Psychological hazards
B. Adverse health effects D. Occupational health and safety

LESSON 1: PRACTICE OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND1 | P a g e

SAFETY PROCEDURES
 Looking forward
At the end of this module you will be able to:
1. identify hazards and risks in the workplace;
2. familiarize OHS signs and symbols; and
3. discuss personal hygiene and proper handwashing.

The Portal
Activity 1: let’s try
Directions: Read each item carefully. Choose the letter that corresponds to your answer and write it on the
space provided on the right side before the number.
____ 1. What is the proper way of storing tools and equipment?
A. wash and dry properly before storing
B. store them far from the point of use
C. store knives with the sharp edge up
D. place the dishes anywhere you want
____ 2. Why are tools and equipment needed to be stored properly?
A. to avoid accidents C. to have a good income
B. to impress the customers D. to create a good atmosphere
____ 3. Where are you going to store the knife?
A. in the sink C. in the drawer
B.in the oven D.in the baking pan
____ 4. Which of the following is not a proper way of storing things?
A. Have a designated place for each kind of tools
B. Put frequently used item far from the point of use
C. Cutting board should be stored vertically to avoid moisture collection
D. Do not overcrowd storage area
____ 5. Which part of the kitchen you will place an electrical equipment?
A. near the faucet C. under the table
B. inside the drawer D. beside the door

Activity 2: Identify
Directions: Describe the images below. Choose your answer from the words in the box.

A. Tools are not properly kept.

B. The floor is slippery.
C. The man is not careful in handling the ingredient.
D. The foods are not covered on the table.

1. 2.

3. 4.

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 The Journey
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Hazard - It is something that can cause harm.
Risk - It is the chance, high or low, that any hazard will actually cause somebody harm.
Workplace - It is a place where people work.
Injury - It is a damage or harm of the structure or function of the body caused by an outside force, which may
be physical or chemical.

PPE or Personal Protective Equipment - It is a protective clothing, hairnet, face mask, gloves or other suits or
equipment designed to protect the person’s body free from infection or injury.

Quality standard - It is a set of exact specifications to become a source of action.

Sanitation - It is the practice or way to create a place that promotes good health.
Anatomical - It is relating to bodily structure.
Physiological - It is relating to the way in which bodily part functions.
Psychological - It is relating to the mental and emotional condition of a person.
Stress - It is the body’s way of responding to any kind of demand.

There are many sources of workplace hazards. Examples are electricity, chemicals, working up a ladder,
noise, a bully at work, stress, etc. that has the ability to cause harm or damage the health of a person in a
particular situation.
TYPES OF WORKPLACE HAZARDS:
1. Safety hazards. It has a lacking and insufficient machine locks, unsafe workplace situations, unsafe work
practices.

(slippery floor surface ) (tripping on electrical cord)

2. Biological hazards - It is caused by organisms such as viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites.
(mixed foods inside the refrigerator) (pandemic outbreak)

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3. Chemical hazards. They are solid, liquid, vapor or gaseous materials, dust or fumes.
(Disinfectant sprays, pest sprays) (bleach, dishwashing liquid)

(chemical injected in a dressed chicken)

4. Ergonomic hazards - It is an anatomical, physiological, and psychological demands on the worker, such as
repetitive and strong movements, vibration, high temperatures, and incorrect postures arising from improper
work techniques and improperly designed working areas and tools.

(wrong body posture in lifting) (improper handling of equipment)

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5. Physical hazards. It has something to do with noise, vibration, energy, weather, electricity, radiation and
pressure.
(wet floor) (too much pressure in the blender)

6. Psychological hazards. Those that are mainly causing stress to a worker. This kind of hazard extremely
bothers an individual which affects his health or well-being.

(unhealthy relationship with co-workers) (pressure from work)

EXAMPLES OF HAZARD IN THE WORKPLACE

Hazard in the Workplace Hazard Example Harm Caused To People

1. Object or thing Paring knife Cut/wound
2. Source of energy Electricity Electrical shock
3. Condition Wet floor Slips or falls
4. Substance Benzene (widely used industrial Leukemia
chemical)

Risk is the possibility of something bad happening. It may also apply to situations with property or
equipment loss. For example: Having a vacation in the place during a war.
The following are factors that influence the level of risk:
1. exposure to any hazardous situation
2. exposure to pollution
3. serious effects on the state of exposure

EXAMPLES OF SAFETY MEASURES OR ACTIONS IN A GIVEN SITUATION

SAFETY
HAZARDS RISKS
MEASURES/ACTIONS
1. Manual handling of hand ●Back injury ●Remind and teach workers of
tool such as knives, mortar ●Repetitive strain correct carrying and lifting
and pestle, electric mixer process
2. Incorrectly carrying and ●Back injury ●Remind and teach workers of
lifting heavy things ●Repetitive strain the correct way of the correct
way of lifting process. Tasks
rotation
3. Repetitive movements, ●Back or limb injury ●Remind and teach workers of
bending and awkward ●Repetitive strain the correct way of lifting
working positions process. Task rotation
4. Trip hazards ●Injury ●Let workers know and take
away trip hazards before starting
to work

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WHAT IS AN ADVERSE HEALTH EFFECT?
A general definition of adverse health effect is "any change in body function or the structures of cells
that can lead to disease or health problems".

Here are the following adverse health effects.

 Physical injury
 Disease
 Decrease in life span solvents
 Effects on children, grandchildren, etc. (inheritable genetic effects)
 Effects on the ability to accommodate additional stress
● Change in the way the body functions, grows, or develops
 Effects on a developing fetus (teratogenic effects - disturbs the
development of the fetus, fetotoxic effects -poisonous effect to the
fetus)

The Challenges
Activity 3: Self- Assessment
A. Directions: Identify the following workplace hazards according to its type.
Choose the letter of your answer and write your answer in the space provided.

A. Safety hazards D. Ergonomic hazards

B. Biological hazards E. Physical hazards
C. Chemical hazards F. Psychological hazards

_______ 1. Causing stress to a worker

_______ 2. Unsafe work practices/conditions
_______ 3. Noise, vibration, energy, weather, electricity, radiation and pressure.
_______ 4. Solid, liquid, vapor or gaseous materials, dust, fume or mist
_______ 5. Caused by organisms such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites
_______ 6. Incorrect postures arising from improper work techniques

B. Directions: Identify what is ask. Choose your answer from the words inside the box.

Hazard Injury Workplace Fetotoxic

_______________ 7. A place where people work.

_______________ 8. Damage or harm of the structure or function of the body caused by an outside force,
which may be physical or chemical.
_______________ 9. Something that can cause harm.
_______________ 10. Poisonous effect to the fetus.

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LESSON 2: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY
 The portal
Activity 4: Describe Me
Directions: Describe the images below. Choose your answer from
the words in the box.

signs and symbols storing techniques

hazards and risks workplace area

__________________ ____________________ ___________________ ________________

The Journey
Occupational Health and Safety or OHS is an interdisciplinary area pertaining to protecting the
safety, health and well-being of people undertaking the work. The goal of all occupational health and safety
programs is to promote a safe workplace.

Signs or symbols of OHS in the workplace:

Safety signs are used to identify, warn and help workers to avoid accidents in the workplace or on the
road.
Safety signs consist words, messages and pictorial symbols with various shapes, size and colors.
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SIGN COLORS DEFINITION:

RED COLOR - It states immediate hazardous situations that may result to death or other serious injuries like
Danger signs and Fire symbols.
ORANGE COLOR - It represents a possibly unsafe condition that can cause serious injury and is indicated by
Warning signs.
YELLOW COLOR - It is used to alert on unsafe practices, which if can’t be avoided, may results in minor or
moderate injuries like Caution Signs.
GREEN COLOR - It indicates the emergency exit location, first aids and other safety equipment.
BLUE COLOR - It is used to give safety information.

The challenge
Activity 5. Self-Check
A. Directions. Choose the answer from the box below. Write your answer in the space provided.

Safety signs Green color Yellow Color

Red color OHS Hazards

_______________ 1. It is an interdisciplinary area pertaining to protecting the

safety, health and well-being of people undertaking the work.
_______________ 2. The alert signs that help in giving safety information.
_______________ 3. States immediate hazardous situations that may result to
death or other serious injuries like Danger Signs and Fire
Symbols.
_______________ 4. It indicates the emergency exit location, first aids and other
safety equipment.
_______________ 5. It is used to alert people on unsafe practices, which if can’t
be avoided, may results in minor or moderate injuries like
Caution Signs.

B. Directions: Identify the following color signs according to its definition. Write
only the letter of your answer.

A. B. C. D. E.

_____ 6. Safety information

_____ 7. Danger signs
_____ 8. Caution signs
_____ 9. Serious injuries
_____ 10. Safety equipment

LESSON 3: PERSONAL HYGIENE AND PROPER

HANDWASHING 8|Page
 The Journey
Have you experience eating without washing your hands? What happened?

Personal hygiene is a health practice or habit that helps an individual maintain its good physical
condition. This means maintaining yourself clean to avoid harmful bacteria most especially in the preparation of
food.

Good personal hygiene habits:

1. Washing the body often will help remove your body odor.
2. Regularly wash and trim your hair to maintain a neat and tidy appearance.
3. Wash hands with soap and water before preparing or handling any food so that disease causing germs
may not get onto your hands. If the germs are not washed off before eating or handling the food, germs
may get onto the food.
4. Trim your nails especially if your work is in the food service.
5. Wear proper attire at work. Do not wear loose clothes when working. Make sure your aprons are also
clean.
6. Do not work with food when your hands have a cut or infection. It may lead to food poisoning.
7. Don’t smoke while preparing or handling food as ashes may get into the food.
8. Wear PPE at all time. It keeps you and the food safe at all times.
9. Use a separate towel or cloth in drying dishes, wiping work surfaces, and in wiping your hands.
10. Visit your dentist at least once a year. Dentist can correct any dental problems you may have.

Proper Handwashing

Handwashing prevents the spread of diseases and illnesses. Washing hands with soap removes germs
from our hands. This will help prevent the spread of infections.

Right way in washing your hands:

1. Wet hands with clean running water and apply it with soap.

2. Rub and scrub your hands properly making sure that you scrub your palms, back of your hands, between
your fingers, under your nails, and in your wrists.

3. Continue rubbing for at least 20 seconds or you are to sing a “Happy Birthday Song two times (2X)”.

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 4. Rinse hands properly under running water.

5. Dry hands using a clean towel or air dry.

The challenge
Activity 6. Self-Check
Directions: Number the right way of handwashing in the correct order. Use numbers 1 to 5. Write your answer
in the space provided.
________ Dry hands using a clean towel or air dry.
________ Continue rubbing for at least 20 seconds or you are to sing a “Happy Birthday Song two times (2X)”.
________ Rub and scrub your hands properly making sure that you scrub your palms, back of your hands,
between your fingers, under your nails, and in your wrists.
________ Wet hands with clean running water and apply it with soap.
________ Rinse hands properly under running water.

Activity 7. Self-Check
Directions: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and write FALSE if it is wrong.

10 | P a g e
_____ 1. You are to visit the dentist at least twice a year.
_____ 2. Smoking while preparing foods is good to make a good taste.
_____ 3. Washing the body often helps remove body odor.
_____ 4. You have to wear Personal Protective Equipment at all times.
_____ 5. Use the same towels in wiping the work surfaces and in wiping your hands.

Performance task
Directions: Make FIVE HOUSE RULES poster on how to avoid hazards and risks in your home. Do not
copy the examples given below.

Here are the Example:

Assessment

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Directions: Read each item carefully. Choose the letter that corresponds to your answer and write it on the
space provided on the right side before the number.

____ 1. It states immediate hazardous situations that will cause death or other serious injuries like Danger
signs and Fire symbols.
A. Red color B. Blue color C. Yellow color D. Green color
____ 2. This has something to do with noise, vibration, energy, weather, electricity, radiation and pressure.
A. Chemical hazards C. Physical hazards
B. Ergonomic hazards D. Biological hazards
____ 3. The decrease in life span is an example of a:
A. Signs and symbols in the workplace C. psychological effects
B. Adverse health effects D. Occupational health and safety

____ 4. It is a damage or harm of the structure or function of the body caused by an outside force, which may
be physical or chemical.
A. Injury B. Risks C. Handwashing D. Safety
____ 5. It is an improper work techniques and improperly designed working areas, tools, and equipment.
A. Safety hazards C. Ergonomic hazards
B. Physical hazards D. Biological hazards
____ 6. Which is not an adverse health effects?
A. Mortality rate C. Effects on children
B. Bodily injury D. Change in body functions
____ 7. It is something that can cause harm.
A. Risks B. Hazards C. Equipment D. Injury
____ 8. Those are hazards that basically cause stress to a worker.
A. Safety hazards C. Ergonomic hazards
B. Physical hazards D. Psychological hazards
____ 9. It is the lacking and insufficient machine locks, unsafe workplace situations, unsafe work practices.
A. Safety hazards C. Ergonomic hazards
B. Physical hazards D. Biological hazards
____ 10. The following are examples of hazards EXCEPT:
A. Knife B. Wet floor C. Food D. Electricity
____ 11. It is caused by organisms such as viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites.
A. Ergonomic hazards C. Biological hazards
B. Safety hazards D. Physical hazards
____ 12. The following are the types of workplace hazards EXCEPT:
A. Physical B. Social C. Ergonomic D. Chemical
____ 13. It indicates the emergency exit location, first aids and other safety equipment.
A. Red color B. Blue color C. Yellow color D. Green color
____ 14. It is an awkward postures resulting from improper work methods
A. Safety hazards C. Ergonomic hazards
B. Physical hazards D. Psychological hazards
____ 15. It is the chance, high or low, that any hazard will actually cause somebody harm.
A. Risks B. Hazards C. Equipment D. Injury

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