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Formulario GEI

This document discusses descriptive statistics, random variables, probability distributions, hypothesis testing for one population, and hypothesis testing for two populations. It defines concepts like mean, variance, standard deviation, probability mass/density functions, expected value, and variance for different distributions like binomial, Poisson, uniform, and normal. It also outlines common hypothesis tests like z-tests and t-tests for one sample and two samples, and provides the test statistics, rejection regions, and confidence intervals used for hypothesis testing.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
48 views

Formulario GEI

This document discusses descriptive statistics, random variables, probability distributions, hypothesis testing for one population, and hypothesis testing for two populations. It defines concepts like mean, variance, standard deviation, probability mass/density functions, expected value, and variance for different distributions like binomial, Poisson, uniform, and normal. It also outlines common hypothesis tests like z-tests and t-tests for one sample and two samples, and provides the test statistics, rejection regions, and confidence intervals used for hypothesis testing.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Estadı́stica descriptiva

Media aritmética de datos Media aritmética de datos Varianza poblacional Varianza muestral Desviación tı́pica
tabulados agrupados muestral y poblacional
k k k k k
ni (xi − x)2 ni x2i ni (xi − x)2
P P P P P
ni xi Xk ni mi Xk
x = i=1 x = i=1 i=1 i=1 i=1
p
= fi xi = fi mi s2x = = −x 2
s2x = sx = s2x
N i=1
N i=1
N N N −1
mi = marca de clase

Variables aleatorias

X X h i
2
Discretas P(X = x) = 1 E(X) = x · P(X = x) Var(X) = E (X − E(X)) = E(X 2 ) − [E(X)]2
Zx ∞ Zx ∞ h i Z ∞
2 2
Continuas f (x) dx = 1 E(X) = x · f (x) dx Var(X) = E (X − E(X)) = (x − E(X)) · f (x)dx
−∞ −∞ −∞

Modelos de probabilidad

Nombre Notación Función de Probabilidad/Densidad Función de distribución Media Varianza

Bernoulli B(1, p) P(X = 0) = 1 − p i P(X = 1) = p E(X) = p Var(X) = p(1 − p)


 
n k
Binomial B(n, p) P (X = k) = p (1 − p)n−k , k = 0, 1, . . . , n E(X) = np Var(X) = np(1 − p)
k
λk e−λ
Poisson Pois(λ) P (X = k) = , k = 0, 1, . . . E(X) = λ Var(X) = λ
k!
1−p
Geométrica Geom(p) P (X = k) = (1 − p)k−1 · p, k = 1, 2, . . . E(X) = 1
p Var(X) =
p2
1 x−a b+a (b − a)2
Uniforme U[a, b] f (x) = ,a≤x≤b F (x) = ,a≤x≤b E(X) = 2 Var(X) =
b−a b−a 12
1
Exponencial Exp(λ) f (x) = λe−λx , x > 0 F (x) = 1 − e−λx , x > 0 E(X) = 1
λ Var(X) = 2
λ
1 (x−µ)2
Normal N(µ, σ 2 ) f (x) = √ e− 2σ2 E(X) = µ Var(X) = σ 2
σ 2π
Contraste de hipótesis de una población

Población Contrastes Estadı́sticos de contraste Región de rechazo Intervalo confianza (1 − α)

( ( ( (1a) |z| > z α2 (1b) |t| > tn−1; α2


H0 : µ = µ0 H0 : µ = µ0 H0 : µ = µ0 x − µ0 x − µ0 σ s
N(µ, σ 2 ) 1. 2. 3. (a) z = (b) t = (2a) z < −zα (2b) t < −tn−1; α2 x ± z α2 √ x ± tn−1; α2 √
√σ √s n n
H1 : µ 6= µ0 H1 : µ < µ 0 H1 : µ > µ0 n n
(3a) z > zα (3b) t > tn−1; α2
1. |z| > z α2
pb − p0
( ( (
B(n, p) H0 : p = p0 H0 : p = p0 H0 : p = p 0 z=q
r
pb(1 − pb)
n→∞ 1. 2. 3. p0 (1−p0 ) 2. z < −zα pb ± z α cuando n → ∞
H1 : p 6= p0 H1 : p < p0 H1 : p > p0 n
2
n
3. z > zα

Contraste de dos poblaciones

Dos poblaciones X1 y X2 Contrastes Estadı́stico de contraste Región de rechazo Intervalo confianza (1 − α)

Diferencia medias y
x1 − x2
( ( ( s
varianzas poblacionales H0 : µ1 = µ2 H0 : µ1 = µ2 H0 : µ1 = µ2 z=q 2 σ12 σ2
1. 2. 3. σ1 σ22 1. |z| > z α2 (x1 − x2 ) ± z α2 + 2
conocidas H1 : µ1 6= µ2 H1 : µ1 < µ2 H1 : µ1 > µ2 n1 + n2 n1 n2
E(X1 ) = µ1 ; Var(X1 ) = σ12 2. z < −zα
E(X2 ) = µ2 ; Var(X2 ) = σ22 3. z > zα
( ( (
H0 : µd = 0 H0 : µd = 0 H0 : µd = 0 d
Datos apareados 1. 2. 3. t= 1. |t| > tn−1; α2
H1 : µd 6= 0 H1 : µd < 0 H1 : µd > 0 sbd
d = X1 − X2 √ 2. t < −tn−1;α
n 3. t > tn−1;α
Diferencia medias y x1 − x2
( ( ( t= q r
varianzas poblacionales H0 : µ1 = µ2 H0 : µ1 = µ2 H0 : µ1 = µ2 s n11 + n12 1 1
1. 2. 3. 1. |t| > tn1 +n2 −2; α2 (x1 − x2 ) ± tn1 +n2 −2; α2 · s · +
desconocidas pero iguales H1 : µ1 6= µ2 H1 : µ1 < µ2 H1 : µ1 > µ2 n1 n2
E(X1 ) = µ1 ; Var(X1 ) = σ 2 2. t < −tn1 +n2 −2;α
(n1 − 1)s21
+ (n2 − 1)s22
E(X2 ) = µ2 ; Var(X2 ) = σ 2 s2 = 3. t > tn1 +n2 −2;α
n1 + n2 − 2
Diferencia de proporciones pb1 − pb2 1. |z| > z α2
( ( ( z=r
X1 ∼ B(n1 , p1 ) H0 : p1 = p2 H0 : p1 = p2 H0 : p1 = p2 2. z < −zα
  q
1. 2. 3. pb(1 − pb) n11 + 1
n2 p1 − pb2 ) ± z α2
(b p
b1 (1−bp1 )
+ p
b2 (1−bp2 )
H1 : p1 6= p2 H1 : p1 < p2 H1 : p1 > p2 n1 n2
X2 ∼ B(n2 , p2 ) 3. z > zα
n1 pb1 + n2 pb2
pb = siempre que n1 , n2 → ∞
n1 + n2
Regresión lineal

Estimación Estimación Varianza estimador Varianza muestral Covarianza muestral Correlación Coeficiente de determinación
mı́nimo parámetros muestral
cuadrática
n
sxy (yi − ybi )2
P SCR SCE
βb1 = 2 1 i=1 1 P n 1 P n sxy R2 = =1−
yb = βb0 + βb1 · x sx s2βb = s2x = (xi − x)2 sxy = (xi − x)(yi − y) r= SCT SCT
1
n
n−2 P n − 1 i=1 n − 1 i=1 sx sy
(xi − x)2 n
yi − y)2
P
βb0 = y − βb1 · x i=1 SCR = (b
i=1
n n
(yi − y)2 SCE = e2i
P P
SCT =
i=1 i=1

Contraste Estadı́stico de contraste Región de rechazo Intervalo confianza (1 − α)


(
H0 : β 1 = 0 βb1
t= |t| > tn−2; α2 βb1 ± tn−2; α2 · sβb1
H1 : β1 6= 0 sβb1

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