ANALOG COMMUNICATIONS IMPORTANT QUESTIONS

UNIT-1
1. Draw and describe an expression for AM wave and sketch its frequency
spectrum

2. An amplitude modulated voltage is given by V=100(1+0.4 cos 100t

+0.001 cos3000t) cos 106t. State all frequency components present in the
voltage and find modulation index for each modulating voltage term.
What is the effective modulation index of V.
3. What is meant by modulation and explain the benefits of modulation.
4. Draw the circuit diagram of switching modulator and explain its
operation in detail.

5. Derive an expression for total power content and transmission efficiency

of single tone modulated AM wave.

6. With suitable diagram explain the square law diode modulation method
for AM generation?
7. Explain the concept of Frequency division multiplexing with neat
diagram.
8. A modulating signal is given by m (t) = 2 sin 2π 104t is use to amplitude
modulate a carrier given by c (t) = 10 sin 2π 106t.
i) Write the expression for the modulated wave.
ii) Draw the two sided spectrum of the modulated wave.
9. Describe an expression for multi tone AM wave and sketch its frequency
spectrum. Also derive the expression for total power of multi tone AM in
terms of effective modulation index.

10. An amplitude modulated voltage is given by s (t) =25(1+0.7 cos 5000t -

0.3cos10000t) sin 5×106t.
i)What are the amplitudes and frequencies of carrier and sidebands.
ii) Draw the one sided amplitude spectrum and determine the bandwidth.
11. Draw the block diagram of communication system and explain the
function of each block.
12. Draw the circuit diagram of envelope detector and explain its operation
along with waveforms.

13. Derive the expressions for power and current relations of AM wave in
terms of modulation index.

14. An AM transmitter radiates 9 KW of power when the carrier is

 unmodulated and 10.125 KW of power when the carrier is sinusoidal
modulated. Find the modulation index and %modulation. Now if another
sine wave corresponding to 40% modulation is transmitted
simultaneously, calculate the total radiated power
15. Explain about different types of distortion in envelope detector and how to
overcome them.
16. Write short notes on
i) Square law modulator
ii) Switching modulator

17. Describe an expression for single tone AM wave with neat waveforms and
derive the expression for modulation index µ.

18. Compare low level modulation and high level modulation of AM wave.
19. Draw the block diagram of communication system and explain function of
each block.
20. Explain the concept of Frequency division multiplexing with neat diagram

UNIT-2

1. Draw the Frequency Spectrum of DSB-SC and calculate the percentage

power saving in DSB-SC modulation.
2. Explain the generation and demodulation of VSB modulated wave.
3. Derive the expression of SSB modulated wave for which upper side band
is retained.
4. Explain the detection of DSB signals using COSTAS Loop
5. Draw the circuit and derive the necessary equations to show the carrier
suppression using diode balanced modulator.
6. Define vestigial sideband modulation. Discuss the VSB modulation in the
time domain and frequency domain. What are the advantages and applications.
7. Explain with block diagram the phase discrimination method of generating
SSB modulated waves.
8. Consider a baseband signal m (t) containing frequency components at
100,200 and 400Hz.The signal is applied to SSB modulator together with
a carrier at 100 KHz with only the upper sideband retained. In the coherent
detector used to recover m (t), the local oscillator supplies a sinewave of
frequency 100.02 kHz. Determine the frequency components of the
detector output
9. Draw the block diagram for the generation and demodulation of a VSB
signal and explain the principle of operation.
10. Compare different AM systems in detail. Also list the applications of
 different AM systems.
11. Derive an expression for SSB Modulated wave for which upper sideband
is retained.
12. With neat block diagram explain the third method of generation of SSB
modulated wave.
13. With a neat diagram explain how a SSB wave is generated using Phase
Discriminator method with only USB and rejecting the LSB.
14. Find the various frequency components and their amplitudes in the voltage
given by v (t) = 100 (1+ 0.6 Cos 5000t- 0.3 Cos 100t) sin 6x106 t. Draw
the single sided spectrum. Also evaluate the modulated and sideband
power.
15. Discus the coherent detection of DSB-SC modulated wave with a block
diagram.
16. Discuss the effect of frequency and phase error in demodulation of DSB-
SC wave using synchronous detector.
17. Discuss the effect of frequency and phase error in demodulation of DSB-
SC wave using synchronous detector.
18. What is Quadrature Null Effect. Explain how it can be eliminated using
Coastas loop with neat diagram.
19. List out the methods of generation of SSB-SC signal and explain any one
of the method in detail.
20. Write short notes on
i) Spectrum of VSB.
ii) synchronous detection of SSB-SC.

UNIT-3

1 Explain the generation of N.B.F.M using narrow band P.M generator along with
necessary equations.
2. Draw the circuit diagram of Phase locked loop for detection of FM and explain
its operation.
3. Explain Armstrong method of generation of FM signal.
4. Distinguish between FM and PM by giving its mathematical analysis.
5. Define angle modulation? Explain different types of angle modulations
with mathematical expressions.
6. A Sinusoidal carrier of 10V, 5MHz is frequency modulated by sinusoidal
message signal of 50V, 100 kHz and Kf=50 kHz/V. Find ∆f, β, band width and
power.
7. What is angle modulation? Explain frequency deviation, percent
modulation, phase deviation and modulation index in detail.
8. Explain the Armstrong method of FM generation along with circuit
 diagram.
9. Explain the detection of FM wave using balanced frequency
discrimination along with circuit diagram.
10. Explain about the spectra of NBFM and WBFM along with its
applications
11. For an FM modulator with a modulating signal m(t)= Vm sin300wt, the
carrier
Signal c(t)=8 sin(6.5×106)t and the modulation index β = 2. Find out the
significant side frequencies and their amplitudes.
12. Explain the difference between Narrow band FM and Wide band FM.
13. Derive the expression for the frequency modulated signal. Explain what is meant
by narrowband FM and wideband FM using the expression.
14. Explain the difference between Narrow band FM and Wide band FM.
15. For an FM modulator with a modulating signal m(t)= Vm sin300wt, the carrier
Signal c(t)=8 sin(6.5×106 )t and the modulation index β = 2. Find out the
significant side frequencies and their amplitudes.
16. With a neat sketch explain the principle of operation of Phase locked loop.
17. Explain the principle of Angle Modulation. Derive and explain phase deviation,
Modulation index, frequency deviation and percent modulation
18. Derive the expression for the frequency modulated signal. Explain what is meant
by narrowband FM and wideband FM using the expression
19. Compare the advantages and disadvantages of angle modulation with amplitude
modulation
20. With a neat sketch explain the principle of operation of Phase locked loop.

UNIT-4

1 Explain the Characteristics of RF section.

2. Discuss briefly the similarities and differences between FM and AM receivers.
3. Describe the operation of variable reactance type and phase modulated FM
transmitter.
4. What is the significance of AGC circuit? Differentiate between simple, delayed
and amplify AGC and explain the function with the help of neat diagram
5. Describe the frequency analysis of Angle modulated waves. Explain their
Bandwidth requirements.
6. Compare the noise performance of AM and FM Systems
7. Explain the principle of Angle Modulation. Derive and explain phase deviation,
Modulation index, frequency deviation and percent modulation
8. Distinguish between Narrow band FM over Wide band FM
9. Discuss the frequency stability of FM transmitter.
10. With neat sketch explain the significance of Pre-emphasis and De-emphasis.
11. Draw the block diagram of super-heterodyne receiver for AM and explain each
block.
12. List out the different Classification of Transmitters and explain any one type in
detail.
13. Draw the block diagram of a super heterodyne receiver and explain its operation
What are the advantages of this receiver?
14. List out the advantages and disadvantages of TRF receiver.
15. Explain the Characteristics of RF section.
16. Discuss briefly the similarities and differences between FM and AM receivers.
17. Describe the operation of variable reactance type and phase modulated FM
transmitter.
18. Write short notes on Frequency changing and tracking
19. Discuss the frequency stability of FM transmitter.
20. List out the advantages and disadvantages of TRF receiver

UNIT-5

1 Explain the effect of Noise in DSB system.

2. Discuss about Effective noise temperature and Noise figure
3. With a neat sketch explain the Time Division Multiplexing
4. Explain the demodulation of PWM, with a neat circuit diagram and waveforms.
5. Write short notes on Modeling of Noise Sources.
6. Explain about noise in AM systems.
7 Explain the generation of PWM with a neat circuit diagram and wave forms
8. What are the advantages and disadvantages of PPM over PWM
9. Explain the effect of Noise in SSB system
10. Explain the generation of PPM, with a neat circuit diagram and wave forms
11. Explain the generation of PWM with a neat circuit diagram and wave forms
12. What are the advantages and disadvantages of PPM over PWM
13. What is Noise figure? Find the Average Noise Figure of cascaded networks
14. Discuss threshold effect in angle modulation systems
15. With a neat sketch explain the Time Division Multiplexing
16. What are the advantages and disadvantages of PPM over PWM
17. Explain the generation of PPM, with a neat circuit diagram and wave forms
18. Write short notes on Modeling of Noise Sources.
19. What is multiplexing? Explain with suitable example?
20. Compare and contrast TDM and FDM.