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PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2

Activity Title: Inquiry and Research Activity No.: 1.1

Learning Competency:
1. Describes characteristics, strengths, weaknesses, and kinds of quantitative research.
2. Illustrates the importance of quantitative research across fields.
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Hello! I am Victor, a field researcher, doing a study on the next

pandemic having cave bats as experimental object. Lately, I went to
caves and extracted fluids (saliva and urine) from bats to examine what
viruses are present in them. An experimental research is an example of
Quantitative Research. Join me as I introduce this research.

This type of research answers “what” and “how many/much”

questions which involve measuring or counting attributes. How many
families in Manila do not want to get vaccinated is an example.

Here are some strengths and weaknesses of quantitative research. Study the table below.

STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES
• Faster collecting and • Needs many participants
analyzing data • Costly
• Objective not bias • To focus on numbers than
experiences and stories

This research has its types/kinds such Correlation Research, Casual-Comparative

Research, Experimental Research and Survey Research.

Survey Research, the most common, uses questions to sample participants like online
polls, online survey, paper questionnaires and web-intercept surveys.

Whatever kind of research it is, humans have benefited a lot from it. More than 10 years
ago, Filipino students performed very low in Science, Math and English based on a report. Because
of this problem, K to 12 Program becomes its solution so far.

This time my team and I are getting ready to get bat samples again. Wearing personal
protective equipment or PPE will protect us from any microorganism.

Reference:
Baraceros, Esther L. (2016). RBS Practical Research 2. Rex Book Store, Inc.
Prepared by LEONARDO G. PIGA, JR.
Page 1 of 6
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PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2

Name: Grade & Section:

Activity Title:Inquiry and Research Date:
Activity No.: 1.1
Learning Target:
1. Determine characteristics of quantitative research.
2. Describes strengths, weaknesses, and kinds of quantitative research.
3. Explain the importance of quantitative research across fields.
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DIRECTIONS: Check YES if the responses of participants in the topic below are in numbers
(quantitative). If not, check NO.

YES NO
1. A survey of voters’ preferences in the May 2022 elections.
2. Single parents’ perceptions and experiences regarding their
children’s learning difficulties.
3. The relationship between gender and smoking habits like number
of cigarette packs per day.
4. A political detainee’s experiences inside his prison cell
5. Population density and environmental degradation
6. Whether a plant grows faster indoors or outdoors

DIRECTIONS: Read and answer the questions below.

1. Choose and explain one strength and one weakness of quantitative research.

2. How important is it to make quantitative research today in your field of interest (strand)?

Reference:
Baraceros, Esther L. (2016). RBS Practical Research 2. Rex Book Store, Inc.
Prepared by LEONARDO G. PIGA, JR.
Page 2 of 6
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PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2

Activity Title: Research Variables Activity No.: 1.2

Learning Competency: Differentiates kinds of variables and their uses.
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A variable could be an object, event, idea, feelings, time period or any type of category
that can be identified or measured according to Kalof, Dan & Dietz (2008). Example of a variable
is sex. Under this variable are male and female which are characteristics or attributes of sex.

Other examples are

Variables have classification according to level of measurement.

1. Nominal variable is a name variable which cannot be ranked. Example is sex where
one cannot rank male as number 1 and female as number 2. Both sexes are equal.

2. Ordinal variable is a variable that can be ranked but not equal in status. Example is
exam scores where scores are ranked from highest to lowest and obviously not the
same in interval.

Scores
60 60 to 58 has a difference of 2 while
58 58 to 55 has a difference of 3 and 55
55 to 40 has a difference of 15.
40

3. Interval variable is a variable that is proportion (equal in distance/interval). Example

is year.

Year
2021 Each year is proportion to each
2020 other.
2019

4. Ratio variable has a true zero value such as height (there is zero in height)

To summarize…

Is it a name? Can it be ranked? If no, then it is nominal.

It can be ranked but is it equal? If yes, then it is an ordinal.
It can be ranked and is equal but does it have meaning? If yes, then it’s interval.
It can be ranked, it is equal, has meaning but does it have a TRUE zero value? If yes,
then it is a ratio.
Reference:
Baraceros, Esther L. (2016). RBS Practical Research 2. Rex Book Store, Inc.
Prepared by LEONARDO G. PIGA, JR.
Page 3 of 6
 There are basic types of research are Independent variable is the cause and the
Dependent variable is effect.

For example, for a study on factors affecting Filipinos attitude towards health food, the
dependent variable is Filipinos’ attitude towards health food since it is the subject of the study.
The possible factors that may affect the attitude may be gender, age and economic status which
are the independent variable.

Filipinos’ attitude
Gender
towards health food
(Independent Variable)
(Dependent Variable)

Another example:

Amount of study time

Test scores
allotted by a student
(Dependent Variable)
(Independent Variable)

Variables are important because they help the researcher focus on their studies with
maximum curiosity. Other type of variables is:

A researcher wants to find out if a plant can live for 2 weeks without sunlight.
Other variables like amount of water and type of soil are controlled.

Note: Experimented is the variable to be studied. Example is the amount of sunlight

where Plant A will be under the sun for 8 hours but Plant B will be shady area.

Controlled is the variable the researcher doesn’t want to study or still the same
all the time of the experiment. Example is Plant A and Plant B get the same
amount of water. If Plant A is watered with ½ liter of water, then Plant B should
get the same.

CONTROLLED EXPERIMENTED
• Amount of water • Amount of sunlight
• Type of soil received
• Type of plant
vase/container

Reference:
Baraceros, Esther L. (2016). RBS Practical Research 2. Rex Book Store, Inc.
Prepared by LEONARDO G. PIGA, JR.
Page 4 of 6
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PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2

Name: Grade & Section:

Activity Title:Research Variables Date:
Activity No.: 1.2a
Learning Target:
Identify variables according to levels of measurement and its characteristics/attributes.
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DIRECTIONS: Determine the levels of measurement in the variables below.

___________1. Ethnicity
___________2. Team Scores
___________3. Heart rate
___________4. School Year
___________5. Hair color
___________6. Distance in feet between desks in an office
___________7. Size of family
___________8. Gender of workers in an office
___________9. Commuting time of workers in an office
___________10. Job classification of workers in an office
___________11. Score on a mathematics exam with 50 objectives items
___________12. Level of sugar in blood
___________13. Species of animals in Manila Zoo
___________14. Marital satisfaction
___________15. Military title
___________16. Temperature in degree Celsius
___________17. Birthplace
___________18. Means of transportation
___________19. Favorite type of music (5) nominal (4) interval
___________20. Feeling for today (3) ratio (2) ordinal (1) nominal

DIRECTIONS: Based on your assigned task below, give the characteristics/attributes of the
variables above at the back of the sheet.

1. For STEM
1.1. Surnames starting A to F, give the characteristics of 1-3.
1.2. Surnames starting G to L, give the characteristics of 4-6.
1.3. Surnames starting M to R, give the characteristics of 7-9.
1.4. Surnames starting S to Z, give the characteristics of 10-12.

2. For ABM
2.1. First names starting A to G, give the characteristics of 18-20.
2.2. First names starting H to N, give the characteristics of 15-17.
2.3. First names starting A to G, give the characteristics of 12-14.

3. For HUMSS
3.1. Middle initial starting A to H, give the characteristics of 11-13.
3.2. Middle initial starting I to P, give the characteristics of 16-18.
3.3. Middle initial starting Q to Z, give the characteristics of 8-10.
Reference:
Baraceros, Esther L. (2016). RBS Practical Research 2. Rex Book Store, Inc.
Prepared by LEONARDO G. PIGA, JR.
Page 5 of 6
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PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2

Name: Grade & Section:

Activity Title:Independent and Dependent Variables Date:
Activity No.: 1.2b
Learning Target:
Identify variables according to levels of measurement and its characteristics/attributes.
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DIRECTIONS: For each situation (a) identify the independent variable/s and (b) name the
dependent variable.

Example
A study on the relation between study habits and academic performance of grade 10
students
Independent variable: Study habits of Grade 10 students
Dependent variable: Academic performance of grade 10 students

1. A study on the effect of gender on the athletic performance of student athletes

a)
b)

2. A study on Senior High School student’s choice of types of TV shows

a)
b)

3. A study on the relation of length of study period and the Math scores of the students
a)
b)

4. A study on SHS student’ satisfaction on the quality of online learning

a)
b)

5. A study on whether the choice of type of clothing differs between sexes

a)
b)

6. A study on the extent to which work efficiency affects employee retention

a)
b)

Reference:
Baraceros, Esther L. (2016). RBS Practical Research 2. Rex Book Store, Inc.
Prepared by LEONARDO G. PIGA, JR.
Page 6 of 6