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Module 5 Area Computation

This document discusses several methods for calculating land area, including: 1. Double Meridian Distance and Double Parallel Distance methods, which use bearing, distance, latitude, and departure data from a closed traverse to calculate area. 2. The method of coordinates, which uses northing and easting coordinate data to directly calculate the enclosed area. 3. Trapezoidal and Simpson's 1/3 Rule, which approximate irregular boundaries as a series of trapezoids or parabolic arcs to calculate enclosed areas.

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Aliyah Nathalie Nicole Evans
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183 views

Module 5 Area Computation

This document discusses several methods for calculating land area, including: 1. Double Meridian Distance and Double Parallel Distance methods, which use bearing, distance, latitude, and departure data from a closed traverse to calculate area. 2. The method of coordinates, which uses northing and easting coordinate data to directly calculate the enclosed area. 3. Trapezoidal and Simpson's 1/3 Rule, which approximate irregular boundaries as a series of trapezoids or parabolic arcs to calculate enclosed areas.

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Aliyah Nathalie Nicole Evans
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ESCI 121n

FUNDAMENTALS OF SURVEYING
MODULE 5:Area Computation
Area by DMD and DPD; Area by Coordinates; Trapezoidal and Simpsons 1/3 Rule

Engr. Jaeson Roi C. Cayson


Department of Geodetic Engineering
College of Engineering and Technology
Visayas State University, Baybay City
Learning Outcomes

• Calculate areas using Double Meridian Distance and Double


Parallel Distance Methods
• Calculate areas by using coordinates method
• Calculate areas by irregular boundaries
AREA BY DMD (Double Meridian Distance)

• The use of the double meridian distance (DMD) is to determine the area of a
closed traverse. This method is an adaptation of the method of determining
areas by coordinates. Thus, if the latitudes and departures of a traverse are
known and have been adjusted the area of the traverse may be computed
conveniently by the DMD method.
AREA BY DMD (Double Meridian Distance)

• Rule 1: The DMD of the 1st course is equal to the departure of the course.
• Rule 2: The DMD of any other course is equal to the DMD of the preceding
course plus the departure of the preceding course, plus the departure of the
course itself.
• Rule 3. The DMD of the last course is numerically equal to the departure of
that course, but with the opposite sign.

• Double Area (2A) = DMD x Adjusted Latitude


• Area (A) = (1/2)( DMD x Adjusted Latitude)
AREA BY DPD (Double Parallel Distance)

• The double parallel distance method of area computation is similar to the


double meridian distance method. Double areas can be determined by
multiplying the DPD of each course by the corresponding adjusted departure
of the course.
AREA BY DPD (Double Parallel Distance)

• Rule 1: The DPD of the 1st course is equal to the latitude of the course
• Rule 2: The DPD of any other course is equal to the DPD of the preceding
course plus the latitude of the preceding course, plus the latitude of the
course itself.
• Rule 3. The DPD of the last course is numerically equal to the latitude of that
course, but with the opposite sign.

• Double Area (2A) = DPD x Adjusted Departure


• Area (A) = (1/2)( DPD x Adjusted Departure)
EXAMPLE (Double Meridian Distance)

LINE BEARING DISTANCE LATITUDE DEPARTURE DMD Double Area


(meters) (2a)
1-2 S 82°8’21” E 22.17 -3.03 21.96

2-3 N 17°47’17” E 58.21 55.43 17.78

3-4 S 89° 49’5” W 39.87 -0.13 -39.87

4-1 S 0° 8’ 14” E 52.27 -52.27 0.13


EXAMPLE (Double Meridian Distance)

LINE BEARING DISTANCE LATITUDE DEPARTURE DMD Double Area


(meters) (2a)
1-2 S 82°8’21” E 22.17 -3.03 21.96 21.96 -66.5388

2-3 N 17°47’17” E 58.21 55.43 17.78 61.70 3420.031

3-4 S 89° 49’5” W 39.87 -0.13 -39.87 39.61 -5.1493

4-1 S 0° 8’ 14” E 52.27 -52.27 0.13 -0.13 6.7951

2A 3355.138
AREA 1677.57
EXAMPLE (Double Parallel Distance)

LINE BEARING DISTANCE LATITUDE DEPARTURE DPD Double Area


(meters) (2a)
1-2 S 82°8’21” E 22.17 -3.03 21.96

2-3 N 17°47’17” E 58.21 55.43 17.78

3-4 S 89° 49’5” W 39.87 -0.13 -39.87

4-1 S 0° 8’ 14” E 52.27 -52.27 0.13


EXAMPLE (Double Parallel Distance)

LINE BEARING DISTANCE LATITUDE DEPARTURE DPD Double Area


(meters) (2a)
1-2 S 82°8’21” E 22.17 -3.03 21.96 -3.03 -66.5388

2-3 N 17°47’17” E 58.21 55.43 17.78 49.37 877.7986

3-4 S 89° 49’5” W 39.87 -0.13 -39.87 104.67 -4173.1929

4-1 S 0° 8’ 14” E 52.27 -52.27 0.13 52.27 6.7951

2A 3355.138
AREA 1677.57
AREA BY COORDINATES

• The method of coordinates is another useful method for


computing the area of any closed figure bounded by
straight lines. It is applicable for calculating areas of
either small or large sizes of land.
AREA BY COORDINATES
AREA BY COORDINATES

LINE BEARING DISTANCE NORTHINGS EASTINGS


(meters)
1-2 S 82°8’21” E 22.17 997.95 1065.85

2-3 N 17°47’17” E 58.21 994.92 1087.82

3-4 S 89° 49’5” W 39.87 1050.35 1105.60

4-1 S 0° 8’ 14” E 52.27 1050.22 1065.73

997.95 1065.85
AREA BY COORDINATES
1
• Area = 4427695.705 − 4424340.014
2

AREA = 1677.84 sq. m.


TRAPEZOIDAL RULE

• The assumption made in using the trapezoidal rule is that the ends
of the offsets in the boundary line are assumed to be connected
by straight lines, thereby forming a series of trapezoids.
SIMPSON’S 1/3 RULE

• Simpsons 1/3 Rule is based on the assumption that the curved


boundary consists of a series of parabolic arcs, where each arc is
continuous over three adjacent offsets that are equally spaced.
Because of this assumption, the rule is only applicable when there
is an odd number of offsets and if they are equally spaced.
Trapezoidal Rule
5.72+6.12
A= 5.00 ( 2 + 36.79)
Area = 213.55
Simpsons 1/3 Rule

5.00
A= (5.72 + 6.12 + 2 15.73 + 4 21.06 )
3
AREA = 212.57

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