I.

OBJECTIVES
1. To investigate the amplifying action of a bipolar junction transistor as common-collector
amplifier circuit configuration.

2. To determine the dc operating voltages of common-collector amplifier configuration.

3. To simulate the output signal of a common-collector using oscilloscope with the given input
signal and its voltage phase relationship.

II. BASIC CONCEPT

A common-collector amplifier has very low voltage gain (slightly less than or equal to unity). It is
because the output voltage is almost equal to the input voltage. Also, a common-collector amplifier
exhibits a very high output current compared to the input current. Thus, it exhibits a very high current
gain.

And since the common-collector amplifier has zero degrees phase-shift, and the output voltage
waveform in the emitter is almost identical to the input voltage waveform in the collector (the emitter
‘follows’ the collector), the common-collector amplifier is also called as emitter-follower.

Other characteristics of a common-collector amplifier include high input impedance and a low
output impedance.

III. MATERIALS
Quantity Description
1 470Ω (1/2 W)
1 22K Ω (1/2 W)
1 100K Ω (1/2 W)
1 2N2222 NPN transistor
2 1 uF capacitors
1 0 – 15V DC Power Supply
1 VOM
1 Dual Trace Oscilloscope
1 Signal Generator
1 Breadboard
1 set of connecting wires
IV. WIRING DIAGRAMS

Figure 7.1 Common-Collector Amplifier Circuit

V. PROCEDURE
1. Connect the circuit shown in Figure 7.1.
2. Before connecting the signal generator to the input, measure the Vc,VB, VE, VBE and VCE. Record the
result in Table 7.1.
3. Connect the signal generator to the input and set it to 1KHz with amplitude of 1 Vp-p.
4. Place the oscilloscope probe ch1 at the input (base ground) to measure the input voltage.
5. Draw the input signal indicating its peak-to-peak voltage and record in its proper order setting of the
vertical attenuator of the oscilloscope marked V/division.
6. Using oscilloscope probe ch2, measure the output voltage (Vout) at CE to ground.
7. Draw the output signal indicating its peak-to-peak voltage and record in its proper order setting of the
vertical attenuator of the oscilloscope marked V/division.
8. Calculate the voltage gain of the amplifier from the formula Av = Vout / Vin and record it in Table 7.1.
9. Also, compute the Vc,VB, VE, VBE and VCE and expected gain. Record them in the table. Compare the
measured value from that of the expected value.
VI. DATA AND RESULTS

Table 7.1
PARAMETER MEASURED VALUE EXPECTED VALUE % ERROR
VB 2.443 V 2.70 V 9.52 %
VC 15 V 15 V 0%
VE 1.8 V 2V 10 %
VCE 13.2 V 13 V 1.54 %
VBE 0.643 V 0.7 V 8.14 %
Av 0.9834 V 0.9834 V 0%

VII. SAMPLE COMPUTATIONS

Vc= 15 V

VB = Vc(R2)/R1 + R2 VE= VB-VBE

= 15 V (22kΩ)/ 100 kΩ + 22 k Ω = 2.70 V - 0.7 V

= 2.70 V =2V

VCE= VC - VE VBE= VB - VE

= 15 V - 2 V = 2.70V -2 V

= 13 V = 0.7 V

AV= Vout/ Vin

= 1.964/1.997

= 0.9834V
Percentage Error

VB = | 2.70 V - 2.443 V / 2.70 V |x 100 = 9.52%

VCE = | 13 V - 13.2 V / 13 V |x 100 = 1.54%

VE = | 2 V - 1.8V / 2 V |x 100 = 10 %

VBE = | 0.643 V - 0.7 V / 0.7 |x 100 = 8.14%

VIII. GRAPHS

Figure 1.1
 Figure 1.2

IX. ANALYSIS OF RESULTS

The graphs on the time reference of 1.250ms illustrate that the gain is calculated by
dividing the input by the time reference to the output yielded 0.9974, which is quite near to
one. This outcome demonstrates what was expected. As the input and output values of the
common amplifier circuit are close to one another, the gain of the circuit increases. The
individual voltage levels of the emitter, collector, and base are -7.471V, 0.000V, and -6.796V,
respectively. Respectively, revealed a 0 percent inaccuracy. The plots for input and output
indicated that they were both sinusoidal. Waves with an output that is less than the input.
X. CONCLUSIONS
In the experiment, the group discovered that a common-collector amplifier, also known
as an emitter-follower amplifier, was used. Follower is a high current gain, unity gain amplifier.
The emitter's voltage gain is lower, but it is still significant. Unlike the common emitter amplifier,
the common collector amplifier's output voltage is higher in current gain. The output voltage is
in phase with the input voltage. Following the experiment, we will be able to replicate the
circuit on the computer. Multisim and the ability to compare the measured and predicted
values. The student discovered that the gain of a common-collector amplifier is lower in this
experiment. Greater than one, which is comparable to the gain recorded in the experiment. The
learner might get to the conclusion that because all of the measured values have a 0% error,
they are all correct.

The experiment revealed that the amplifying action of a BJT, as well as its dc operating
voltage and output signal modeling within a common-base amplifier setup, an oscilloscope is
used. I can infer from the experiment that the Common Collector Amplifier is a good choice.
Due to its modest amplification of the Voltage Input, it is a kind of Bipolar Junction Transistor.
The voltage gain is less than or nearly equal to 1, as demonstrated in the experiment. The
voltage gain is less than one. The Common Collector Amplifier, on the other hand, has a large
current gain because the input has a high resistance and the output has a low resistance. The
students must determine the dc voltage of the circuit to complete this experiment.
Configuration of a common-collector amplifier. After completing this procedure, it was
discovered that all of the In the experiment, the measured values are similar to the predicted
values. We might state that the calculated because all of the percentage mistakes are close to
zero, the values are correct.

XI. SELF-TEST QUESTIONS

1. Describe the gain characteristics and circuit recognition features of the common collector
amplifier.

A good transistor has these following characteristics: High gain, high input impedance,
high bandwidth, high slew rate, high linearity, high efficiency, high stability and more.
The collector terminal is used as a common for both input and output signals in the
Common Collector transistor arrangement. Because the emitter voltage follows the base
voltage, this setup is also known as emitter follower. Typically, the emitter follower setup is
utilized as a voltage buffer. Because of their high input impedance, these designs are commonly
employed in impedance matching applications.

2. What are the effects of loading on the value of Av, for an emitter follower?
 The voltage gain is lower, but it's close to one. It's important to note that it is positive,
indicating that the output voltage is in phase with the input voltage.

3. Describe the overall ac analysis procedure for a common collector.

When using the common-collector circuit to amplify AC signals, the same input "biasing"
as is used in the common-emitter circuit is required: a DC voltage must be applied to the AC
input signal to keep the transistor in its active mode throughout the cycle. The
common-collector amplifier circuit is also known as a voltage follower or emitter-follower
amplifier because the emitter load voltage follows the input voltage so closely.

XII. APPLICATION (CIRCUIT SIMULATION)

Obtain the output impedance, modify the amplifier as shown

Procedure:

a. Run a 20 milliseconds time from the oscilloscope and obtain the ratio of
RMS(V1(Vtest))/RMS(I(C2)). This ratio is equal to the output impedance.

b. Compare this value to its theoretical one.

Experimental:

𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠 1.19𝑉
𝑍𝑜 = 𝐼 = 1.19𝑚𝐴 = 1kΩ
𝑟𝑚𝑠

Theoretical:

26𝑚𝑉
𝑅𝑒 = 647𝑢𝐴 = 40.18Ω 𝑅𝐸 = 1kΩ

(40.18Ω)(1𝑘Ω)
𝑍𝑜 = 𝑅𝐸 || 𝑅𝑒 = 40.18Ω+1𝑘Ω
= 38.63Ω