BONUS:

Here’s your perfect

By: Jamie MILLER
I'm the first to say that I'm not perfect
And you're the first to say you WANT the best thing
But now I know a perfect way to let you go
Give my last hello, HOPE it's worth it
Here's your perfect
Type the LETTER of your choice.
A. Gram Positive Bacteria
B. Gram Negative Bacteria
Shigella - B
Escherichia - B
Salmonella - B
Proteus - B
Providencia - B
Morganella - B
Citrobacter - B
Hafnia - B
Klebsiella - B
Enterobacter - B
Yersinia - B
Serratia - B
Edwardsiella - B
Clostridium - A
Bacillus - A
Vibrio - B
Neisseria - B
Veilonella - B
Branhamella - B
Straphylococcus - A

Capsule in an unrecognized material

Slime layer is organized and is firmly
Both are false

The following are incorrectly paired, except:

a. Babes Ernst granules -  Corynebacterium diphtheria
b. Much granules – Mycobacterium leprae
c. Bipolar bodies – Listeria monocytogens
 d. Volutin granules - Clostridium botulinum
e. Two of the above

Endospores of some bacteria are:

I. Small, dormant structures located inside the bacterial cell
II. Aid in the survival bacteria against external conditions
III. Produced with vegetable cells of some Gram-negative bacteria
IV. Composed of dipicolinic acid and calcium ions
V. Responsible for multiplication
a. I and II
b. III only
c. III, IV and V
d. I, II, IV
e. I, II, III, IV, V

True motility and Brownian Movement are best observed through the:
a. SIM
b. Flagellar staining
c. Hanging drop method
d. Two of the above
e. All of the above

Ways of demonstrating motility in the laboratory:

I. Hanging Drop Method
II. SIM
III. Flagellar staining
IV. Serologic test
V. Indirect Antiglobulin Test (IAT)
VI. Light Microscopy
a. I and II
b. I, II, III
c. I, II, III, IV
d. I, II, III, IV, V
e. I, II, III, IV, V, VI
The following are clinically relevant aerobic actinomytes that contains mycolic cell wall,
except:
I. Nocardiopsis
II. Rhodococcus
III. Gordonia
IV. Tsukamurella
V. Corynebacterium
a. I only
b. II only
c. I and III
d. IV and V
e. NOTA

True regarding periplasmic space, except:

I. Typically found only in gram-negative bacteria
II. Bounded by the internal surface of the outer membrane and the external surface
of the cellular membrane encompassing the thin peptidoglycan layer
III. Contains the murein layer, consists gellike matrix containing nutrient-binding
proteins that assist in the capture of nutrients from the environment
IV. Contains several enzymes involved in the degradation of macromolecules and
detoxification of environmental solutes, including antibiotics that enter through
the outer membrane
V. Acts as a sleve, allowing water-soluble molecules to enter through protein-lined
channel
a. I only
b. I and III
c. II and IV
d. III and V
e. V only

True regarding bacterial cytoplasmic membrane, except:

I. Present in both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria
II. Deepest layer of the cell envelope
III. Consist of phospholipid bilayer, various proteins, including a number of enzymes
vital to cellular metabolism
IV. Serves as an additional osmotic barrier
V. Absence of sterols except Mycoplasma
a. I and II
 b. I, II, III
c. I, II, III, IV
d. I, II, III, IV, V
e. NOTA
After application of 95% alcohol on gram negative bacteria, the resulting color is
a. Purple
b. Pink
c. Red
d. Colorless
e. Two of the above

Erythromycin attach to the 30S subunit and interfere with protein synthesis. Streptomycin
interfere with protein synthesis by attaching to the 50S subunit.
a. First statement is True; Second statement is False
b. First statement is False; Second statement is True
c. Both statements are True
d. Both statements are False

Gram positive bacteria have:

a. High susceptibility to chloramphenicol
b. High resistance to physical disruption
c. Low susceptibility to penicillin
d. Low resistance to sodium azide
e. Two of the above

The following are gram-positive bacteria, except:

I. Branhamella
II. Bordetella
III. Vibrio
IV. Bacteriodes
V. Actinomyces
VI. Eryspelothrix
a. I and II
b. I, II, III
c. I, II, III, IV
d. I, II, III, IV, V
e. I, II, III, IV, VI
Large plasmids are responsible for the production of B-lactamase that provide the resistance
to B-lactam antibiotics. Tetracyclines and Chloramphenical are examples of B-lactam
antibiotics.
a. First statement is True; Second statement is False
b. First statement is False; Second statement is True
c. Both statements are True
d. Both statements are False
The filament of flagella is the outermost region. It is constant in diameter and contains the
globular (roughly spherical) protein flagin arranged in several chains that intertwine and form
a helix around a hollow core.
a. First statement is True; Second statement is False
b. First statement is False; Second statement is True
c. Both statements are True
d. Both statements are False

Mycolic acid is the major lipid component of an acid-fast cell wall. It is a strong “hydrophilic”
molecule that forms a lipid shell around the organism and affects its permeability. It make
Nocardia spp. Difficult to stain with the Gram stain.
a. First statement is True; Second statement is False; Third statement is True
b. First statement is False; Second statement is True; Third statement is False
c. First statement is False; Second statement is True; Third statement is False
d. All statements are True
e. All statements are False
(WALA SA CHOICES, KASI 1 ST STATEMENT IS TRUE, 2ND STATEMENT IS FALSE AND 3RD
STATEMENT IS FALSE)

Capsules are made up of polysaccharide polymers. Exemptions are Poly-D-glutamic acid

capsules of Bacillus anthracis and Bacillus subtilis.
a. First statement is True; Second statement is False
b. First statement is False; Second statement is True
c. Both statements are True
d. Both statements are False

Sex pilus plays a role in bacterial adherence to surfaces thus contributing to virulence. It
serves as the conduit for the passage of DNA from donor to recipient during conjugation. It
presents only in cells that produce a protein referred to as the F facto.
a. First statement is True; Second statement is False; Third statement is True
 b. First statement is False; Second statement is True; Third statement is False
c. First statement is False; Second statement is True; Third statement is False
d. All statements are True
e. All statements are False

Framework of protein fibers extending throughout the nuclear interior

a. Nuclear Lomina
b. Nuclear matrix
c. Nucleus
d. Nuclear envelope
e. NOTA
Cyanobacteria shows gliding motility. On the other hand, N. gonorrheae shows twitching
motility.
a. First statement is True; Second statement is False
b. First statement is False; Second statement is True
c. First statement is False; Second statement is True
d. Both statements are True
e. Both statements are False

Gram negative bacteria have high susceptibility to Sulfonamides. But they are not susceptible
to chloramphenicol and tetracylines. Listeria monocytogenes is an example of gram negative
bacteria.
a. First statement is True; Second statement is False; Third statement is True
b. First statement is False; Second statement is True; Third statement is False
c. First statement is False; Second statement is True; Third statement is False
d. All statements are True
e. All statements are False

All bacteria consists of a single continuous circular molecule ranging in size from 0.58 to
almost 10 million base pair, except:
a. Borellia burgdorferi
b. Streptococcus pyogenes
c. Brucella melitensis
d. Two of the above
e. NOTA
Different types of cell wall structures traditionally have been categorized according to their
staining characteristics. Gram-positive and gram-negative cells can lose their cell walls and
grow as L-forms in media supplemented with serum or sugar to prevent osmotic rupture of
the cell membrane.
a. First statement is True; Second statement is False
b. First statement is False; Second statement is True
c. First statement is False; Second statement is True
d. Both statements are True
e. Both statements are False

Main functions of microfilaments, except:

a. Maintenance of cell shape
b. Muscle contraction
c. Cytoplasmic streaming in plant cell
d. Cell motility
e. NOTA
Lysosomes contain enzymes that remove hydrogen atoms from various substrates and
transfer them to oxygen, producing hydrogen peroxide as a by-product. They use oxygen to
break fatty acids down.
a. a First statement is True; Second statement is False
b. First statement is False; Second statement is True
c. First statement is False; Second statement is True
d. Both statements are True
e. Both statements are False

Spirochetes are group of bacteria that have unique structure and motility. They move by
means of ENDOFLAGELLA.
a. a First statement is True; Second statement is False
b. First statement is False; Second statement is True
c. First statement is False; Second statement is True
d. Both statements are True
e. Both statements are False

The cortex of an endospore is the thickest layer. It is composed of a keratin-like protein

containing many intramolecular disulfide bonds. It also contains an unusual type of
peptidoglycan, with many fewer cross-links than are found in cell wall peptidoglycan.
a. First statement is True; Second statement is False; Third statement is True
b. First statement is False; Second statement is True; Third statement is False
 c. First statement is False; Second statement is True; Third statement is False
d. All statements are True
e. All statements are False

BONUS:
Here’s your perfect
By: Jamie MILLER
I'm the first to say that I'm not perfect
And you're the first to say you WANT the best thing
But now I know a perfect way to let you go
Give my last hello, HOPE it's worth it
Here's your perfect

Reagents of Acid Fast Staining using Cold Method, except:

I. HCL
II. Methylene blue
III. Malachite green
IV. Alcohol
V. Phenol
VI. Tergitol
a. I and II
b. I and III
c. III and IV
d. IV only
e. V and VI

The lipopolysaccharide of the outer membrane consists of:

I. KDO
II. Heptose
III. Antigenic H – specific polysaccharide
IV. Exotoxin
V. Lipid A
 a. I only
b. I and II
c. I, II, III
d. IV and V
e. NOTA

The following are correctly paired, except:

I. Lipid A : Gram negative cell wall
II. Teichuronic acid : Gram positive cell wall
III. N-glycolylmuramic acid: Acid-fast cell wall
IV. Endotoxin: Gram negative cell wall
V. Beta-hydroxymyristic acid: Gram positive cell wall
VI. Mycoplasma: Acid-fast cell wall
a. I and II
b. III and IV
c. IV and VI
d. V and VI
e. VI only

Gram positive cell wall is composed of a very thick protective peptidoglycan (murein) layer. It
consists of glycon (polysaccharide) chains of alternating N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (NAG) and N-
acetyl-d-muramic acid (NAM). Gram negative bacteria has thinner layer of peptidoglycan and
a different cell wall structure, are less affected by Penicillin.
a. First statement is True; Second statement is False; Third statement is True
b. First statement is False; Second statement is True; Third statement is False
c. First statement is False; Second statement is True; Third statement is False
d. All statements are True
e. All statements are False
THIS IS THE FAMILY PEDIGREE OF ABBY WHO HAS CYSTIC FIBROSIS, AN AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE
DISEASE.
WHAT IS THE RISK THAT ANY CHILD THAT ABBY MAY HAVE WILL BE A CARRIER OF A CYSTIC FIBROSIS
MUTATION?
B. 50%

WHAT IS THE CHANCE THAT ABBY’S BROTHERS ARE CARRIERS OF THE CYSTIC FIBROSIS MUTATION?
C. 50%
HERITABLE TRAITS, BOTH NORMAL AND DISEASE PRODUCING, ARE DETERMINED BY WHICH OF THE
FOLLOWING?
A. PROTEIN-CODING GENES, RNA-CODING GENES, AND EPIGENETIC CONTROL
B. INTRONS AND EXONS OF PROTEIN-CODING GENES WITH EPIGENETIC CONTROL
C. PROTEIN-CODING GENES, PROCESSED PSEUDOGENES AND RETROGENES, AND EPIGENETIC
CONTROL
D. RNA-CODING GENES UNDER EPIGENETIC CONTROL

LOUISA AND KEVIN HAVE TWO HEALTHY SONS, PRESTON AND JADEN. LOUISA HAS A FULL BROTHER,
BRIAN, WITH G6PD DEFICIENCY. LOUISA’S MOM, LYNNE, HAS TWO BROTHERS WITH G6PD
DEFICIENCY. LOUISA IS CURRENTLY 10 WEEKS PREGNANT BY HER NEW PARTNER, ISAA. WHAT IS THE
RISK THE CURRENT FETUS HAS G6PD DEFICIENCY?
A. ¼

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING DESCRIBES WHAT HAPPENS IN A FAMILY WHERE ONE OF THE PARENTS
HAS A MITOCHONDRIAL DISEASE?
A. ONLY FEMALES WILL BE AFFECTED IF THE FATHER HAS THE DISEASE B. ONLY MALES WILL BE
AFFECTED IF THE MOTHER HAS THE DISEASE. C. ALL OF THE CHILDREN OF AN AFFECTED FATHER
WILL INHERIT THE DISEASE. D. ALL OF THE CHILDREN OF AN AFFECTED MOTHER WILL INHERIT THE
DISEASE. E. NONE OF THE ABOVE

WHICH ONE OF THE FOLLOWING IS A CHARACTERISTIC OF THE MITOCHONDRIAL GENOME?

A. REPLICATION OF THE DNA OCCURS IN THE NUCLEUS. B. THE DNA IS BOUND TO HISTONES. C. IT
HAS A VERY LOW MUTATION RATE. D. THERE ARE NO INTRONS PRESENT. E. NONE OF THE ABOVE

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS A CHARACTERISTIC OF MITOCHONDRIAL DISORDERS?

A. ALL CELL TYPES IN THE BODY ARE EQUALLY AFFECTED BY MITOCHONDRIAL DISORDERS. B. THE
DEGREE OF SEVERITY IS THE SAME FOR MOST AFFECTED INDIVIDUALS. C. THERE IS A THRESHOLD
LEVEL OF MUTATED MITOCHONDRIA THAT MUST BE REACHED BEFORE CLINICAL SYMPTOMS
APPEAR. D. THEY ARE INHERITED IN A MENDELIAN FASHION. E. NONE OF THE ABOVE

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING DESCRIBES THE MAIN DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MEIOSIS AND MITOSIS?
A. AFTER MITOSIS IS COMPLETE THERE ARE 23 CHROMOSOMES IN EACH CELL. B. AFTER MEIOSIS IS
COMPLETE, THERE ARE 46 CHROMOSOMES IN EACH CELL C. THE NUMBER OF CHROMOSOMES IS
REDUCED BY HALF DURING MITOSIS D. HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES PAIR DURING MEIOSIS E.
NONE OF THE ABOVE

TETRAPLOID CELLS ARE THE RESULT OF THE FAILURE OF WHICH ONE OF THE FOLLOWING
PROCESSES?
C. CYTOKINESIS OF MITOSIS

KARYOTYPE ANALYSIS CAN BE CONDUCTED ON CELLS THAT HAVE ENTERED WHICH ONE OF THE
FOLLOWING STAGES OF CELL DIVISION?
B. METAPHASE OF MITOSIS

ONE OF THE TWO PLACES IN THE CELL CYCLE WHERE A RESPONSE TO DNA DAMAGE OCCURS IS
WHICH ONE OF THE FOLLOWING?
A. G2 CHECKPOINT

THE “REDUCTION DIVISION” IN WHICH THE NUMBER OF CHROMOSOMES IN A GERM CELL IS

REDUCED FROM 46 TO 23 CHROMOSOMES OCCURS DURING WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING?
C. MEIOSIS I

REDUCED FACTOR VIII CLOTTING ACTIVITY WITH NORMAL VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR IS A FINDING
IN WHICH ONE OF THE FOLLOWING?
D. HEMOPHILIA A

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING ARE MULTIFACTORIAL DISORDERS?

C. DIABETES, MOST CANCERS

CONSANGUINITY INCREASES THE RISK FOR WHICH ONE OF THE FOLLOWING?

C. AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT DISORDERS

ALL OF THE FOLLOWING ARE TRUE OF AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT TRAIT, EXCEPT:

D. USUALLY MORE MALES THAN FEMALES ARE AFFECTED

A MALE AFFECTED WITH AN X-LINKED DOMINANT TRAIT WILL HAVE WHAT PROPORTION OF
OFFSPRING AFFECTED WITH THE TRAIT?
C. ALL DAUGHTERS AND NO SONS

AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE TRAITS OFTEN APPEAR IN PEDIGREES IN WHICH THERE HAVE BEEN
CONSANGUINE MATINGS, BECAUSE THESE TRAITS:
A. TEND TO SKIP GENERATIONS.

GENES LOCATED ON THE SAME CHROMOSOME THAT TEND TO BE INHERITED TOGETHER ARE:
C. GENE LINKAGE

RIBONUCLEIC ACID DOES NOT CONTAIN:

B. THYMINE

THE DNA BEARS THE GENETIC INFORMATION OF AN ORGANISM, THESE IMPLIES THAT:
A. DNA FROM DIFFERENT TISSUES IN THE SAME ORGANISM SHOULD USUALLY HAVE THE SAME
BASE COMPOSITION

IN A DNA MOLECULE THE THYMINE CONCENTRATION IS 30%, THE ADENINE CONCENTRATION WILL
BE
C. 30%
WHAT IS THE END PRODUCT OF PURINE CATABOLISM IN HUMANS?
C. URIC ACID

WHICH PEDIGREE BEST REPRESENTS THE MODE OF INHERITANCE FOR AN AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE
CONDITION?
B. PEDIGREE C

WHICH PEDIGREE BEST REPRESENTS THE MODE OF INHERITANCE FOR AN X-LINKED DOMINANT
CONDITION?
B. PEDIGREE A

WHICH PEDIGREE BEST REPRESENTS THE MODE OF INHERITANCE FOR AN X-LINKED RECESSIVE
CONDITION?
D. PEDIGREE D

THE FUNCTIONAL PORTION OF THE GENE THAT CODES FOR PROTEINS IS WHICH ONE OF THE
FOLLOWING?
. EXONS

RUDY IS AFFECTED WITH GAUCHER DISEASE, AN AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE CONDITION. HIS WIFE IS
NOT AFFECTED BUT IS A CARRIER. WHAT IS THE RISK FOR THEIR DAUGHTER TO BE AFFECTED WITH
THE CONDITION?
D. 75%

WHO SHOWED THAT DNA IN SEVERAL SPECIES CONTAINS EQUAL AMOUNTS OF THE BASES?
B. ERWIN CHARGAFF

MRS. SIPPI COMES TO YOU FOR GENETIC COUNSELING. SHE IS PREGNANT WITH HER 2ND CHILD, A
CYTOGENETICALLY NORMAL MALE BY AMNIOCENTESIS. HER MOTHER HAD 2 BROTHERS WITH
HAEMOPHILIA A AND ONE NORMAL BROTHER. THE PATIENT HAS NO BROTHERS. WHAT IS THE RISK
FOR THIS MALE FETUS TO HAVE HEMOPHILIA A?
B. 1/4
1. All bacteria consists of a single continuous circular molecule ranging in size from 0.58 to almost
10 million base pair,except:
 Borrelia burgdorferi
2. All of the following proteins to cell theory, except:
 None of the above
3. All of the terms listed below occur during interphase except:
 Chromosome replication
4. A gene characteristics that is always expressed is known as being:
 Dominant
5. All of the terms listed below occur during interphase except:
 Chromosome replication
6. All of the following are true of an individual’s DNA except:
 Environmental mutagens
7. At the end of meiosis I, the resulting two cells are:
 Genetically identical
8. After application of 95% alcohol on gram negative bacteria, the resulting color is
 Colorless
9. Biochemical analysis of a plasma membrane sample showed about 20-25% cardiolipin content (a
type of membrane lipid ). Most probably the sample is from:
 Mitochondrial outer membrane
10. Cyanide is a mitochondrial toxin. The mechanism of action of cyanide is by inhibiting:
 Cytochrome c oxidase
11. Capsule is an organized material that is loosely attached to the cell wall. Slime layer is organized
and is firmly attached to the cell wall.
 Both false
12. Cells which require large amounts of energy would likely contain relatively high numbers
 Mitochondria
13. During catabolic activity, the potential for oxidative insult can be considerable. Which of the
following cellular structures functions primarily to reduce this potential insult?
 Peroxisome
14. During G1 phase of cell cycle, cell increases:
 Supply of proteins
15. DNA replication:
 Occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell
16. Examples of cells that remains in G0 phase semi-permanently are
 Cells of arms and legs
17. Early scientists named the material within the nucleus of a cell when it is not dividing with a
term that means “colored material” What is the term?
 Chromosomes
18. Genetic variations among offspring due to:
 1,2,3,4
19. Gram positive bacteria have:
 High resistance to physical disruption
20. Gram positive cell wall is composed of very thick protective peptidoglycan (murein layer). It
consists of glycan (polysaccharide) chains of alternating N-acetyl-dglucosamine (NAG)…
 All statements are true
21. He developed a method for transferring DNA fragments separated in a gel to a filter, preserving
the relative positioning of the fragments, which remains one of the most valuable techniques for
identifying cloned genes.
 Edward M. Southern
22. In what phases is the genetic material in the cell correctly referred to as chromatids?
 Anaphase and Metaphase
23. It is the set of alleles that an individual organism possesses.
 Genotype
24. If you view a cell in which the genetic material is beginning to be visible as separate bodies, and
the nucleoli have disappeared from view, you may surmise that the cell is in:
  Prophase
25. Lysosomes can be expected to be present in large numbers in cells which:
 Carry out
26. Large plasmids are responsible for the production of B-lactamase that provide resistance to B
lactam antibiotics. Tetracyclines and Chloramphenical are examples pf B lactam antibiotics
 First true second false
27. Lysosomes can be expected to be present in large numbers in cells which
 Carry out phagocytosis
28. Move a molecule across the cell membrane at the expense of a previously established ion
29. Mycolic acid is the major lipid component of an acid fast cell wall. It is astrong “hydrophilic”
molecule that forms a lipid shell around the organism and affects its permeability. It make
Nocardia spp. Difficult to stain with the Gram stain.
 First true,2nd false,3rd true
30. Muscular dystrophy, a devastating disease that cripple and kills children are caused by:
 Mutation in dystrophin
31. Microtubules are:
 Affected by cancer-fighting chemicals such as taxol.
32. Publish his comprehensive theory evolution, synthesizing Mendelian inheritance and Darwinian
selection as The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection.
 Ronald A. Fisher
33. Phase in which cell cycle starts after its production is called:
 G1 phase
34. Red blood cells in the blood repel each other due to:
 Carbohydrates
35. Synaptonemal-complex formation happens in:
 Zygonema
36. The term “homologous chromosomes”
 Means a pair of chromosomes…
37. The following are incorrectly paired, except:
 Babes-Ernst
38. The complex DNA and histones making up chromosomes is called:
 Chromatin
39. The fluidity of plasma membrane increase with
 Increase in unsaturated fatty acids
40. The cortex of an endospore is the thickest layer. It is composed of a keratin-like protein
containing many intramolecular disulfide bonds. It also contains an unusual type of
peptidoglycan, with many fewer cross-links than are found in cell wall peptidoglycan.
 Peroxisome
41. The most abundant molecules in the cell membrane are:
 Phospolipids
42. The central dogma of molecular biology is that DNA transcribed into RNA, which is then
translated into protein, The translation takes place on the ribosomes. Which of the following
RNAs are the main components of the ribosomes?
 rRNA
43. The cleavage of spectrin network in the cell by the proteolytic enzyme calpane indicate:
  Necrosis of cell
44. The nitrogenous bases that make up the nucleotides of DNA are listed in which one of the ff
 Adenine, thymine,cytosine, guanine
45. Time in cell cycle when metabolic activity of cell is high classified a
 Interphase
46. This group includes all organisms whose cells contain an elaborate network of internal
membranes, a membrane-bounded nucleus, and mithocondria.
 Eukarya
47. True motility and Brownian Movement are best observed through the:
 Hanging drop method
48. What theory proposed that the cells in the reproductive organs carry a complete set of genetic
information that is passed to the egg and sperm?
 Pangenesis
49. Which of the following cell organelle can be viewed by light microscope?
 Mitochondria
50. What is the sequence of organelles that a secreted protein would have passed through on its
journey
 Rough ER to golgi apparatus to cell membrane
The synthesis of a new molecule of dna is called replication this process contains many
enzyme and cofactor the first step of the process involves breakage of the hydrogen bonds
that hold the dna strand together.
-All statement are true
The appearance or manifestation of a character
E. Nota
synopsis is complete during pachytene chromosomes continue to condense and now appear
as speaker threads the paired homologous from structure called bivalent
D.All Statement are true
noel and hungerford reported the presence of the philadelphia chromosome philadelphia
chromosome is associated with
Cml
which of the following statement best describes the chemical composition of plasma
membrane
A.Plasma membrane is bilayers of phospholipids with associated protein and carbohydrates
Which statement accurately describe the process of fluorescent in situ hybridization
B.Hybridization performed directly on intact chromosomes
Which of the following is not true about fimbriae
A.They are composed of protein
C.They are found on gram negative cell
The most abundant molecules in the cell membrane are
A.Phospholipids
CELL WALLS WERE FIRST SEEN BY ROBERT HOOKE IN 1665 AS HE LOOKED THROUGH A
MICROSCOPE AT DEAD CELL FROM THE BARK OF AN OAK TREE BUT IT TOOK THE
WONDERFULLY CRAFTED LENSES OF ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK TO VISUALIZE LIVING
CELL.
D.BOTH STATEMENT ARE TRUE
ADENINE AND GUANINE ARE PURINES WITH A SINGLE RING STRUCTURE WHEREAS
CYTOSINE AND THYMINE ARE SMALLER PYRIMIDINE MOLECULES WITH A DOUBLE RING
STRUCTURE
A. TRUE
LARGE INCLUSIONS THAT TAKE THEIR NAME FROM THE FACT THAT THEY SOMETIMES IS
STAINED RED WITH CERTAIN BLUE DYE SUCH AS METHYLENE BLUE.
B. VOLUTIN

inside the cell is semi fluid jelly like substance called cytosol in which subcellular components
are suspended all cell contains chromosomes which carry genes in the form of dna and all
cells have ribosomes tiny complexes that make proteins according to instructions from the
genes.
A. first statement is true second statement is false third statement is true
B.press statement is false second statement is true third statement is true
C.first statement is true second statement is true third statement is false
D. All statements are true
E. All statements are false
the net movement of solvent molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from an
area with high concentration of solvent molecules to an area of low concentration of solvent
molecules
C. Osmosis
Growth and development of the cell
B.G1
The first cloned mammal in 1997
C.Sheep
which of the following statement best describe what happened to a cell exposed to
polymyxins that destroy phospholipids.
D.Intracellular content will leak from the cell
cyanide binds to atleast one molecule involved in producing atp if a cell exposed to cyanide.
Most of the cyanide will be found within the.
A.Mitochondria
Formulated the term karyotype to refer to the ordered arrangement of chromosomes.
E.nota
Dna cloning and genomics
B.Molecular genetics
The fluidity of plasma membrane increased with
B.Increase in unsaturated fatty acid in the membrane

Mendels first law

-Segregation
Describe a method of producing similar chromosomal bonding patters using an……
-
In heptonine, there are 45 chromosomes each compromised two chromatids.
-
The subunit of prokaryotic ribosomes is 50s and 30s S stands for
-Sbedverg ubit
4 rings in basal body of flagella
-NOTA
It is the set of alleles that an individual organism possesses
-genotype
In activated x chromosome present in nucleated cells of all normal female mammals but
absent in normal males
-AOTA
The following statements describe the nuclear envelope except
-NOTA
Who combined the disciplines of cytology
-Walter Sutton
A human cell containing 22 autosomes and a Y chromosome is
-Sperm
What rule of probability can be used if we wanted to know the probability of being…
-multiple
Cells which require large amounts of energy would likely contain relatively high numbers of
-Mitochondria
Synapsis of the X and Y chromosomes…..
-All true
Which structure is common is common to plant an animal cell
-Mitochondria
One of two or more alternate forms of a gene
-allele
Which of the following is present in a prokaryotic cell
-Ribosome
The DNA…….
-2X
Probability expresses the likelihood of a particular event occuring……
-
The net movement of molecules or ions from an area of high concentration to an area of low
concentration.
-Simple diffusion
Which structure is not part of the endomembrane system
-NOTA
This group includes all organism whose cells contain an elaborate network
-eukarya
For the addition rule to be valid
-true
Plasma membrane folds inward, brinigng extracellular fluid into the cell
Pinocytosis

Spermatogenesis takes place in the seminiferous tubules

Both true
Which of the following is mismatched
Ribosome – protein storage
True regarding the membrane system of mitochondria
Inner membrane
Which of the following RNA are the main components of ribosome
mRNA

flagellar protein that is useful in determining servovars

o antigen
an individual possessing two diff allele at a locus
nota
what theory proposed that the cells in the reproductive organs carry a complete set of
genetic
germ plasm
the following are incorrect except. V. murein layer gives the bacterial shape
2 and 4
The major types of proteins associated with dna in chromatin
A and b
Who constructed the first recombinant dna molecule in vitro
None
Function of the inner membrane of the prokaryotes except
3 and 4
He developed a method for transferring dna fragments separated in a gel
Edward southern
Which of the following is mismatched
Cell wall – toxin
Prophase 1 except
1 and 4
Muscular dystrophy, a devastating disease
Mutation in dystrophin
Steroid synthesis occurs in which of the following structures
Smooth er
You have isolated a motile gram positive cell with no visible nucleus. This cell has
Ribosomes
The devised methods for sequencing dna
Walter gilbert, fred sanger
Red blood cells in the blood repel each other due to
Carbihydrates
All of the following pertains to cell theory except
Nota
The first generation in medels experiment
F1
Which statement best describes what happens when a gram negative bacterium is placed in
a distilled water
No change
Gram negative cocci except
4 and 5
The following statements are true except (prokaryote)
234
Hady- weinberg equilibrium is an example of
Evolutionary gen
Homologous chromosome move forward opposite pole
Meiosis1
10% sucrose
No change
Carboxysomes are inclusion that contain the enzyme
nota
inactive,late replicating during the s phase of mitosis
 constitutive
cyanide is a mitochondrial toxin
cytochrome c oxidase
he observed the division of chromosome
Walther flemming
The cleavage of spectrin network
Apoptosis of the cell
algae of the genus euglena use cilia for locomotion
false
causative agent of lyme disease
borrelia
which of the following cell organelle can be viewed by light microscope
mitochondria
which of the following statement are incorrect: V. one x chromosome
nota
state that when two different alleles are present in a genotype on;y the trait of the dominant
law of dominance
cell walls of fungi may contain
Chitin
A typical human cell has 46 chromosomes in its nucleus,
False- False
A genetic factor that helps determine a characteristic
Trait
Consider the following statements: I. polar portions
I to V
Highly susceptible to penicillin and sulfonamide.
II-IV
Trantraplantplant
A single building block of DNA which consists of one deoxyribose sugar, one phosphate group
Nucleotide
Which of the following is associated with the structure of golgi complex
Cristernae
The assembly of two subunits 40s and 60s of the ribosome is
90s unit
Composition of core polysaccharide
I and III

Which of the following statements is true of RNA molecule?

a.Guanine content does not necessarily equal its cytosine content

b. Guanine content equals cytosine

C.Adenine content equals guanine

d.Adenine content equals uracil

e.Guanine content is equal to thymine

When a recessive trait is expressed, it means that:

a.One gene carrying the trait is present

b.Two genes carrying the trait is present

C.No gene carrying the trait is present

d. The trait is present but difficult to observe

e.None of the above

In a pedigree, the "index case" is another name for:

a. Monozygotic twins

e. Proband

b.Consanguineous mating

C.Propositus

d. Stillbirth

When a male possesses a phenotypic trait that he passes to

all his daughters and none of his sons, the trait

is said to be:

a.Autosomal dominant

c. X-linked dominant

e.Y-linked

b. Autosomal recessive

d. X-linked recessive

When a female possesses a phenotypic trait that she passes to all her sons and none of her daughters,
the trait is said to be:

a. X-linked recessive

C.Autosomal dominant

e. Y-linked
b.X-linked dominant

d.Autosomal recessive

All the following statements about recognition of a codon on mRNA by an anticodon on tRNA are
correct

except:

a. Wobble is partly responsible for the degeneracy of the genetic code

b. The recognition of the third base of the codon is not very precise

c. Wobble results in incorporation of incorrect amino acids in the protein

d. Imprecise recognition of the third base results in wobble

e. None of the above

The proteins Destined to be transported out of the cell have all the following features except:

a. Ribosomes synthesizing them are bound to endoplasmic reticulum

b.After synthesis, they are delivered into Golgi apparatus

C. They are tagged with ubiquitin

Substitution of an adenine base by quanine in DNA is known as;

a.Transpositionmutation

b.Transition

e. None of the above

c. Frameshift

d. Transversion

A point mutation results from

a. Deletion of a base of a base

b. Substitution of a base

e. None of the above

c. Insertion
d. All of the above

A silent mutation is most likely to result from which ofthe following?

a. Conversion of a sense codon into a nonsense codon

b. Conversion of a nonsense codon into a sense codon

C. Substitution of the third base of a codon

d. Substitution of the first base of a codon

E. None of the above

The structure of DNA was determined primarily by

a. Hershey and Chase

C. Griffith

e. Mendel

b. Watson and Crick

d. Pauling

DNA replication:

a. Occurs in G1 of interphase

b. Is constantly happening in a cell.

C. Occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell

d. Does not require proteins

E.Takes place in the nucleus of the cell

All of the following are conditions to pass the G2-to-M checkpoint of the cell cycle, except:

DNA has been replicated

I. Environment is favourable

Ill. Chromosomes are attached to spindle

microtubule
IV. Chromosomes are condensed

a. I and Il

c. Ill and IV

eIll

and ill

b. I, ll and IV

d I, Il, Ill and IV

The activity of the maturation promoting factor in the control of cell cycle corresponds with which of
the

following?

Cyclin

It results from the reduction in the number of chromosome in each cell from diploid to haploid:

Meiosis I

c. Mitosis

Both B and C

b. Meiosis Il

d. Both A and B

Processes that occur in during meiosis but not in mitosis:

Synapsis

I. Crossing over

Ill. Homologous pairing

IV. Separation of sister chromatids

a. 1. I, Ill and IV

c. I, Il and Ill

and Il

b.

I only

d. None of the above

Independent assortment happens in what phase of meiosis?

a.Anaphase I

c. Metaphase I

e. Telophase I

b.Anaphase Il

d. Metaphase Il

Genetic variations among offsprings are due to:

Independent assortment of chromosome

Il. Homologous pairing

Ill. Crossing over

IV. Random fertilization

a. I only

c. IV only

Ill and IV

b.

Lil and IV

d.l. Il. Ill and IV

Crossing-over happens in what phase of meiosis?

a.Diplonema

e. Leptonema
b.Diakinesis

c. Zygonema

d. Pachynema

Synaptonemal-complex formation happens in:

a.Leptonema

e. Diakinesis

b.

Pachynema

c. Diplonema

d. Zygonema

The complex ofDNA and histones making up chromosomes is

called:

a.Chromosome

e. All of the above

b.Chromatin

c. Nucleic acid

d. Two of the above

DNA is stored in the cell nucleus as:

a. Ribosomes

e. All of the above

b.Chromosomes

c. Nucleoid
d. Gene

Which stage of mitosis is most characterized by the shortening of kinetochore microtubules?

a.Prometaphase

c. Metaphase

e. Telophase

b.Anaphase

d. Prophase

MPF phosphorylates all but which of the followingsubstrates:

a. Histone H1

c. Microtubule- associated proteins

e. None of the above

b. Nuclear lamins

d. Cyclin B

All of the following are true of an individual's DNA except:

a. Environmental mutagens can cause the

expression of a recessive allele that otherwise

would not be expressed in a heterozygous

individual.

b. Somatic mutations, like germline

mutations, are passed on to progeny.

C.

Tumors can result from spontaneous

translocations affecting proto-oncogenes.

d.

Two of the above

e. None of the above

Time in cell cycle

when metabolic activity of cell is high is

classified a

a. Interphase

e. GO

c. Cytokinesis

b.

Mitosis

d. Exophase

Examples of

cells that remains in GO phase semi-

permanently are

a. Cells of brain and spinal cords c. Cells of

arms and legs

e. All of the above

b. Cells of heart and lungs

d. Cells of

kidney and liver

Phase in which

cell cycle starts after its production is called:

a.GO

b. G1 phase c. S phase d. G2
During G1 phaseof cell cycle, cell increases:

a. Supply of carbon dioxide

water

e. All of the above

b. Supply of oxygen

c. Supply of water

d. Supply of proteins

All of the terms

listed below occur during interphase except:

a.

G1 phase

c. G2 phase

e. None of the above

b.Chromosome replication

d. Sphase

All of the terms

listed below occur during interphase except:

a.

G1 phase

C. G2 phase

e. None of the above

b.Chromosome replication

d. Sphase
The term

"'homologous chromosomes.".

a.

Must be haploid

b. Is another name for sister chromatids

C.Means a pair of chromosomes of the same

kind, such as sex chromosomes

d. Refers to replications of the same

chromosome

e.

None of the above

The chromosome of a prokaryotic cell are generally:

a.Multiple, usually linear DNA molecules

b.Single, circular molecule of DNA

C. Multiple, circular molecule of DNA

d. Single, linear DNA molecules

None of the above

The major types of proteins associated with DNA in chromatin.

a.Histones

e. Both a and c

b.Non-histones

C. rRNA

d. Both a and b
A single building block of DNA which consists of one deoxyribose sugar, one phosphate group (a
phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms), and one nitrogenous base is called:

a. Purines

c. Pyrimidines

dAll of the above

b. Nucleotide e. Both a and c

This group includes all organisms whose cells contain an elaborate network of internal membranes, a

membrane-bounded nucleus, and mitochondria.

a. Bacteria b. Archaea c. Eukarya d. Two

of the above d. All of the above

All of the following are similarities that exist between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, except:

Both cells contain chromosomes, which carry genes in the form of DNA.

I. Both cells have ribosomes, tiny complexes

that make proteins according to instructions

from the genes.

Ill. They are all bounded by a selective barrier,

called the plasma membrane.

IV. Inside both cells is a semifluid, jellyllke

substance called cytosol, in which subcellular

components are suspended.

V. Most of the DNA is in an organelle called

the nucleus.

a. I only

c. V only

e. I. Ill and V

b. Ill only

d. Il. Ill and IV

Which of the following organelles is correctly matched with

its product?

a. Nucleolus - rRNA

b. Mitochondria - ATP

C.Golgi apparatus - lipid

d.Smooth endoplasmic reticulum - protein

e.Two of the above

Which stage of mitosis is most characterized by the shortening of kinetochore microtubules?

a. Prometaphase

B.

c. Metaphase

e. Telophase

The assembly of two subunits 40S and 60S of the ribosome is:

a.70S unit

b. 80S unit

c. 90S unit

d.100S unit

e. None of the above

The subunit of prokaryotic ribosomes is:

a.60S + 40S

b. 70S + 30S c. 60S +

30S d. 50S + 30S e. None of the above

Which of the following is associated with the structure of

Golgi complex?

a. Annuli

c. Cisternae

e. None

of the above

b.Cristae

d. Two of the above

Which of the

following cell organelle can be viewed by a light

microscope?

Ribosome

c. Peroxisome

e. All of the above

b. Lysosome

d. Mitochondria

During catabolic activity, the potential for oxidative insult can be considerable. Which of the following
cellular structures functions primarily to reduce this potential insult?

à. Smooth ER

c. Lysosome

e. Golgi Apparatus

b.Peroxisome

d. Mitochondria

Steroid synthesis occurs in which of the following

structures?
a. Ribosome

C. Mitochondria

e. Peroxisome

b.Smooth ER

d. Golgi Apparatus

All of the

following pertains to cell theory, except:

a.All life is composed of cells.

b. Cells arise only from preexisting cells.

C. Cell is the fundamental unit of structure

and function in living organisms.

D Two of the above

None of the above

It is considered

as the basic unit of heredity that encodes a

genetic characteristic.

a.

Cell

b. Trait

c. Gene

of the above e. All of the above

A gene

characteristic that is always expressed is

known as being :

a. Dormant
c. Recessive

e. None of the above

b. Dominant

d. Two of the above

Within the cell.

DNA is found in the nucleus. Which of the

following structures normally contains DNA as

well?

a.

Smooth ER

c. Mitochondrion

e. None of the above

b. Golgi Apparatus

d. Peroxisome

It refers to a

specific place on a chromosome occupied by

an allele.

a. Gene

b. Allele

c. Trait

d.Locus

e. None of the above

One of two or

more alternate forms of a gene is called:

a.

Locus b. Genotype c. Allele

Phenotype

e. Both b and d

It is the set of

alleles that an individual organism possesses.

a. Phenotype b. Genotype c. Trait

d.

Two of the above e. None of the above

51. All of the following are not true regarding prokaryotes,except:

 1&3
52. All bacteria consists of a single continuous circular molecule ranging in size from 0.58 to almost
10 million base pair,except:
 Borrelia burgdorferi
53. All of the following proteins to cell theory, except:
 None of the above
54. All of the terms listed below occur during interphase except:
 Chromosome replication
55. All of the following are similarities that exist between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, except:

56. A gene characteristics that is always expressed is known as being:
 Dominant
57. All of the terms listed below occur during interphase except:
 Chromosome replication
58. All of the following are true of an individual’s DNA except:
 Environmental mutagens
59. At the end of meiosis I, the resulting two cells are:
 Genetically identical
60. After application of 95% alcohol on gram negative bacteria, the resulting color is
 Colorless
61. An active transport called uniport catalyzes the transport of a substrate independent of any
occupied ion. Antiport simultaneous transport of two substrates in the same direction by a
single carrier.

62. Biochemical analysis of a plasma membrane sample showed about 20-25% cardiolipin content (a
type of membrane lipid ). Most probably the sample is from:
 Mitochondrial outer membrane
63. Cyanide is a mitochondrial toxin. The mechanism of action of cyanide is by inhibiting:
 Cytochrome c oxidase
64. Capsule is an organized material that is loosely attached to the cell wall. Slime layer is organized
and is firmly attached to the cell wall.
 Both false
65. Crossing-over happens in what phase of meiosis
66. Consider the ff statements:
67. Cells which require large amounts of energy would likely contain relatively high numbers
 Mitochondria
68. During catabolic activity, the potential for oxidative insult can be considerable. Which of the
following cellular structures functions primarily to reduce this potential insult?
 Peroxisome
69. During G1 phase of cell cycle, cell increases:
 Supply of proteins
70. Different types of cell wall structures traditionally have been categorized according to their
staining characteristics. Gram positive and gram-negative cells can lose their cell walls and grow
as L-forms in media supplemented with serum or sugar to prevent osmotic rupture of the cell
membrane
 Both true
71. DNA replication:
 Occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell
72. Examples of cells that remains in G0 phase semi-permanently are
 Cells of arms and legs
73. Early scientists named the material within the nucleus of a cell when it is not dividing with a
term that means “colored material” What is the term?
 Chromosomes
74. Genetic variations among offspring due to:
 1,2,3,4
75. Gram positive bacteria have:
 High resistance to physical disruption
76. Gram positive cell wall is composed of very thick protective peptidoglycan (murein layer). It
consists of glycan (polysaccharide) chains of alternating N-acetyl-dglucosamine (NAG)…
 All statements are true
77. He developed a method for transferring DNA fragments separated in a gel to a filter, preserving
the relative positioning of the fragments, which remains one of the most valuable techniques for
identifying cloned genes.
 Edward M. Southern
78. In what phases is the genetic material in the cell correctly referred to as chromatids?
 Anaphase and Metaphase
79. It is the set of alleles that an individual organism possesses.
 Genotype
80. If you view a cell in which the genetic material is beginning to be visible as separate bodies, and
the nucleoli have disappeared from view, you may surmise that the cell is in:
 Prophase
81. Lysosomes can be expected to be present in large numbers in cells which:
 Carry out
82. Large plasmids are responsible for the production of B-lactamase that provide resistance to B
lactam antibiotics. Tetracyclines and Chloramphenical are examples pf B lactam antibiotics
 First true second false
83. Lysosomes can be expected to be present in large numbers in cells which
 Carry out phagocytosis
84. Move a molecule across the cell membrane at the expense of a previously established ion
85. Mycolic acid is the major lipid component of an acid fast cell wall. It is astrong “hydrophilic”
molecule that forms a lipid shell around the organism and affects its permeability. It make
Nocardia spp. Difficult to stain with the Gram stain.
 First true,2nd false,3rd true
86. Muscular dystrophy, a devastating disease that cripple and kills children are caused by:
 Mutation in dystrophin
87. Microtubules are:
 Affected by cancer-fighting chemicals such as taxol.
88. Publish his comprehensive theory evolution, synthesizing Mendelian inheritance and Darwinian
selection as The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection.
 Ronald A. Fisher
89. Phase in which cell cycle starts after its production is called:
 G1 phase
90. Process that occur in during meiosis but not in mitosis:
 1,2,3
91. Red blood cells in the blood repel each other due to:
 Carbohydrates
92. Reagents of acid fast staining

93. Synaptonemal-complex formation happens in:
 Zygonema
94. Spirochetes are group of bacteria that have unique structure
 Both true
95. The term “homologous chromosomes”
 Means a pair of chromosomes…
96. The following are incorrectly paired, except:
 Babes-Ernst
97. The complex DNA and histones making up chromosomes is called:
 Chromatin
98. The fluidity of plasma membrane increase with
 Increase in unsaturated fatty acids
99. The genetic disorder hemolytic anemia is caused by:

100. The following are correctly paired,except:
 5,6
101. The cortex of an endospore is the thickest layer. It is composed of a keratin-like protein
containing many intramolecular disulfide bonds. It also contains an unusual type of
peptidoglycan, with many fewer cross-links than are found in cell wall peptidoglycan.
 Peroxisome
102. The most abundant molecules in the cell membrane are:
 Phospolipids
103. The central dogma of molecular biology is that DNA transcribed into RNA, which is then
translated into protein, The translation takes place on the ribosomes. Which of the following
RNAs are the main components of the ribosomes?
 rRNA
104. The following are clinically relevant aerobic actinomycetes that contains mycolic cell
wall, except:
 NOTA
105. The following are clinically relevant aerobic actinomycetes that contains mycolic cell
wall, except:
 NOTA
106. The lipopolysaccharide of the outer membrane consists of:
 IV, V
107. The cleavage of spectrin network in the cell by the proteolytic enzyme calpane indicate:
 Necrosis of cell
108. The filament of flagella is the outermost region. It is constant in diameter and contains
the globular (roughly spherical) protein flagin arranged in several chains that intertwine and
form a helix around a hollow core
 First true, 2nd false
109. The activity of maturation promoting factor in the control of the cell cycle corresponds
with which of the following?
 Cyclin
110. The nitrogenous bases that make up the nucleotides of DNA are listed in which one of
the ff
 Adenine, thymine,cytosine, guanine
111. Time in cell cycle when metabolic activity of cell is high classified a
 Interphase
112. This group includes all organisms whose cells contain an elaborate network of internal
membranes, a membrane-bounded nucleus, and mithocondria.
 Eukarya
113. True motility and Brownian Movement are best observed through the:
 Hanging drop method
114. True regarding bacterial cytoplasmic membrane, except

115. What structure holds the sister chromatids to the spindle fibers?
 Centromere
116. What theory proposed that the cells in the reproductive organs carry a complete set of
genetic information that is passed to the egg and sperm?
 Pangenesis
117. Ways of demonstrating motility in the laboratory:
 I, II, III, IV
118. Which of the following statements best describes the chemical composition of plasma
membrane?

 119. Which of the following cell organelle can be viewed by light microscope?
 Mitochondria
120. What is the sequence of organelles that a secreted protein would have passed through
on its journey
 Rough ER to golgi apparatus to cell membrane
121. They devised methods for sequencing DNA
 Walter gilbert, Frederick sanger

The synthesis of a new molecule of dna is called replication this process contains many enzyme and
cofactor the first step of the process involves breakage of the hydrogen bonds that hold the dna strand
together.

-All statement are true

The appearance or manifestation of a character

E. Nota

synopsis is complete during pachytene chromosomes continue to condense and now appear as speaker
threads the paired homologous from structure called bivalent

D.All Statement are true

noel and hungerford reported the presence of the philadelphia chromosome philadelphia chromosome
is associated with

Cml

which of the following statement best describes the chemical composition of plasma membrane

A.Plasma membrane is bilayers of phospholipids with associated protein and carbohydrates

Which statement accurately describe the process of fluorescent in situ hybridization

B.Hybridization performed directly on intact chromosomes

Which of the following is not true about fimbriae

A.They are composed of protein

C.They are found on gram negative cell

The most abundant molecules in the cell membrane are

A.Phospholipids

CELL WALLS WERE FIRST SEEN BY ROBERT HOOKE IN 1665 AS HE LOOKED THROUGH A MICROSCOPE AT
DEAD CELL FROM THE BARK OF AN OAK TREE BUT IT TOOK THE WONDERFULLY CRAFTED LENSES OF
ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK TO VISUALIZE LIVING CELL.

D.BOTH STATEMENT ARE TRUE

ADENINE AND GUANINE ARE PURINES WITH A SINGLE RING STRUCTURE WHEREAS CYTOSINE AND
THYMINE ARE SMALLER PYRIMIDINE MOLECULES WITH A DOUBLE RING STRUCTURE

A. TRUE

LARGE INCLUSIONS THAT TAKE THEIR NAME FROM THE FACT THAT THEY SOMETIMES IS STAINED RED
WITH CERTAIN BLUE DYE SUCH AS METHYLENE BLUE.

B. VOLUTIN

inside the cell is semi fluid jelly like substance called cytosol in which subcellular components are
suspended all cell contains chromosomes which carry genes in the form of dna and all cells have
ribosomes tiny complexes that make proteins according to instructions from the genes.

A. first statement is true second statement is false third statement is true

B.press statement is false second statement is true third statement is true

C.first statement is true second statement is true third statement is false

D. All statements are true

E. All statements are false

the net movement of solvent molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from an area with
high concentration of solvent molecules to an area of low concentration of solvent molecules

C. Osmosis

Growth and development of the cell

B.G1

The first cloned mammal in 1997

C.Sheep

which of the following statement best describe what happened to a cell exposed to polymyxins that
destroy phospholipids.

D.Intracellular content will leak from the cell

cyanide binds to atleast one molecule involved in producing atp if a cell exposed to cyanide. Most of the
cyanide will be found within the.

A.Mitochondria

Formulated the term karyotype to refer to the ordered arrangement of chromosomes.

E.nota

Dna cloning and genomics

B.Molecular genetics

The fluidity of plasma membrane increased with

B.Increase in unsaturated fatty acid in the membrane

Mendels first law

-Segregation
Describe a method of producing similar chromosomal bonding patters using an……
-
In heptonine, there are 45 chromosomes each compromised two chromatids.
-
The subunit of prokaryotic ribosomes is 50s and 30s S stands for
-Sbedverg ubit
4 rings in basal body of flagella
-NOTA
It is the set of alleles that an individual organism possesses
-genotype
In activated x chromosome present in nucleated cells of all normal female mammals but absent in normal
males
-AOTA
The following statements describe the nuclear envelope except
-NOTA
Who combined the disciplines of cytology
-Walter Sutton
A human cell containing 22 autosomes and a Y chromosome is
-Sperm
What rule of probability can be used if we wanted to know the probability of being…
-multiple
Cells which require large amounts of energy would likely contain relatively high numbers of
-Mitochondria
Synapsis of the X and Y chromosomes…..
-All true
Which structure is common is common to plant an animal cell
-Mitochondria
One of two or more alternate forms of a gene
-allele
Which of the following is present in a prokaryotic cell
-Ribosome
The DNA…….
-2X
Probability expresses the likelihood of a particular event occuring……
-
The net movement of molecules or ions from an area of high concentration to an area of low
concentration.
-Simple diffusion
Which structure is not part of the endomembrane system
-NOTA
This group includes all organism whose cells contain an elaborate network
-eukarya
For the addition rule to be valid
-true
Plasma membrane folds inward, brinigng extracellular fluid into the cell
Pinocytosis

Spermatogenesis takes place in the seminiferous tubules

Both true
Which of the following is mismatched
Ribosome – protein storage
True regarding the membrane system of mitochondria
Inner membrane
Which of the following RNA are the main components of ribosome
mRNA

flagellar protein that is useful in determining servovars

o antigen
an individual possessing two diff allele at a locus
nota
what theory proposed that the cells in the reproductive organs carry a complete set of genetic
germ plasm
the following are incorrect except. V. murein layer gives the bacterial shape
2 and 4
The major types of proteins associated with dna in chromatin
A and b
Who constructed the first recombinant dna molecule in vitro
None
Function of the inner membrane of the prokaryotes except
3 and 4
He developed a method for transferring dna fragments separated in a gel
Edward southern
Which of the following is mismatched
Cell wall – toxin
Prophase 1 except
1 and 4
Muscular dystrophy, a devastating disease
Mutation in dystrophin
Steroid synthesis occurs in which of the following structures
Smooth er
You have isolated a motile gram positive cell with no visible nucleus. This cell has
Ribosomes
The devised methods for sequencing dna
Walter gilbert, fred sanger
Red blood cells in the blood repel each other due to
Carbihydrates
All of the following pertains to cell theory except
Nota
The first generation in medels experiment
F1
Which statement best describes what happens when a gram negative bacterium is placed in a distilled
water
No change
Gram negative cocci except
4 and 5
The following statements are true except (prokaryote)
234

At the endThe activity of maturation

kinase
If you view a cell.. genetic material is beginning to be visible
prophase
The cell cycle consist of 2 major phases (identification)
Interphase, mitotic, mitosis
Microtubules between them
V ONLY
True regarding meiosis
Results in haploid
At the end of metaphase
homologues
In what phase is the genetic material in the cell correctly reffred to as chromatids
Metaphase, prophase
Occur during interphase except
none
G0 phase
ALL
Greek of leaves falling from trees (IDENTIFICATION)
APOPTOSIS
Early scientists named the material within the nucleus
CHROMATIN
At the end of meiosis
GENETICALLY IDENTICAL
Before cell division (IDENTIFICATION)
kinetichore
62 m checkpoint
ALL TRUE
It results from reductions in the number of chromosome
AB
At the beginning of mitosis and meiosis, the recently replicated
SISTER HROMATIDS
Crossing-over happens in what phase of meiosis
PACHYNEMA
BONUS
END OF TELOPHASE, COMPARTMENTALIZES, CLEAVAGE FURROW
DURING G1 PHASE OF CELL CYCLE, CELL INCREASES
PROTEIN
THE PERIOD BETWEEN MEIOSIS 1 AND MESIOSIS II (IDENTIFICATION)
INTERKINESIS
WHAT STRUCTURE HOLDS THE SISTER CHROMATIDS
KINETICHORE
INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT HAPPENS
METAPHASE I
DNA REPLICATION
TAKES PLACE IN THE NUCLEUS
PROCESSES THAT OCCUR IN DURING MEIOSIS BUT NOT MITOSIS
123
ALL OF THE FOLLOWING ARE CONDITIONS TO PASS THE G2 TO M CHECKPOINT
12
THE STRUCTURE OF DNA WAS DETERMINED PRIMARILY BY
WATSON
MPF PH0SPHORYLATES ALL
CYCLIN B
IS THE ATTACHMENT POINT FOR SPINDLE
KINETICHORE
THE TERM HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES
MEANS A PAIR
THE NATURAL ENDS, THE TIPS
TELOMERE
HOMOLOGOUS CHROMSOME BEGIN TO PAIR UP AND BEGIN SYNAPSIS
ALL TRUE
NEAR THE END OF INTERPHASE, ACTIVATION FACTOR
TRUE FALSE
GENETIC VARIATIONS AMONG OFFSPRINGS ARE DUE TO
134
PHASE IN WHICH CELL CYCLE STARTS AFTER ITS PRODUCTION
NOTA
WHICH STAGE OF MITOSIS IS MOST CHARACTERIZED BY SHORTENING OF KINETOCHORE?
ANAPHASE
TRUE REGARDING CYCLIN DEPENDENT KINASE
ACTIVATE OR INACTIVATE
THE OPPOSITE POLES OF THE CELL
12
TIME IN CELL CYCLE WHEN METABOLIC ACTIVITY PF CELL IS HIGH
INTERPHASE
AFTER THE DNA IS REPLICATED
CHROMATID
POST SYNTHESIS GAP
4 HRS