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Act, 1986 Which Contains Various Provisions On EIA Methodology and Process

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Nisha Singh
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18 views

Act, 1986 Which Contains Various Provisions On EIA Methodology and Process

Uploaded by

Nisha Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Introduction

 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a process of evaluating the likely environmental


impacts of a proposed project or development, taking into account inter-related socio-
economic, cultural and human-health impacts, both beneficial and adverse.
 UNEP defines Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) as a tool used to identify the
environmental, social and economic impacts of a project prior to decision-making. It aims to
predict environmental impacts at an early stage in project planning and design, find ways and
means to reduce adverse impacts, shape projects to suit the local environment and present the
predictions and options to decision-makers.
 Environment Impact Assessment in India is statutorily backed by the Environment Protection
Act, 1986 which contains various provisions on EIA methodology and process.

History of EIA in India


 The Indian experience with Environmental Impact Assessment began over 20 years back. It
started in 1976-77 when the Planning Commission asked the Department of Science and
Technology to examine the river-valley projects from an environmental angle.
 Till 1994, environmental clearance from the Central Government was an administrative
decision and lacked legislative support.
 On 27 January 1994, the then Union Ministry of Environment and Forests, under the
Environmental (Protection) Act 1986, promulgated an EIA notification making Environmental
Clearance (EC) mandatory for expansion or modernisation of any activity or for setting up new
projects listed in Schedule 1 of the notification.
 The Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change (MoEFCC) notified new EIA
legislation in September 2006.
o The notification makes it mandatory for various projects such as mining, thermal power
plants, river valley, infrastructure (road, highway, ports, harbours and airports) and
industries including very small electroplating or foundry units to get environment
clearance.
o However, unlike the EIA Notification of 1994, the new legislation has put the onus of
clearing projects on the state government depending on the size/capacity of the
project.

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