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Week 4 - Lecture Note - Pre-Colonial and Vernacular Architecture (Part 2)

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Jewel Millen Guizon
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60 views

Week 4 - Lecture Note - Pre-Colonial and Vernacular Architecture (Part 2)

Uploaded by

Jewel Millen Guizon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
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= BAY Far Eastern University ‘AUGUST 2020 Ey Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts LECTURE PRE-COLONIAL AND VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE (part 2) VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURAL STYLES IN LUZON, VISAYAS AND MINDANAO Vernacular Architecture The word “vemacular’ came from the Latin word "Vernaculus’ wic means native, Vernacular Architecture then is about exemplifies the commonest building techniques based on the forms and materials of a particular historical period, region, or group of people. Broadly applied to denote indigenous, pock, tribal, ethnictraditional architecture found among the different ethnolinguistic. Ethnolinguistic Refers to the grammar, syntax, diction in expressing buildings in a locale, while signifying the diverse range of building tradition in a region, 5 Principle Features Vernacular Architecture 4. The artisans’ these planning to live in the bldgs. Are non-pro arch'ts/engrs. 2. There is consonant adaptation using natural materials to the geographical environment 3. Actual process of construction involves intuitive thinking, done wio blue prints and is open to later modification 4, There is balance bet. Social/economic functionality & aesthetic features 5. Architectural Patterns & style are subject to a protracted evolution of traditional styles specific to an ethnic domain. LUZON Iatan House Ivatan houses has two major types, the wood-and-thatch & the stone houses & the most common stone houses. The wood-and-thatch structures was the vernacular dwelling present in the area. This are the dwelling that are present in every idjang, Stone houses or also called Lime-Stone-Wood-and-Thatch Structures were influenced by the Spanish Colonial Architecture. Wood-and-Thatch Structures LLagatiti, Rahaung, Jinjn (also called as Gingin or Chivuvuhung), Mayhurahed are the typical Wood-and-Thatch Structures in Batanes islands, Lagatiti is a type of shelter which looks lke 2 combination of a lean-to and a typical thatched house. Surrounded by cogon walls on the three sides and an rata te . the extended roof on remaining side. The roof is supported by perimeter post made of one or one anc half (1 to 1 4/2) meter high tree trunks. The roof is made of cogon and broad leaf present in the area, Reeds are place and act as purlin for the cogon roofing This type of shelter is usually use as resting place in farm land, 7 Far Eastern University ‘AUGUST 2020 Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts Rahaung is a shelter with similar roof materials of Lagat. This was one of the development of the primitive shelter called as Kamaaid or camarin itis characterized by an aframe supported by wood post. and a norrow wooden platforms built alongside the post. This shelter is typically used as a multi-purpose shelter for several activity and sometimes a shelter for boats. 4Jinjin house is an improvement of rahaung incorporated with walls made of cogon. “jnjn”is an Watan word for ‘cogon which is the prevalent material ofthis dwelling. Itis usually found in fishing villages. This serves as a temporary shelter during the fishing season and acts as a storage of smoke and dried fish. cogon oot inca nal sdge bea Nirindin is a type of dwelling that is present only in the son iSland of Itbayat with the same character with Jinjin a except that this type was use as a permanent house. coven al Thus, the material use is stronger consisting of wood ate plank and lumber rather that reeds. It is also jon characterized by a sliding door and window panels. wat lark Mayhurahed is an improvement of Ninn type of dwelling. During rainy season, dump soil makes the material close to the ground rot faster. With ths, the Ivatans integrated a wall base called the hurrahed which is made of hardened mud and stone, This approach “makes this type of dwelling different from the integration of ‘sits’ ofthe other vernacular houses. 28 Far Eastern University ‘AUGUST 2020 Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts itis a traditional Isneg house. The Isneg tribe is located in Apayao Province in the Cordillera Administrative Region. The gable Roof, which is the prominent feature of Binuron, is made of bamboo shingles and resembled lke an inverted boat. This one-room structure is lightly elevated from the ground. Ithas an exposed floor joists. Datag or Xassaran, are the main section of structure. Region. The gable Roof, which is the prominent feature of Binuron, is made of bamboo shingles and resembled like an inverted boat. This one-room structure is lightly elevated from the ground. It has an exposed floor joists. Datag or Xassaran, are the main section of structure. batangan, tie beam -Aretangalr tir cneraced ‘Seta te iston {Seige tshold theo Sepang een pce, smanukdon salakab, rafter Aaipong, stove meee, Sener? Saihan PP dattagon, upper floor The main sectn ofthe rouse tiated to haut som aed ‘Slnpond seep area sip elevated flooring [nd ae: Eee — = oni ‘ban-oga sawang, window lutud, foo jist sogwasidola, basement perth pean ve wi Zomrtmefvret ar wareng sng oe Sean dis, oor beam thepests movement 29 Far Eastern University Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts ‘AUGUST 2020 Binayon ‘Also called Finaryon is a Traditional Kalinga house, The main feature of this dweling is its octagonal plan. The main section of this dweling is the Dataggon. It consist an elevated section called Sipi pongo, bent rafter {A thick rectangular lumber, hand hewn into bent form, and tied to thendge and roof beams to upport the cogon grass 09h sty tat sy Soi aes eertat ae paratok, upper colurmn ‘An independent interop rot the extension of the. ovr pests. ‘akong, upper floor wallboards “Thick timber planks laid Verbally between the roof ‘beam and the oor si setagon, corn ‘herman defo cls. Breet estes hice ntatcens Sehenmromestie” Se scinmrweug at eee Pee yd feng fi emaneee cence, fot-ang, floor joist ‘Rectangular timber with coved ‘dy ed aorta with acing gppronmately 00m. ‘Eisused fo cupport both wood {oor and lor mat. Fs end i tv-04, post The square sized internal or ‘externa post thats made fom and: hewn tober panabfongan, ridge beam ‘A bundle of to to three wood branches, ted seevrely as one, horizon tai at the apex of the rofl up te oper ta'ray, vertical oof support Toa lcs oferta nba Eratcte Soret fe Srorustdtopels the set teats ‘ope ends fatangan, tie beam ‘A heavy timbe lad above the {opend ofthe upper post tote together all external posts and powde hol forthe Frmberrodf's suppor Bisips, sill and roof beam ‘Square, hand-hewn beam la hergontaly between vertical walfboards whieh function as vail silland' rf beam, soling, girder A rectangular bear providing ‘support forthe fioor board and theintenorcolrans. fuchis, beam ‘A secondary flor beam laid ‘above the floor ist to provide Supportforthe per columns. chingching, lower oor ‘rligores Thick woagen plants ait Rotzontaly between extemal CShonnstoseneesoter was iernan hoe 30 Far Easter University ‘AUGUST 2020 B Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts Fay-u The traditional Bontoc house forthe affluent s called Fa-yu. Itis described as a house within a house and usually square in plan. The outer part ofthe house facilitate activities related to granaries and poultry. They also have a dwelling called Katyufong which is designated for the poor. KoHlob, residence of widows or unmarried old women; can also be called katyufong Katyufong alg, granary Iti, eating ares ‘Storedin potyay are he falowing ‘yageatan places) plato (enanel plates) Ungot coconut shel or "woaden bowls) tasa (enamel ups) ‘allakong era bows) faniag rata rays) Bale 92008) tap-an,pounding area ang-an, sleeping area tosoney tie Far Eastern University ‘AUGUST 2020 Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts ‘Aso called as Fale Is a traditional Mugao house for the affluent. It has @ square shaped plan with four posts, two Girders, three joists or beams. Researcher found out that the Bale is one of the frst pre-fabricated house in vernacular dwelling in Cordillera. One of the unique characteristics of this dwelling is the Halipan or the rat guard, @ wooden cylindrical disk located at the wooden post. The dwelling forthe less fortunate is called Abong, trance rg ond sedate oac"" sn pte sap, D> errno: a Gaaenapat oundatu, mate side < Y na-ulya, female side ‘espacio set inde ? y Thespacenede an Rossimendcafrin aie vr endo efor de panto, door A detacadewoden pe Spatipa, ie Avoodn dt of abut 334 let placed ar he eco woddonbar ‘Spr pion tpt reer ramereeng te fant aitong, basement Lreteh, adder owe store pavement slapd ge 32 a BR) Far Easter University Ee Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts AUGUST 2020 Binangiyan This is the traditional Kankanai house for the wealthy. Similar to those of the Ifugao, the Kankanai house has a high steep, hipped roof with the ridge parallel to the front. The roof drops, to about 1.50 meters which conceal the house. The house cage rests on a three joists-on two girders-on-four posts structure. Under the house cage, broad planks laid slightly above ground level form a spacious platform that extends to the line of the eaves. Around the lower floor is a rough stone pavement. The house cage measures about 4 by 4.50 meters and the plank floor, about 7 by 7.50 meters, The height of the house from ground level to roof ridge is slightly over 6 meters, The Kankanai house is made ‘of narra or pine. Apa or inapa are temporary dwelling for poorer families. The more temporary dwelling is called Allo. Fin ‘tig, Bahay Kubo Traditional lowland dwelling of northern and central regions. It represents the vernacular dwelling in the Philippines. This primitive Nipa hut is described as “The passively-cooled house” since this type of dwelling maximizes natural ventilation ."it is raised above the ground forming the silong, It has an open plan but some variations have room partitions. One side of the gable roof extends forming a space for living dining and kitchen. Some are situated on the ground but other variations is builtin stits as well Variations in design are found all over the Philippines. That is why it is collectively known as Philippine Native Nipa Hut dwelling. 33 Far Eastern University ‘AUGUST 2020 Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts The type of materials used for the wall varies depending on the available materials on the area. It can be a bamboo sawali or anahaw leaves framed with wood or bamboo slats. Flooring can be solid wood plank of bamboo slats Windows are usually awning with a tukod and made of the same material used in the walls. Another important thing to note i the presence of garden surrounding the house. balangkas, = fem Past, lean-toroof A single slope extension sagan dnp ipe elements or Fishes batalan, washing area Asmallspace adjacent othe peepee Sry reawecare oor ‘Codd ove nse capsaicin st i hand one being ‘An elevated counter ' washing pats and dishes aon” somites cig Bond Bais abuban, cooking area seine ai ‘store food ar fireplace with a stone stove nen utensils. ‘forcooking and layers of nshevesfor dying wood and smoking fish. sagang, cling bulwagan, main house ‘ia cree ee The yal section of the tose iigtanes eden (asda, hg and telson potted Segue silong, underneath the hoose hagdan, stair ‘Anencosedpen space nder Thesmin access tote howe a Cs sitet iepe tnd veto eon nbd eat igs goats) are tended 34 BAG] Far Eastern University ‘AUGUST 2020 Kg Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts VISAYAS. Ati's House This is the common type of dwelling in lloilo, Capiz and Guimaras islands. Typically made from round timber post & walls are made of binanlak nga bolo (small bamboos). Rope are usec instead of nails bamboo slat flooring. Floor area measures 2.5 by 3 meters which is smaller than typical bahay kubo. The structure consists of two wind-screens brought together to form a gablec roof. One of the common characteristic of At’s house is the extended roofing forming the receiving area and palayas or the storage, Cebu Island In 1521 Antonio Pigafetta, a Venetian scholar and explorer who joined Ferdinand Magellan in the spice island expedition, said that there are villages made of Nipa hut along the coast of Mactan. The walls and flooring are built in wood and bamboo and the main structure is raised high from the ground on large logs. The Entrance can be access by means of ladder. (Higher than Bahay Kubo of the Tagalog). MINDANAO Lepa ‘Also known as lipa or lepalepa, is an indigenous ships of Sama-Bajau indigenous people in Sulu archipelago. This type of dwelling is alsc present in Malaysia and Indonesia, Its common features are the absence of outriggers, presence of roofed, loose and detachable structure. Djenging, another type of boat house has outriggers, roofed walled in on all sides by wooden boards. For short stay on board they used Dapang or Vinta, a roofless boat consisting of rectangular sai with different pattern, Luma Badjao is the second largest community in the Sulu Archipelago, Houses are built separately in staggard pattern but connected the neighborhood thru Jambatan (Footbridge) and own taytayan (catwalk) and to the waters by Harunan or harun, It serves as a service stairs for washing clothes and kitchen utensils, 35, Far Eastern University ‘AUGUST 2020 Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts batang-bubungan, ride beam A staight trunk of wood or aah : teradatineopecy te A thin ayer thatch covering blog tema terates ‘ade fom pais coconut & leavened with moderate incinedon to protect the Ios dees from both ‘herald Tobing-lubing, rafter Riis omthete nt i stained fone THecnlpo a nase & Peete Pete ee palimss-an, tie beam By The strctualelement smadeyon, , ¢ Greloses the tops on re Se lontay, for Te indnter ere 3 Salas of amos mite ef. orp ce Sree Wjosrlfend grees sande mode opal peers ‘Scout iponayted _ tone ere Y dagan, florjestand ser P harunan oder The bra src ‘Ashik f mbar sgh rember fwoat or bamboo thera iosee os Bad 3 Siwieeeten Clee oeiretiet hay lepeclcnra support for the main bving ae foot rest. ue Apieceof north bantoo Sete ee a Sth ta edond cee Sejond ost wats ‘Satna emer dog igh ie Sieh eon fe fe Samal House Traditional Samal houses, like the Badjau, are elevatec rectangular one-room structures near the coastal waters o' Souther Mindanao, Palawan, Zamboanga, and Sulu archipelago. The houses are clustered in groups by kinship with 100 to 500 members per group, and affliated with the nearest mosque, Coastal house has ample space underneath the house for the family's petang (boat) anc fishing paraphernalia Oe maT 36 Far Eastern University ‘AUGUST 2020 Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts Bay Sinug Bay sinug house is the traditional house of the Tausog in the Souther Philippines, Tausog or “suluk’is the first ethnic group in Sulu then followed by the Badjau. The word tausug is said to came from the words “Tau" which means people and *sug” or tide. This indicate that they are attribute as “people ofthe tide” The nine posts of this dwelling correspond to human anatomy. The center post, signifies pipui or navel, the southeast and southwest as pig or hip, the northeast and northwest as agata or shoulder and the the east and west as gasuk or ribs. The north post sigifies the Jiug or the neck and lastly the hita or groin, The sungan is @ roof style which is ventilated by a hole formed by a gable root, The sungan is a roof style which is ventilated by a triangular vents formed by a gable roof. The most prominent character ofthis dwelling isthe roof omamentation located on both ends of the roof apex. Itis called Tajuk Pasung. pang gong, receiving area A space intended to receive ‘alentortan goes ppantan, open space Anelevate, open mca al, ivng space, andpace ra rege, ‘nd fhng plement lawang, door ‘Anopering inthe main ‘te fein os eee, taining Spaces often prooded sath ‘removebicencosng panel

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