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Worksheet 3 - Applications of PDE

The document provides solutions to 10 problems involving partial differential equations modeling vibrating strings and heat transfer. The problems involve using techniques like d'Alembert's solution method and Fourier series to find displacement functions y(x,t) or temperature distributions u(x,t) given initial conditions and boundary values. The solutions demonstrate applications of the one-dimensional wave equation and heat equation to physical situations.

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40 views

Worksheet 3 - Applications of PDE

The document provides solutions to 10 problems involving partial differential equations modeling vibrating strings and heat transfer. The problems involve using techniques like d'Alembert's solution method and Fourier series to find displacement functions y(x,t) or temperature distributions u(x,t) given initial conditions and boundary values. The solutions demonstrate applications of the one-dimensional wave equation and heat equation to physical situations.

Uploaded by

anu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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B TECH THIRD SEMESTER EC A & B BATCH

MAT 201 : PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS AND COMPLEX ANALYSIS


MODULE 2

APPLICATION OF PDE- ONE DIMENSIONAL WAVE EQUATION

WORK SHEET - 3

1.Find the deflection 𝑦(𝑥, 𝑡) of the vibrating string of length 𝜋 and 𝑐 2 = 1


corresponding to zero initial velocity and initial deflection 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑘(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥)

Answer: 𝑦(𝑥, 𝑡) = 𝑘(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 cos 𝑐𝑡 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝑥 cos 2𝑐𝑡)

2. A tightly stretched flexible string has its ends fixed at 𝑥 = 0 & 𝑥 = 𝑙. At t=0, the string
is given a shape defined by 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑘𝑥 2 (𝑙 − 𝑥 ) where k is a constant and then released
from rest. Find the displacement of any point x of the string at any time t > 0

−2𝑘𝑙3 𝑛𝜋𝑥 𝑛𝜋𝑐𝑡


Answer: 𝑦(𝑥, 𝑡) = ∑∞
𝑛=1 [1 + 2(−1)𝑛 ] sin ( ) 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( )
𝑛 3𝜋3 𝑙 𝑙

𝝏𝟐 𝒚 𝝏𝟐 𝒚
3.Find the solution of the wave equation = 𝒄𝟐 , corresponding to the triangular
𝝏𝒕𝟐 𝝏𝒙𝟐
2𝑘 𝑙
initial deflection 𝑓 (𝑥) = 𝑥0<𝑥<2
𝑙

2𝑘
= (𝑙 − 𝑥) 𝑙/2 < 𝑥 < 𝑙 and initial velocity zero
𝑙

8𝑘 𝑛𝜋 𝑛𝜋𝑥 𝑛𝜋𝑐𝑡
Answer: 𝑦(𝑥, 𝑡) = ∑∞
𝑛=1 𝑛 2 𝜋2 sin( 2 ) sin ( ) 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( )
𝑙 𝑙

𝝏𝟐 𝒚 𝝏𝟐 𝒚
4. Solve the wave equation = 𝒄𝟐
𝝏𝒕𝟐 𝝏𝒙𝟐
𝜕𝑦 𝜋𝑥
given 𝑦(0, 𝑡) = 0 ,𝑦(𝑙, 𝑡) = 0 , 𝑦(𝑥, 0) = 0 , ( 𝜕𝑡 ) = 𝑎 sin
𝑡=0 𝑙

𝑙𝑎 𝜋𝑥 𝜋𝑐𝑡
𝐴𝑛𝑠𝑤𝑒𝑟: 𝑦(𝑥, 𝑡) = 𝑐𝜋 sin sin
𝑙 𝑙
𝝏𝟐 𝒚 𝝏𝟐 𝒚
5. . Solve the wave equation = 𝒄𝟐
𝝏𝒕𝟐 𝝏𝒙𝟐
𝜕𝑦
given 𝑦(0, 𝑡) = 0 ,𝑦(𝑙, 𝑡) = 0 , 𝑦(𝑥, 0) = 𝑓(𝑥) , ( 𝜕𝑡 ) = 𝑔(𝑥)
𝑡=0
Answer: see the note 2.3.2

6. A taut string of length 20cm fastened at both ends is displaced from its position of
equilibrium, by imparting to each of its points an initial velocity given by

𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 0 < 𝑥 < 10

= 20 − 𝑥 10 < 𝑥 < 20 .Determine the


displacement at any subsequent time.

1600 𝜋𝑥 𝜋𝑐𝑡 1 3𝜋𝑥 3𝜋𝑐𝑡


𝐴𝑛𝑠𝑤𝑒𝑟 ∶ 𝑦(𝑥, 𝑡) = [sin cos − sin cos + − − − − −]
𝑐𝜋 3 20 20 32 20 20

7. Using d’ Alembert’s method, find the deflection of the vibrating string of unit length
having fixed ends, with initial velocity zero and initial deflection 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜋𝑥

Answer : 𝑦(𝑥, 𝑡) = sin 𝜋𝑥 cos 𝜋𝑐𝑡

𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝟐 𝒖
8. Solve = 𝒄𝟐 , 𝑢(0, 𝑡) = 0 𝑢( 𝜋, 𝑡) = 0 , 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝜋𝑥 − 𝑥 2 0≤𝑥≤𝜋
𝝏𝒕 𝝏𝒙𝟐
∞
4 [1 − (−1)𝑛 ] 2 2
𝑢(𝑥, 𝑡) = ∑ 3 sin nx e−c n t
𝜋 𝑛
𝑛=1
𝝏𝟐 𝒖 𝝏𝟐 𝒖 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢
9 Solve = 𝒄𝟐 𝟐 , ( ) =0 ( ) =0 , 𝑢(𝑥. 0) = 𝑥,
𝝏𝒕 𝝏𝒙 𝜕𝑥 𝑥=0 𝜕𝑥 𝑥=50

𝑛 c2 n 2 t
𝑙 2𝑙 [(−1) −1] nπx −
𝑢(𝑥, 𝑡) = + 2
∑∞
𝑛=1 2
𝑐𝑜𝑠 e l2
2 𝜋 𝑛 l

10.The ends A nd Bof a rod 20 cm long have the temperature at 30 0 and 800 until
steady state prevails. The temperature of the ends are changed to 40 0 and 600
respectively. Find the temperature distribution in the rod at time t.

∞
20 [1 + 2(−1)𝑛 ] nπx −c2 n2π2 t
𝑢(𝑥, 𝑡) = 𝑥 + 40 + ∑ sin e 400
𝜋 𝑛 20
𝑛=1

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