Introduction

Workshop technology is the technology that gives the idea about materials and
tools used and manufacturing process for proper job. It gives the ideas about
handling machines, names of parts of machines and their function.

Also, in the field of engineering it gives lot of techniques and knowledge of

forming the articles like dust pan, hammer etc. with the help of bench work. The
production of article by using basic hand operation and simple hand tools is
known as bench work. It gives the knowledge of using the proper tools for proper
job.

Objectives:

1. To name and describe the use of different types of measuring instrument

in workshop.
2. To know the functions and parts of each and every tools during job.
3. To describe the necessity of safety precaution that is to be considered
during job.
4. To describe the working principle and uses of machines tools like drilling,
grinding, shaping, lathe, etc.
5. To get the knowledge of proper tools for appropriate job.
6. To know the process of filling, types of file, hammer, types of hammer, saw,
types of saw etc.
Tools and materials required:

Materials required are:

S.N. Product Materials required Dimension (mm)

1 Dust pan GI Sheet 250*200

2 hammer a) Metal bar 25*25*100

b) Metal rod L=250, radius=9

Tools required are:

1. Bench vice
2. Steel scale
3. Scissors
4. Hacksaw
5. Hammers
a) Ball peen hammer
b) Cross peen hammer
c) Plastic hammer
d) Mallet hammer
6. Centre punch
7. Scriber
8. Rivets
9. Number punch
10.Files
11.Caliper
Procedure for constructing the dust pan:

1. Tin sheet having rectangular shape of dimension 250mm*200mm was taken

and cleaned and metal sheet was made smooth by mallet hammer.

2. The layouts were drawn according to require dimensions as given in figures

with the help of scriber.

3. Unwanted parts of plate were cut off by scissors and 6mm of shared sides
were folded and bent as per the dimension.

4. For handle part, a tin sheet having dimension of 250mm*30mm was taken
.margin were done according to the dimensions and unwanted edge were
removed. The margined part was then folded as per the dimension.

5. Central punch was made on the points where the drilling was to be done, to
join the side of pan and its handle.

6. Handle and side pan were fixed by reverting with the help of ball peen
hammer.

7. Filling was done at the shape end of dust pan to remove its sharpness

8. Finally the dust pan was made smooth with the help of rubber hammer.
Lathe machine:

A lathe is machine in which work piece is rotated against the cutting tools.
The cutting tool is moved lengthwise (parallel or at an angle), crosswise
(perpendicular or at angle) to the axis of the bed and the shape of work
generated depends upon the operation. The operation are accomplished by
holding the work securely and rigidly on the machine and then turning it
against cutting tool which removes metal from the work in the form of
clips. Turning, boring, thread cutting, etc. are performed in lathe.

Main components of lathe:

1) Headstock
2) Carriage
3) Tailstock
4) Bed
Headstock

The main spindle mounted on bearing transmits the rotary motion to work
piece. The spindle that is securely mounted, is sturdy and of best steel. In
most cases the spindles are hollow. So that the bar stock can be guided
through. The bearing surfaces of the spindles are hardened and ground
plain bearings made of bronze are often used for spindles. Rollers bearings
have less friction and are also commonly used. The spindle must run freely
on the bearings. Too much play in bearings causes chatter marks on the
turned face of the work piece which may also become oval.

The head of the main spindle is provided with threads for fixing all kind of
chucking equipment. Lathe centers can be inserted in the tapered hole of
the main spindle. The spindle is driven by the main drive of the lathe.

Carriage

The carriage mainly supports and carries the turning tool and also contains
the feed mechanism and its adjustment. This carriage consists of the
saddle, the cross slide, the compound slide with tool holder and apron. The
slide should move in the guide ways freely without any play. The saddle and
the cross slide are either operated by feed shaft or screw.

Tailstock

It serves as a support for turning long work pieces. For drilling and
reaming operations, the tailstock can be used as the tailstock sleeve that
has been provided with a mores taper to accommodate the respective
tools. The tailstock can be shifted on the lathe bed and can be clamped in
position through the base with a locking lever. The tailstock spindle with
hand wheel is used for shifting the tailstock sleeve. With the set screw the
sleeve can be clamped in position.
Lathe bed

It carries all lathe parts. It is supported by the pedestals. The carriage and
the tailstock move on the guide ways which are usually “V” and flat shaped.
Bigger diameters can be turned on the lathe with gap bed. It consists of
following parts: saddle, cross slide, compound slide, tool post and apron.

Lab work on lathe:

We have known the operation and mechanism of lathe machine. We used

it for making hinge in lab. The lathe machine can be used for various
purposes such as straight turning, chamfering, shoulder turning, facing,
thread cutting filing, knurling, taper turning, polishing, grooving, spinning,
forming, drilling, reaming, boring, taping, grinding and milling.

Different types of hammers:

1) Ball Peen Hammer: Those hammer which contain ball on it one part of
the head and the flat surface on one side. Mainly used in the work with
rivet.
2) Claw Hammer: those hammer which contain a claw on one side. Used
for taking out the nails and rivets which are fixed on certain surface.

3) Cross Peen Hammer: Hammer with the pin, used for the works when
the acting surface area is small.

4) Wood Hammer: Hammer made up of wood, commonly used for the

sheet working.
5) Club Hammer: Hammer used for the heavy work, like in works related
with heavy metal, hard surface area.
FILES: The files are the surface or the metal layer which I used to make any
surface smooth, free of rust. There are different types of files, some of them are
Flat file, Round file, semi round file, triangular file, square file etc. the efficiency of
different files are known by its pitch i.e. distance between the two teeth.

HACK-SAW: The hack-saw Is the device used for cutting propose, physically it
consist of hack saw frame , blade, handle etc., the blade are set on the frame and
the operation I carried out, the cutting Is done in forward stroke, and the back
stroke help to clean path for next stroke.

RIVETS :Rivets are made up of oft metal which Is used to joint two or more then
plates or pieces of metals with each other fat and permanently, joint made with
rivets are called rivets joint. Mainly used in boiler, bridge etc.

Safety Measures:

1) The working area should be kept neat and clean.

2) If any accident happens, it should be reported to supervisor
immediately.
3) Files, scrapers etc. should not be used without handle.
4) It should be checked whether the machines and tools are in proper
condition or not before doing job.
5) Hair should be kept short or one should wear cap.
6) We should not play in the workshop.
7) Rings, watches, ties as well as college dress shouldn’t be worn during
job.
8) Machine, equipment, tools should be kept clean and in good condition.
9) The machine should be switched off immediately if anything goes
wrong.

10) We should wear safety glasses, shoes and apron during workshop.
Procedure for making hammer:

1) First we had taken a metal bar of size 25*25*100.

2) The 100 mm long bar is marked and cut with dimension as shown in the
figure in next page. This cutting gives the head of hammer.
3) Then a hole of diameter 10mm I made at a distance 50 mm from top so
that the hole I exactly in the middle of bar.
4) After the filing and making the surface smooth we had to storage it
safely so that it must not get rusted.
5) Now the metal rod of diameter 18mm and length of 250mm is taken.
6) This metal rod I first bore with the lathe machine.
7) The tip to fit in the hole of the head I made and the knurling is done in
lathe machine.
8) Now the threading in both the tip of handle and in the hole in head is
done.
9) Finally the handle and the head Is joint to get a complete hammer.

Conclusion:

Hence we are able to make dustpan and hammer by using different hand
tools which are used in our daily life. After finishing this lab, we have
learned many more about the use of tools, machine and equipment’s and
their functions. We became familiarize about drilling, shaping, surfacing,
filing, threading, knurling etc.