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2021 Specimen Paper 2 Insert

The document describes pseudocode functions and operators that can be used for fundamental problem-solving and programming. It provides examples of string, character and numeric functions including MID, LENGTH, LEFT, RIGHT, LCASE, UCASE, TO_UPPER, TO_LOWER, NUM_TO_STRING and others. Logical and mathematical operators are also described.

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27 views4 pages

2021 Specimen Paper 2 Insert

The document describes pseudocode functions and operators that can be used for fundamental problem-solving and programming. It provides examples of string, character and numeric functions including MID, LENGTH, LEFT, RIGHT, LCASE, UCASE, TO_UPPER, TO_LOWER, NUM_TO_STRING and others. Logical and mathematical operators are also described.

Uploaded by

Trynos
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Cambridge International AS & A Level

COMPUTER SCIENCE 9618/02


Paper 2 Fundamental Problem-solving and Programming Skills For examination from 2021
SPECIMEN INSERT 2 hours
*0123456789*

INFORMATION
● This insert contains all the resources referred to in the questions.
● You may annotate this insert and use the blank spaces for planning. Do not write your answers on the
insert.

This document has 4 pages. Blank pages are indicated.

© UCLES 2018 [Turn over


2

Pseudocode Functions

An error is generated if the syntax is incorrect, or if a parameter type is incorrect.

MID(ThisString : STRING, x : INTEGER, y : INTEGER) RETURNS STRING


returns a string of length y starting at position x from ThisString

Example: MID("ABCDEFGH", 2, 3) returns "BCD"

LENGTH(ThisString : STRING) RETURNS INTEGER


returns the integer value representing the length of ThisString

Example: LENGTH("Happy Days") returns 10

LEFT(ThisString : STRING, x : INTEGER) RETURNS STRING


returns leftmost x characters from ThisString

Example: LEFT("ABCDEFGH", 3) returns "ABC"

RIGHT(ThisString: STRING, x : INTEGER) RETURNS STRING


returns rightmost x characters from ThisString

Example: RIGHT("ABCDEFGH", 3) returns "FGH"

LCASE(ThisChar : CHAR) RETURNS CHAR


returns the character value representing the lower case equivalent of ThisChar

If ThisChar is not an upper-case alphabetic character, it is returned unchanged.

Example: LCASE('W') returns 'w'

UCASE(ThisChar : CHAR) RETURNS CHAR


returns the character value representing the upper case equivalent of ThisChar

If ThisChar is not a lower-case alphabetic character, it is returned unchanged.

Example: UCASE('a') will return 'A'

TO_UPPER(ThisString : STRING) RETURNS STRING


returns a string formed by converting all alphabetic characters of ThisString to upper case.
Non-alphabetic characters are unchanged.

Example: TO_UPPER("Disk Error 27") returns "DISK ERROR 27"

TO_LOWER(ThisString : STRING) RETURNS STRING


returns a string formed by converting all alphabetic characters of ThisString to lower case.

Non-alphabetic characters are unchanged.

Example: TO_LOWER("ERROR - Password Invalid") returns "error – password invalid"

© UCLES 2018 9618/02/SI/21


3

NUM_TO_STRING(x : REAL) RETURNS STRING


returns a string representation of a numeric value.
Note: This function will also work if x is of type INTEGER

Example: NUM_TO_STRING(87.5) returns "87.5"

STRING_TO_NUM(x : STRING) RETURNS REAL


returns a numeric representation of a string.
Note: This function will also work if x is of type CHAR

Example: STRING_TO_NUM("87.5") returns 87.5

INT(x : REAL) RETURNS INTEGER


returns the integer part of x

Example: INT(27.5415) returns 27

ASC(ThisChar : CHAR) RETURNS INTEGER


returns the ASCII value of ThisChar

Example: ASC('A') returns 65

CHR(x : INTEGER) RETURNS CHAR


returns the character whose ASCII value is x

Example: CHR(87) returns 'W'

MOD(ThisNum : INTEGER, ThisDiv : INTEGER) RETURNS INTEGER


returns the integer value representing the remainder when ThisNum is divided by ThisDiv

Example: MOD(10,3) returns 1

DIV(ThisNum : INTEGER, ThisDiv : INTEGER) RETURNS INTEGER


returns the integer value representing the whole number part of the result when ThisNum is divided
by ThisDiv

Example: DIV(10,3) returns 3

Pseudocode Operators

Operator Description
Used to concatenate (join) two strings
&
Example: "Summer" & " " & "Pudding" produces "Summer Pudding"
Used to perform a logical AND on two Boolean values
AND
Example: TRUE AND FALSE produces FALSE
Used to perform a logical OR on two Boolean values
OR
Example: TRUE OR FALSE produces TRUE
Used to perform a logical NOT on a Boolean value
NOT
Example: NOT FALSE produces TRUE

© UCLES 2018 9618/02/SI/21


4

BLANK PAGE

Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of
Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which itself is a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2018 9618/02/SI/21

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