WORKSHEET # 1

TITLE PAGE

ANALYSIS ON COPRA PRODUCTION AS PERCIEVED BY COPRA FARMERS

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An Undergraduate Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the

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In partial Fulfillment of the requirement for the Degree of

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By:

Justine Eve C. Navarro

The coconut palm (Cocos nucifera L.) is one of the most useful tropical tresses.
This multipurpose tree is used for food, beverage, shelter, animal feed and grown
industrially for the edible and highly saturated oil contained in the flesh of its fruits.
The concur palm and its fruit are regarded as the most important plant to humans
around the world (Child, 1974). Among its most important uses, coconut is a food
source, provides supplement for the body fluids and minerals, and acts as an anthelminthic.

The coconut industry in the Philippines plays a key role in shaping national
development. It is among the top ten export producer of the country as exhibited by
the good export performance of both traditional and non-traditional coconut products.
According to Philippine Coconut Authority, About one third or 3.26 million hectares
of the country’s arable agricultural land is planned by coconut representing sixty-four
(64) out of total seventy-nine (79) province and 1, 195 out of the 1,554
Municipalities of the country. It provides a sustainable income source for Filipino by
Way of employment generation.through is many programs.Coconut (coco’s nucifera
L.) is popular known as the “TREE OF LIFE” because of the variety of products
and by-products made from the tree namely: coconut meal, oil, juice, husk, shell,
charcoal, leaves, pith, inflorescence, truck and roots. It is dubbed the tree of life not
only for the variety of products that can be made from it but also for the variety of
livelihoods that it can support.

Coconut has been grown in our country for as long as one can remember.
Apart from being a major cash crop or economic crop, it been a source of food and income of
Filipinos for ages. The coconut palm (Cocos nucifera L.) is one of the most important crops in
the Philippines. It is considered a major export, contributing 3.6% of the country gross
value-added (GVA) in a agriculture, next to rice, banana and corn. Indeed, the country remain to
be a top producer and exporter of coconut worldwide (PSA 2019, Lapina and Andal 2017).

Today, most coconut farmers still relay largely on copra as their main or major income source
and since most coconut farmers are still fragmented or are disorganized, they have no power to
command uniform or better price for the commodity.

Copra products are suffering due to low farm productivity, and unstable and poor developed
market of four copra and coconut- oil- the tradition coconut products. World yields have been
declining 719 kg per hectare per year in 1976 to 430 kg in 1984 and 400kg in 1992.

A decline in the coconut economy means a decline in the diet and standard of living millions of
coconut farmers living in marginal and fragile environments where coconut grown, as loss of
nutrition of many populations and a general loss of income in many countries where coconuts are
important.

As classified by the researchers in Bgry.Union, Dapa, Surigao Del Norte there are no researcher
have been conducted yet about an analysis on copra production perceived by the copra farmers.
Hence, this research is hereby approved.
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SCOPE AND DELIMITATIONS
Generally, this study aims to focus mainly on the analysis on copra production by copra
farmers. The participants of this study are the copra farmers in the Brgy. Union, Dapa, Surigao
Del Norte. That we have chosen to be our subject.
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SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study will contribute new information to the readers, the result will be beneficial to the
group copra farmers in Brgy. Union, Dapa, Surigao del Norte. Specially the result of the study
will go along way to give knowledge to the individual copra farmers in Brgy. Union, Dapa,
Surigao del Norte, to serve as a guide to the copra farmers in Brgy, Union, Dapa, Surigao del
Norte and applicable to lives of future copra farmers.
WORKSHEET #5
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Coconut oil is the most important product of the coconut palm. The oil content in coconut copra
and oil yield per hectare varies among the cultivars (Louis and Ramachandran,1981; Naresh
Kumar et al, 2000b)

According to Satyabalan (1997) studied the impact of weather variables on different components
of coconut fruit.

Failure in rainfall not only affect the nut production but the amount of copra per nut also gets
reduced (Murray,1977).

Domestic copra price is dependent to the coconut oil price in the global market. The global
coconut price on the other hand is determined or affected by the supply and demand situation of
other vegetable oil (e.g., Oil palm, soybean, rapeseed, sunflower, olive oil etc.) -(Philippine
Coconut Authority 2019).

Indicated that coconut farmers ranked second in terms of poverty incidence and ranked third in
terms of subsistence poverty, a measure of extreme poverty or those who do not even have
enough income to meet basic food needs. - (Family Income Expenditure Survey, 2009)

In fact, the coconut regions are home to majority of extremely poor Filipinos: Caraga (25.3%),
Zamboanga Peninsula (23.5%), Eastern Visayas (19%) and Bicol (17.8%) – (Reyes 2012)

Price monitoring export, the average farm-gate price of copra as of April 16 reach P13.00 per
kilogram, 41.34 percent lower than average quotation of P22.28 per kilogram last year. –
(Philippine Coconut Authority)

Coconut farmers have been suffering from the plummeting copra price following a supply glut in
the world market. (Philippine Coconut Authority)

Low price of copra would farther weaken the purchasing power of families of coconut farmers. –
(National Economic and Development Authority, 2018)
Over a million farmers are solely dependent on coconut production as their main food of
livelihood. Yet, over the past decade, these farmers had suffered the effect of low copra prices.
Price in the global market for the commodity had fluctuated and such fluctuation are also
reflected in local market pricing.
http.//www.conscientiabeam.com/ebooks/ICETSR-28-%20(527-534).PDF

The industry is experiencing decline in the supply of coconut oil mainly due to the significance
drop yield and “stagnant to negative” growth in the coconut production. In contrast, the demand
for coconut oil has been growing substantially in the recent years. This can be attributed to
consumer opting for healthier options for food and other product (Broaddus 2016)

Coconut oil is the top ten export product from coconut, which comprises almost 80% of the total
coconut exports and hence, generates the highest export earnings (PSA 2019). This oil, which is
extracted from mature nuts through wet and dry (from dry nuts) process, can be process into
cooking oil food ingredients, medicine, soap, and detergent, among others it is also known to
have multiple benefits (Peace Equity Foundation, 2016).

Local coconut farmers whose livelihood activities have been adversely affected given the decline
in the price of copra due to the supply glut vegetable oil in the global market. (Pirol, EF. 2019)

This implies that the low current income from farming motivates farmers to seek higher support
prices and to extend price support policies to more commodities. Such policies result in further
higher prices and higher rates in inflation. The high input prices lead farmers to take recourse to
more credit, especially non-institutional credit for their farm operation which is ultimately into a
debt trap. (Okuneye, 2002)

Coconut farmers are more confronted with market related difficulties such as low and highly
fluctuating prices and difficulty to find favorable market outlets for their products rather than the
technological challenges which is result in low productivity in the farm (Jnanadevan 2018).

Farmers who live far from large coconut-processing factories have little choice but to process
coconuts on their farms into a very low-value product called copra. Average annual incomes
from copra are only $620 per year and copra-dependent communities are among the poorest in
the Philippine. .https://www.cocoasense.com/impact
According to Woodroof (1970) the terms coconut is derived from the Spanish and Portuguese
word “coco” which means “monkey/grotesque face” but the plant is known in many countries by
local names. For example, it has been known as “naryal” in India for millennia and as “nut of
India” by Cosmos, the Egyptian traveler in AD 545. The tree itself has been described as, “man’s
most useful tree”, “king of the tropical forest”, “tree of heaven” and lazyman’s crop, inter alia.
Coconut is one of the most important perennial palms, which sustains livelihood of
resource poor farm family and the coastal agroecosystems in the tropics. The coconut palm is a
versatile tree; its value is innumerable to the society. Coconut has a distribution mainly in coastal
region as 20° on either side of the equator. In India, coconut has been aiding the farmers and
obtaining high productivity and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress. Coconut breeding is
constrained by many inherent problems like lack of vegetative propagation, long juvenile phase,
large area needed for experimentation and seed production and high variability. Methods of
improvement employed in coconut are gene pool enrichment and introduction, selection and
varietal cross hybrids. Several workers reported variation in morphological and reproductive
characters in many hybrids. Understanding the genetic architecture of the crop is an important
pre-requisite for any breeding program. Genetic architecture in coconut palm is poorly
understood. There are very few reports on inheritance of important traits of growth, development
and yield. A brief account of biometrical studies, identification of hybrids using molecular
markers and sub cellular organelle activities and influence of weather parameters on yield is
presented here.
S. Rajkumar and R. Thamil Selvan in their study entitled “Importance of Coconut
Cultivation” pointed out the significance of coconut as a source of edible oil and as an agro-
based raw material for many industries such as manufacture of shell power, and handicrafts.
Fermented coconut toddy is an intoxicant used widely in the west coast if India. Vinegar and
jaggery are important by – products of coconut toddy. The tree trunk is used as a building
material and for making furniture. Fifty percent of the total coconut production is converted into
copra. Coconut crop is raised in India under varying soil and climatic conditions in 17 states and
3 Union Territories. As the coconut tree is versatile in its adaptability to wide range of soil
conditions, coconut cultivation has 52 begun to spread from the west coast of India to interior
regions of Tamil Nadu specially to Erode District and Thanjavur District.