4MultiPlication

In this chapteryouwill leafn'...

Q tnat knowingyour multiplicationtablesis important
@ how to multiplyby 10or 100
@ how to multiplyanynumberby a singledigit
@ now to multiplyanytwo numberstogether

{ MultiplicationTables
LearnAbout lt
Supposeyou want to buy 4 mangoesat $6 each. How much will it cost?
Yod often need to work out things like this. To help,you learn a few simple
facts. These are you{ muldpllcation tables.
The result of multiptying numbers is called the
product. Word Check
Make sure that you know your multiplication multlplication table a list
ables before you start these questions. showing 1 x anumber,
2 x it,3 x it, and so on.
product ttre result of
multiplying numbers

Try lt Out
@ enAr.* did some questions'Write
on ables. He wrote the answersdown but forgot
to write out the questions. his work out as shown in the example.

n-arnple 8
Answer 4x2=8

1 lo 2r5 3 28 440 564

6 I 756 8 18 924 10 30
1 1 54 12 32 1 3 72 14 36 15 49
16 12 17 27 1 8 35 19 63 20 81
Did e\rery student write the samequestion?
 Chapter4 Multiplication

Practice
@ Ur. multiplication tables to answer these questions. Show the working before
you write down Sre answer.

n*arnple Annalee has 4 shelves in her room. Eadr shelf holds 8 folders.
How many folders can she put on her shelves?
Worklng 4x8=32
Answer She can put32 folders on her shelves.

I There are 7 pairs of socks in my drawer. How many socks'are there?

2 Ms Eastwood took 7 pupils to a museum. The tickets were $5 each. How
much did it cost altogether?
Errol is decorating his bathroom. He bought 3 packs of tiles. Eachpack
has 4 tiles in it. How many tiles did he buy?
4 ln acar park, each row of spacescan hold 8 cars. There are 8 rows. How
many cars can park there?
5 'Fentos'come ig packs of 5. Susiebought 6 packs. How many Pentosdid
she buy?
A mandolin is an instrument wittr 8 strings. A music shop has 5 mandolins
in the window. How many strings is that altogether?
7 Triangleshave 3 sides. How nuny sideswill9 separatetriangles have?
8 A chessboard has 8 rows, each with 8 sqrurres.How many squrnesane
therb on a chessboard?

Q no-r and Co. send items all over the country. They put items into boxes,then
pac.k the boxes into cases. Copy and complete the table.

Soap I 6
Hairspray 4 I
Comb 6 5
Towel 3 I
Sponge I 5

FinishedEady?
Q c" to pase335
 Unit 2 The four-Op"r.tion,

Further Practice
Each number machine has 5 numbers that are fed into it. Copy the table and
fill in the last column. The first one has been done for you.

0uestion Inputnumbar tlachine Ou$mnumbers

1 6,4.7,9,5 re 12,8,14,18,10
2 4 ,3 , 9, 6 , 8 re'
3 8,3,6,5.7
re
4 9,2,7,3,4
re
) 3,8,7,4,9
re,
6 4,7,9,2,8
re'
@ so-. friends work out how much money they have saved.Copy and complete
the-table.
l[ame Amountcactrwest tumber ol wooks Amourtsaved
Jody BDS$3 I
Glen BDS$5 6
Linda BDS$6 7
Gareth BDS$4 I
Faith ' BDS$7

STho saved the most?

Finished Early?
g o" to prge 335
A Muftiply by 10 or 100
LearnAbout lt
Multiply by 10
1 Our number system is based on tens. This makes it easy to multiply by 10.
Multiplying by 10 changes units into teris. This shows what happens when
youdo5xlO.
6 !, g,
=t E E
@ o' ct
E o B E c r 9
E o g c
= @ =
- c i : =
=
E
o =

6 D 6 < -
4
6
i
0

6 movesinto puta0inthe
the tens column units
 4 Multiplication
Chaoter

2 Multiplying by lb changes tens into hundreds. This shows what happens

when you work out 25 x 1O.
u, 6 a
=,
o
E
o)
-t
o
E . ^ U ' 9 6 9
E o C
E C = E g =
2 5 2 5 +- 2 5 0
t f t
intothehundreds
2moves column
and puta0inthe
5moves intothetenscolumn emptyunitscolumn

There is a simple rule to help you do this.

This works with any whole number. Key Fact
so lo8 x 10 = 1080. To multipty a whole number
by lO,put 0 onto *re end of it.

3 Multiply these numbers by 10.

'(a)
5 G) q (c) la (d) 46 (e) 22r

Multiply by 100
4 Multiplying by IOOis iust the sameas multiplying by fO and then
multiplying by 1Oagain.
Multiplying by l0O changesunits into hundreds. This shows what
happenswhen you work out 3 x 1OO.
a 6 a
E tt
6t 6' o
L

E o g = a g P o P
E g = E g =
3 3 <+- 3 0 0
.
I
l
+
3 movesintothe put0'sinfre einpty
hondredscolumn tensandunitscolumns

Multiplying by f Oo changes tens into ttrousands. This shows what

happens when you work out 71 x lOO.
a o j j 4 3 t
E U' E @
E -t - E - G '
€ o o
o =
P 6 9 )
@
3 E o g,
'= v r g 3 ! o s
c,
E = o = o r = P

7 I 7 1 <<- 7 1 0 0
t i
put0'sintheempty
t
intothethousands
7 mbves column
and1movesintothehundreds
column tensandunitscolumns
 Unit2 Thefow Op"rr,ion,

There is a simple rule to help you

do this. Key Fact
This works with any whole number. To multipty a whole number
So 449 x l0O = 449OO. by 10O,put 00 onto the end
6 Multipty these numbers by 1OO. of it.
(a) 3 G) 8 (c) 16
(d) i2 (e) rK

Try lt Out
t Multipty each of these numbers by 10.
O
r-arnFle .34
'Working
and answer 34x tO = 34O (Put O onto tbe end of j4.)

(a) t b)4 (c) 12 (d) 25 (e) 36

(D ft Q) roz (h) 166 (1) 47o c) 1609
2 Multiply each of these numbers by 1O0.

Example 9l
Working and answer 9l x lOO = 9100
(Put OOonto tbe end of 91.)

(a) 8 G)r (c) 13 (d)24 (e) 3z

$) tt
(g) 103 (h) 165 (i) 48o c) 1608
LearnMore About lt
If you can multipty by 10 and 1O0,there are lots of other things you can do'
1 You can work out 3 x 20,because2Ois iust 2 x lO.
3 x2O
i s t h e s a m e a3s x 2 x10
is the sameas 6 x 1O = 60.
2 You can work out 70Ox 4. Find 7 x 4 first,then put the 0Ofrom 70Oonto
the end:
7OOx4
i s t h e s a m e a s7 x 4 x10O
is the sameas 28 x 1O0 = 28OO.
 Chapter
4 Multiplication

3 You can work o.rr tO x 60. Find 8 x 6 first, then put 0 onto the end twice
because both numbers have O at the end.
8Ox60
i s t h e s a m e a s8 x 6 xlOxl0
is the same as 48 x 10 x lO = 4800.
4 Work out 40 x 5O.Be carefi.rl!
4x5=2O.
Put OOonto the end:2000.
So 4O x 5O = 20OO.

Try lt Out
@ wort theseout usingmethod1,2,3 or 4above.
I (a) 5x3o (b)6x40 (c)3x70
(d) 60x6 (e)30x9 (D 80x5
2 (a) 7 x2OO (b) 3 x aoo (c) 4 x 5oo
(d) 9oox z (e) 8O0x 8 (f) 200 x 9
3'(a) ,o x70 (b) lo x so (c) 60 x 20
(il) 40 x 40 (e) 7o x zo (D 5ox6o

Practice
(D t" each question, two answers are the sameand the other is different.
Find the'odd one out'.
There is one question that needs special care!

Exa.mple (a) 2x3oo (b) 60x 10 (c) 4ox2o

Working (a) 2x3 = 6 (Put OOonto tbe end.) 6OO
. O) 6x I = 6(PutOandO onto the end.)6OO
(c) 4 x 2 = 8 (Put O and O onto tbe end.) 8OO
Answer (c) is the odd one out.

1(a) 4ox2o (b) 10 x 80 (c) 4oox4

2 (a) 3oox6i'' (b) g x 2oo (c) 110x 1o
3 (a)50xlo (b) 2OOx 5 (c) 3o x zo
4 (a) 7ox4o (b) 200 x 7 (c) zoox z
5 (a)4xloo (b)80x5 (c) 2Ox2O
6. (a) 5oox 7 (b) 60 x 60 (c) 7o x lo
7 (a) 120x 1oO (b) 30 x 4o (c) 5 x 20o
8 (a) 49xroo (b) zox zo (c) 20 x49o
 Unit2 TheFourOperations

Q Wort out the total cost of.each of these items.

Show your working.

Garden shed , 50
Patio 60
Garage extension , 40
Smallcar 200
Familycar 300

FinishedEarly?
Q c. topage335
Further Practice
(t) n""n number machine has five input numbers. Copy the table, then
work out the output numbers. Put your working underneath the table.

Exanple 10,20,
30,40,50 D 20,40.60,
80,100
I 6,4,7,9,5 D
2 4,3,9,6,8 D
3 80,30,60,50,70 D
{t 90,20,70,30,40 D
5 300,800,700,400,900 D
6 N,70,90,20,80 D
7 30,70,60,20,50 D
8 8,9,3,5,4 D
@ fr.tt question has two multiplications. Work them out, then write *ne if they
give the sameanswer or diFFrart if they don't.
1 (a)6x10 (b)3oxz 2 (a) 10x8 (b) 4xzo
3 (a)4xl0o (b) roxAo 4 (a) 1O0x7 (b) 8o x r0
5.(a) 5x4o (b)4xSo 6 (a) 2x6O (b)40x3
7 (a) 80x3 (b)4x5o 8 (a) 9 0x 7 (b)ffxro
9 (a) 6x6oo (b) gooxa 10 (a) 2x8OO (b) 1o0 x 12

FinishedEarly?
Q c" topage335
 Chapter4 Multiplication

I€ MultiPly by a Digit
LearnAbout lt
If you knovr your tables and can multipty by f_0or 1(X),you can multiply any
number by a single digit.
Tko different people will show you how they do it.

1 look at this question: 52 x 3.

Rob does it like this.
Key Fact
x s 0 2 When you multiply riumbeis,
you can do it in any order.
3

He usesthe box method.

He splits 52up into 5O+ 2 and puts ttres€ above his boxes.
- The answers go in the boxes.
Now he addsth'emup. 15O+ 6 = 156.
So52x3=156.
Herc is another one. 4 x 173.
Rob tlfnks it is easier to multiply a big number by x
a small nnmber. 4x 173 gives the sameanswet
4 { n l 2 m l 1 2
as 173 x 4,so he does 173 x 4 instead.
4C0+28O+12=692.
So173x4=692.

Now try 64x 5 and 6 x2l8 this way.

Janice does 52 x 3 like this. Sheworks in columns.

 Unit2 TheFourOperations

This is howJanice does 4 x 173.

Her method works better with 173 x 4 too,so she does it this way round.

1 7 3 1 7 3 1 7 3
x -T 4 x --ET4 x 4
6ez
| 2 r 2 l
+
units:
+
tens:
+
hundreds:
3x4=12 7x4=28 lx4=4
Write2 here; Youwould Youwould
carryI to write8 here write4 here
thetens butyouhave butyouhave
to addonthe to addon$e
1carriedfrom 2 carried
before,sowrite frombefore,
t here;carry2 sowrite
intothehundreds 6 here

4 Now try 6 x 35 and,338x 4 this way.

Word Check
column a position for a digit
product the result of
multiplying numbers
Try lt Out
Q ur. Rob'sbox method to do these.
1 21x 4 2 4 3x 2 3 )x53 4 6x81 5 27x4
6 7x55 7 1 2 3x g I 5x415 9 68sx3 10 l2l7 x I

@ ureJanice'scolumn methodto do these.

1 23x3 2 4l x2 3 4x52 4 73x3 5 3 x35
6 5x83 7 2I8 x7 8 6x4O5 9 1 7 7x 9 1 0 8 x 1366

Practice
$ nacfr question has two multiplications. You can use either method to find the
answers. Work them out, then write s4rru if they give the same answer or
diffiaa* if they don't.
1 . ( a )2 4 x 7 (b) 21 x8 2 (a) 45xB ($)5x75
3 (a) 6zx3 Cb)6x36 4 (a) 81 x 6 (b) 54 xg
5 (a) 99x8 (b) 88x9 6 (a)zx11r (b)yxe
7 (a) 7 x225 (b) 185 x 9 8 (a) 833 x 4 b) 476x7
9 (a) 8x265 (b) 5 x 424 10 (a) 1554x 9 b) 243r x 6
 Chapter4 Multiplication

@ ur. the method you prefer to answer these questions.

Some students were talking about what they earned in the sunmer holidays.
Copy and complete the table. Put your working underneath the table.

Student Wagesperweoft{$l f,umberofweeks Tffil aarned

Scott 1134 5
Elaine 774 o
Grace 1485 o
Claire 891 7
'1935
Jacob 3
Hugh 1080 5

Who earned the most?

Finished Early?
O o" to page335

FurtherPractice
@ ur. the method you prefer to answerthese.
Remember to'turn the question round'if you have to.
121x4 2 3zx3 3 42x2 4 6x5r 5 62x4
6 2x84 73x63 833x5 946x7 10 2 9x 3
11 4 457 12 9x28 13 94x8 14 3x176 15 r 3 5 x 4
16 2x277 17 633x7 18-9x 528 19 6 x ro48 20 5533x 5

@ wort out how much it costs to buy all the issues of these magazines.

Magazine Gostperissue{EG$l llumber of issues ' Totalcost

Food
Good Guide I 36
Which
Car? I 24
Computer
Gamer B 42
Matters
Medical 84 I
CDHeaven 6 . 104
ModelMart 12 75

Finished Early?
O o" to prge 335
a-

Unit 2 The Four OPerations

4 Multiply bYTwo Digits

LearnAbout lt
These diagrams show how Rob would work out
67 x 43 and329 x 26 using the box method.
x 3 0 0 2 0 9

-FT;I
x 6 0 7

flno 4m 1m

'FFI t800 lm 54

2 5 8 0 +3 0 1 = 2 8 8 1 7 8 0 0 +5 2 0 + 2 3 4 = 8554
6 7 3 2 9
These diagrams show how x 4 3 x 2 6
Janice would do them 2U1 I 917s4
using long multiPlication. 2 6280 6 5 r 80
2 8 8 1 8 5 5 4
l-t-

Try lt Out
@ ur. Rob'sbox method to do these.
Remember that you can change the order of the numbers if you like.
1 2rxr4 2 43 x2 8 3 5 3 x6 3 4 r6xBI5 5 287x49 6 r 7o7x55

Q ut.Jahice's column method to do these.

Remember that you can change the order of the numbers if you like.
1 4 3 x r 3 2 4rx3 2 3 7 4 x5 2 4 7 35x35 5 82x3O6 6 28x25r 5

Practice
@ f" each question, two answers are the same and the other is different.
Find the'odd one out'. use the method you prefer to work them out.
There is one question that needs special care!

rvarnple (a) 26 x t6 (b) 28x 15 (c) 35xtz

'Working
? 6 7 8 3 5
x t 6 xt5 xt2.
t 5t6 t 440 7&
7 6 0 7 8 0 3 5 0
L tt6 qZ.0 4e.0
-T-
T- T-
Answ€f (a) is the odd one out
 Chapter4 Multiplication

1 (a) 2rx35 (b) 29 x 25 (c) 49 x 15

2 (a) 56x 44 (b) 39x66 (c) zl x3z
3 (a) 78xr4 (b) 84 x 13 (c) 35x32
4 (a) 732xrr (b) 44 x 33 (c) r2rxL2
5 (a) 56rx85 (b) 935 x lt (c) 65 x733
t Here are the weekly wages of some workers. There are 52 weeks in a year.
@
.Calculate how much each earns in tyear.
(a) $t6s (b) $gtz (c) $t4ss (d) $zzsr
These are four people's monthly salaries. There are 12 months in ayear.
Calculate how much each person earns in ayeat
(a) $4194 (b) $5481 (c) $850S (d) $11 375
A floor tile has Ln Trea of 225 square cm. Find the area in square cm
covered by
'(b)
(a) 16 tiles 25 tiles (c) 36 tites (d) 64 tiles

0 wort these out one step at a time.

Eyarnple 43 x 24 x 32
Working 43 1037
xz.4 x 37
t /Y\. 7 0 6 4
8 6 0 3 0 q 6 a
t c 3 7 3 3 4 7 4
1 a

Answer 13 x 21x 32 = 33 o24

1 l5x16x17 224x18x12 3 35x27 x14

4 46x75x36 5 r23x45x67 6 21x22x23x24

Further Practice Inputnumbers Machine Omptltnumberc

@ racn number machine
has three input
26,33,52 D
numbers.
'Work
75,102,146 D
out the output
.numbers. Show your
68,307,
555 D
working. 116,230,783 D
69,217,981 D