Revised 03/2012

SECTION 33 05 13

MANHOLES

PART 1 GENERAL

1.01 SECTION INCLUDES

A. CONTRACTOR shall furnish and install precast concrete manhole base, sections,
adjusting rings, steps, and manhole ring and cover, complete.

1.02 RELATED SECTIONS

A. The following is a list of SPECIFICATIONS which may be related to this section:

1. Section 07 91 00, Manhole Preformed Joint Seals.

2. Section 31 23 00, Excavation and Fill.

3. Section 31 23 19, Dewatering.

4. Section 31 23 33, Trenching and Backfilling.

1.03 REFERENCES

A. The following is a list of standards which may be referenced in this section:

1. ASTM International (ASTM):

a. A48/A48M, Standard Specification for Gray Iron Castings.

b. C150, Standard Specification for Portland Cement.

c. C478, Standard Specification for Precast Reinforced Concrete Manhole

Sections.

1.04 SUBMITTALS

A. CONTRACTOR shall submit manufacturer’s technical descriptions of manhole

sections, steps, rings, and covers.

B. CONTRACTOR shall submit repair materials and methods to ENGINEER for

review and approval.

C. Material and procedures to be used in structure abandonment shall be approved by

ENGINEER.

PART 2 PRODUCTS

2.01 MATERIALS

A. Precast Manhole Sections:

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1. Precast reinforced concrete manhole top sections shall be produced using

Type II Portland cement, or as approved by ENGINEER, and be fabricated in
accordance with ASTM C478.

2. Flexible plastic sealant, RAM-NEK, or equivalent, shall be required for all

horizontal mating surfaces between precast top sections and precast slab tops of
meter vaults.

3. Manhole sections shall be clearly marked with the information specified for
product marking in ASTM C478.

4. Imperfections in the precast concrete manhole base or sections shall be reviewed

by ENGINEER prior to repair.

B. Manhole Frames and Covers:

1. Manhole frames and covers shall be three hundred and thirty-eight (338) pounds
or greater, twenty-four-inch (24") inside diameter, as manufactured by D & L,
Model A-1161 with closed pick hole or approved equal.

2. Frost proof covers if required shall be D & L, Model A-1019 with closed pick
hole or approved equal. The ring and cover shall conform to ASTM A48/A48M
Class 35B.

3. Watertight frames and covers if required shall be NEENAH R-1915/R-1916

Series (as applicable) or approved equal.

C. Manhole Steps:

1. Manhole steps shall be polypropylene and be cast into the manhole wall at the
same time the manhole section is cast.

2. The manhole steps shall be approximately nine (9) inches wide and thirteen (13)
inches long and weigh approximately two (2) pounds.

3. The steps shall be located no more than twenty eight (28) inches from the top of
the finished manhole nor more than eighteen (18) inches from the floor and be
spaced no greater than twelve (12) inches apart.

4. The step shall have a skid-resistant surface and be designed mechanically to

prevent sideslip.

D. Joints: All precast concrete joints shall be made with a preformed joint sealer or
grout. All joints that are made with the joint sealer shall also be pointed with mortar
on the inside of the section.

1. Mortar:

a. Mortar used in jointing precast concrete manhole sections shall be

composed of one (1) part Portland cement and not more than three (3) nor
less than two (2) parts of fine aggregate. Portland cement shall meet the
requirements of ASTM C150, Type II. Hydrated lime or masonry cement
shall not be used.

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b. Fine aggregate shall consist of well-graded natural sand having clean, hard,
durable, uncoated grains, free from organic matter, soft or flaky fragments
or other deleterious substances such as calcium chloride. The fine aggregate
shall be thoroughly washed and shall be uniformly graded from coarse to
fine with a minimum of ninety five percent (95%) passing the #4 sieve and
a maximum of seven percent (7%) passing the #100 sieve.

c. All mortar shall be fresh for the WORK at hand. Mortar that has begun to
set shall not be used.

2. Joint Seals: Precast concrete manhole section joint seals shall meet the
requirements of Section 07 91 00, Manhole Preformed Joint Seals.

PART 3 EXECUTION

3.01 GENERAL

A. The manhole shall be constructed on a properly compacted subgrade and in such a

manner that the center of the manhole coincides with the intersection of the projected
centerlines of the inlet and discharge pipelines. The surface shall be level to permit
proper construction of the riser sections.

B. Changes in size and grade of channels for gravity pipelines shall be made gradually
and evenly using concrete made with ASTM C150, Type II Portland cement. The
invert channels may be formed directly in the concrete manhole base or may be
constructed by laying sewer pipe through the manhole and cutting out the top half
(1/2) of the pipe after the concrete has cured and reached design strength. The floor
of the manhole outside of the channels shall slope upward from the springline of the
pipeline to the wall of the manhole at not less than one (1) inch per foot nor more
than two (2) inches per foot.

3.02 INSTALLATION

A. Placement of Precast Concrete Base and Riser Sections:

1. Sections: Set the base and each manhole riser section such that the manhole will
be plumb. Use sections of various heights to bring the ring and cover to the
proper grade. The last riser section prior to placement of an eccentric cone or
flat top shall be the shortest available but in no case greater than twenty four
(24) inches in height.

2. Joints: Sections shall be clean and dry. Mortar joints shall not be used when
temperature of the air or section will be below thirty five degrees Fahrenheit
(35F) when placing and curing, unless supplemental heat is used to keep the
sections warm and mortar from freezing.

a. Using Joint Sealer: The mating surfaces of the two sections to be joined
shall be thoroughly cleaned. Apply the joint sealer to the seat of the base or
riser section that is already in place. Only one joint is permitted in the
sealer. Carefully lower the second precast concrete section onto the first
section so that the joint sealer compresses forming a uniform seal. Each
succeeding precast section shall be jointed in a similar manner.

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b. Using Mortar: The mating surfaces of the two (2) sections to be joined shall
be thoroughly cleaned. Apply a one-inch (1") minimum bed of freshly
mixed mortar to the joint of the section already in place. The mortar shall
be uniform in thickness and cover the entire perimeter of the section.
Carefully lower the second precast concrete section onto the first section so
that the mortar compresses forming a uniform seal. Tool the mortar for a
uniform appearing joint. Each succeeding precast section shall be jointed in
a similar manner.

3. Lifting Holes: Fill all lifting holes with mortar.

B. Adjusting Rings, Ring, and Cover Installation:

1. Install ring and cover on one or maximum of two precast concrete adjusting
rings.

2. Each adjusting ring shall be a maximum of eight (8) inches high.

3. Adjusting rings shall be placed similar to the precast concrete manhole rings
(thoroughly cleaned and placed with mortar or joint sealer).

4. The total allowable height of adjusting rings, ring, and cover shall be one (1)
inch less than the manufacturer’s shortest precast concrete riser section.

5. Unless otherwise indicated in the DRAWINGS, set the top of the adjusting rings
such that no part of the cast iron ring and cover will project above a point one-
quarter inch (1/4") below the finish surface of pavement.

C. Pipe Connections:

1. The manhole shall be thoroughly bonded to the barrel of the pipe and all
connections with pipe shall be made without projections or voids.

2. All pipes shall have a Hamilton Kent or approved equal waterstop gasket
applied around the pipe.

3. The joint between the PVC pipe and manhole wall shall be sealed with a non-
shrink grout.

3.03 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL

A. Each manhole shall be watertight from infiltration and exfiltration of water.

B. CONTRACTOR shall inspect and repair all visible leaks and damp spots.

C. When required by ENGINEER, manholes shall be pressure tested by filling with

water to the level of the top of the top riser to determine watertightness. There shall
be no measurable loss of water in a one-hour (1 hr.) time period.

3.04 ABANDONMENT

A. Manholes to be abandoned in place shall have all pipes entering or exiting the
structure plugged with lean concrete or controlled low strength material backfill (Flo-

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Fill). For manholes with existing pipes too large to plug with fill, CONTRACTOR
shall construct a bulkhead on the inside of the manhole to prevent the fill from
entering the pipes.

B. Manhole tops or cone section shall be removed to the top of the full barrel diameter
section or to a point not less than eighteen (18) inches below final grade. The
structure shall then be backfilled with lean concrete or Flo-Fill. Surface restoration
shall be completed to match the surrounding areas.

C. Manhole rings and covers, inlet grates and frames, precast flat top or cone sections,
or any other salvageable items shall be salvaged, stored, and delivered to such
location as prescribed by ENGINEER.

END OF SECTION

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SECTION 33 41 00

REINFORCED CONCRETE PIPE

PART 1 GENERAL

1.01 SECTION INCLUDES

A. This section includes construction of reinforced concrete pipe for storm drainage,
culverts, and sanitary sewer, including appurtenances normally installed as a part
of these systems. Construction may include surface preparation; trench
excavation; shoring; dewatering; lay, align and join pipe installation of
appurtenances; bedding and backfilling; surface restoration; and other related
work.

1.02 RELATED SECTIONS

A. The following is a list of SPECIFICATIONS, which may be related to this

section:

1. Section 31 11 00, Clearing and Grubbing.

2. Section 31 14 13, Topsoil Stripping and Stockpiling.

3. Section 31 23 00, Excavation and Fill.

4. Section 31 23 19, Dewatering.

5. Section 31 23 33, Trenching and Backfilling.

1.03 REFERENCES

A. The following is a list of standards, which may be referenced in this section:

1. ASTM International (ASTM):

a. A615, Standard Specification for Deformed and Plain Carbon-Steel

Bars for Concrete Reinforcement.

b. C76, Standard Specification for Reinforced Concrete Culvert, Storm

Drain, and Sewer Pipe.

c. C150, Standard Specification for Portland cement.

d. C260, Standard Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for

Concrete.

e. C361, Standard Specification for Reinforced Concrete Low-Head

Pressure Pipe.

f. C443, Standard Specification for Joints for Concrete Pipe and

Manholes, Using Rubber Gaskets.

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g. C506, Standard Specification for Reinforced Concrete Arch Culvert,

Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe.

h. C507, Standard Specification for Reinforced Concrete Elliptical

Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe.

i. C655, Standard Specification of Reinforced D-Load Culvert, Storm

Drain and Sewer Pipe.

j. C827, Standard Test Method for Change in Height at Early Ages of

Cylindrical Specimens from Cementitious Mixtures.

k. C990, Standard Specifications for Joints in Concrete Pipe, Manholes,

and Precast Box Sections Using Preformed Flexible Joint Sealants.

l. C1417, Standard Specification for Reinforced Concrete Sewer,

Storm Drain and Culvert Pipe for Direct Design.

m. C1479, Standard Practice for Installation of Precast Concrete Sewer,

Storm Drain, and Culvert Pipe Using Standard Installation.

n. C1619, Standard Specifications for Elastomeric Seals for Joining

Concrete Pipe.

o. C1628, Standard Specifications for Joints for Concrete Gravity Flow

Sewer Pipe, Using Rubber Gaskets.

2. U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (USBR): M-1, Standard Specifications for

Reinforced Concrete Pressure Pipe.

1.04 SUBMITTALS

A. Details of fittings and specials shall be furnished for approval by ENGINEER.

B. Unless otherwise specified, CONTRACTOR shall submit to ENGINEER for

approval SHOP DRAWINGS showing the exact dimension of the joints including
the permissible tolerances for each size of pipe being furnished and the size, type
and locations of gasket materials. Approval of the joint detail DRAWINGS shall
not relieve CONTRACTOR of any responsibilities to meet all of the requirements
of these SPECIFICATIONS, or of the responsibility for correctness of
CONTRACTOR’s details.

C. CONTRACTOR shall cooperate with ENGINEER in obtaining and providing

samples of all specified materials.

D. CONTRACTOR shall submit certified laboratory test certificates for all items
required in this section.

1.05 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING

A. Responsibility for Material:

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1. CONTRACTOR shall be responsible for all materials intended for the WORK
that are delivered to the construction site and accepted by CONTRACTOR.
Payment shall not be made for materials found to be defective or damaged in
handling after delivery and acceptance. Defective or damaged materials shall be
removed and replaced with acceptable materials at CONTRACTOR’s expense.

2. CONTRACTOR shall be responsible for the safe and proper storage of such
materials.

B. Pipe Acceptance:

1. In addition to any deficiencies not covered by ASTM C76 for non-pressurized

pipe ,ASTM C361 for low head pipe or ASTM C507 for Elliptical Pipe,
concrete pipe, which has any of the following visual defects, will not be
accepted.

a. Porous spots on either the inside or the outside surface of a pipe

having an area of more than ten (10) square inches and a depth of
more than one-half (1/2) inch.

b. Pipe, which has been patched to repair porous spots, cracks, or other
defects, when such patching was not approved by ENGINEER.

c. Exposure of the reinforcement when such exposure would indicate

that the reinforcement is misplaced.

d. Pipe that has been damaged during shipment or handling even

previously approved before shipment.

e. Concrete pipe, at delivery to the job site, shall have cured and reach
the design strength as required by ASTM C76 for non-pressurized
pipe, ASTM C316 for low head pipe or ASTM C507 for Elliptical
Pipe and be at least five (3) days (seventy-two [72] hours) old.

2. Acceptance of the pipe at point of delivery shall not relieve CONTRACTOR of

full responsibility for any defects in materials due to workmanship.

C. Pipe Handling:

1. Pipe and accessories furnished by CONTRACTOR shall be delivered to,

unloaded, and distributed at the site by CONTRACTOR. Each pipe shall be
unloaded adjacent to or near the intended laying location.

2. Pipe fittings, specials, valves, and appurtenances shall be unloaded and stored in
a manner that precludes shock or damage. Such materials shall not be dropped.

3. Pipe shall be handled in a manner intended to prevent damage to the pipe ends
or to any coating or lining. Pipe shall not be skidded or rolled against adjacent
pipe. Damaged coatings or lining shall be repaired by CONTRACTOR, at
CONTRACTOR’s expense in accordance with the recommendations of the
manufacturer and in a manner satisfactory to ENGINEER. Physical damage to
the pipe or accessory shall be repaired by CONTRACTOR at CONTRACTOR’s
expense, and in a manner satisfactory to ENGINEER.

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D. Gasket Storage: All gaskets shall be stored in a cool place, preferably at a

temperature of less than seventy degrees Fahrenheit (70°F.), and in no case shall
the gaskets be stored in the open, or exposed to the direct rays of the sun.

PART 2 PRODUCTS

2.01 MATERIALS

A. General: Precast concrete pipe, which does not conform to ASTM C76 for non-
pressurized pipe, ASTM C361 for low head pipe or ASTM C507 for Elliptical
Pipe or to any other requirement specified herein, shall not be approved for storm
sewer, culvert, or sanitary sewer installations.

B. Allowable ASTM Specifications: All material, manufacturing operations, testing,

inspection, and making of concrete pipe shall conform to the requirements of
ASTM C76 for non-pressurized pipe, ASTM C361 for low-head pipes or ASTM
C507 Elliptical Pipe, latest revision thereof, listed in Article References.

C. Marking:

1. The following shall be clearly marked on both the interior and exterior surface
of the pipe:

a. Appropriate ASTM Specification: ASTM 76, ASTM C361 or ASTM

C507

b. Class and size.

c. Date of manufacture.

d. Name or trademark of manufacturer.

D. Diameter of Pipe: The diameter indicated on the DRAWINGS shall mean the
inside diameter of the pipe.

E. Wall Thickness and Class of Pipe: The wall thickness and reinforcing steel, if any,
shall comply with ASTM C76 for non-pressurized pipe, ASTM C361 for low
head pipe or ASTM C507 for Elliptical Pipe and the class of pipe designated on
the DRAWINGS. No elliptical reinforcing shall be allowed in any circular pipe.
All jacking pipe shall be specifically designed by the pipe manufacturer to
withstand all forces that the pipe may be subjected to during the jacking
operations.

F. Fittings and Specials: Fittings and specials shall be made up of pipe segments
having the same structural qualities as the adjoining pipe and shall have the
interior treated the same as the pipe.

G. Lifting Holes: Lifting holes will be allowed for storm sewer pipe provided,
however, only two lifting holes per pipe length will be allowed.

H. Cement: Unless otherwise required by ENGINEER, or specified otherwise on the

DRAWINGS, Type II Modified Portland Cement complying with the

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requirements of ASTM C150 will normally be acceptable in the manufacture of

concrete pipe.

I. Joints:

1. The joint design for concrete pipe shall be bell and spigot or tongue and groove.
Where rubber gaskets are required or specified, the bell or tongue shall be of
confined gasket or single offset spigot configuration to properly contain and seat
the rubber gasket. The joint assemblies shall be accurately formed so that when
each pipe section is forced together in the trench the assembled pipe shall form a
continuous watertight conduit with smooth and uniform interior surface, and
shall provide for slight movement of any piece of the pipeline due to expansion,
contraction, settlement or lateral displacement. If a gasketed joint is used, the
gasket shall be the sole element of the joint providing water tightness. The ends
of the pipe shall be in planes at right angles to the longitudinal centerline of the
pipe, except where bevel-end pipe is required. The ends shall be furnished to
regular smooth surfaces.

2. The jointing material used for concrete pipe storm sewer installations thirty six-
inch (36") diameter and greater shall be a rubber gasketed joint. For storm
sewers less than thirty six-inch (36") diameter the jointing material may be
either a rubber gasket or a flexible plastic sealing compound, unless otherwise
specified on the DRAWINGS. Only rubber gasketed joints will be acceptable
for concrete pipe sanitary sewer installations. All joints and jointing material
shall conform to the following minimum requirements.

a. Rubber Gasketed Joints:

1) Rubber gasket joints for tongue and groove or bell and spigot pipe
using a confined gasket joint shall consist of an O-ring rubber gasket
or other approved gasket configuration and shall conform to the
requirements of ASTM 361, ASTM C443, ASTM C1619, or ASTM
C1628 for the pipe designated. Unless otherwise approved by
ENGINEER, the standard joint configuration shall be as noted in
Subsection 3.04.F.
2) Rubber gasket joints for tongue and groove or bell and spigot pipe
using a single offset joint shall consist of a non-circular rubber gasket
or other approved gasket configuration and shall conform to the
requirements of ASTM C76 or ASTM 361 for the pipe designated.
Unless otherwise approved by ENGINEER, the standard joint
configuration shall be as noted in Subsection 3.04.F.
3) Gaskets may be natural rubber, isoprene or neoprene conforming to
ASTM C1619.

b. Flexible Plastic Joint Sealing Compound: Preformed plastic gaskets

conforming to the minimum and application requirements set forth in
PART 3 may be used as a joint sealant for storm sewer installations
in lieu of rubber gaskets.

1) The flexible plastic gasket shall be in conformance with ASTM C990.

2) The plastic sealing compound shall be packaged in extruded
preformed rope-like shape of proper size to completely fill the joint
when fully compressed. The material shall be protected in a suitable,

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removable, two-piece wrapper so that no wrapper may be removed as

the compound is applied to the joint surface without disturbing the
other wrapper, which remains attached to the compound for protection.
The sealing compound shall be impermeable to water, have immediate
bonding strength to the primed concrete surface and shall maintain
permanent plasticity, and resistance to water, acids, and alkalis.

c. Mortared Joints: Mortared joints shall only be used in special

circumstances and only where specifically authorized by
ENGINEER. It is the intent of these SPECIFICATIONS to limit the
use of mortared joints to the minimum extent possible except where
unusual field conditions require deviation from the jointing material
specified.

J. Protective Coatings: Normally, no additional exterior or interior protective

coatings shall be required for concrete pipe. However, whenever adverse
corrosive conditions warrant additional interior protection, those pipe segments
will be noted on the DRAWINGS.

K. Concrete Cutoff Collars: Concrete shall meet the requirements of

Section 03 31 00, Structural Concrete.

PART 3 EXECUTION

3.01 GENERAL

A. The pipe and pipe coatings shall be inspected by ENGINEER for damage or
defects before being placed in the trench. Damaged or defective pipe shall not be
installed.

B. All pipes that do not meet the requirements of PART 2 of this section will be
rejected and replaced at CONTRACTOR’s expense.

C. CONTRACTOR shall install storm sewer pipe of the type, diameter, load class,
wall thickness and protective coating that is shown on the DRAWINGS.

D. Proper equipment, implements, tools and facilities shall be provided and used by
CONTRACTOR for safe and convenient installation of the type of pipe being
installed.

3.02 SURFACE PREPARATION

A. Within Easement, Cultivated, Landscaped, or Agricultural Area:

1. All vegetation, such as brush, sod, heavy growth of grass or weeds, decayed
vegetable matter, rubbish and other unsuitable material within the area of
excavation and trench side storage shall be stripped and disposed of in
accordance with the requirements of Section 31 11 00, Clearing and Grubbing.

2. Topsoil shall be removed to a depth of eight (8) inches or the full depth of the
topsoil, whichever is less. Topsoil shall be removed from the area to be
excavated and stockpiled, or, CONTRACTOR may elect to import topsoil to
replace that lost during excavation.

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B. Within Unpaved Roadway Areas: CONTRACTOR shall strip the cover material
from graveled roadways or other developed, but unpaved traffic surfaces to the
full depth of the existing surfacing. The surfacing shall be stockpiled to the extent
that it is acceptable and useable for restoration purposes.

C. Within Paved Areas:

1. The removal of pavement, sidewalks, driveways, or curb and gutter shall be

performed in a neat and workmanlike manner. Concrete pavement, asphalt,
sidewalks, driveways, or curb and gutter shall be cut with a power saw to a
depth of two (2) inches prior to breaking. The concrete shall be cut vertically in
straight lines and avoiding acute angles.

2. Bituminous pavement, sidewalks, driveways, or curb and gutter shall be cut with
a power saw, pavement breaker, or other approved method of scoring the mat
prior to breaking or excavation. The bituminous mat shall be cut vertically, in
straight lines and avoiding acute angles.

3. Any overbreak, separation, or other damage to the existing bituminous or

concrete outside the designated cut lines shall be replaced at CONTRACTOR’s
expense.

4. Excavated paving materials shall be removed from the job site and shall not be
used as fill or backfill.

3.03 DEWATERING

A. All pipe trenches and excavation for structures and appurtenances shall be kept
free of water during pipe laying and other related work. The method of dewatering
shall provide for a dry foundation at the final grades of excavation in accordance
with Section 31 23 19, Dewatering. Water shall be disposed of in a manner that
does not inconvenience the public or result in a menace to public health. Pipe
trenches shall contain enough backfill to prevent pipe flotation before dewatering
is discontinued. Dewatering shall continue until such time as it is safe to allow the
water to rise in the excavation.

3.04 INSTALLATION

A. General: Precautions shall be taken to prevent foreign material from entering the
pipe before or while it is being placed in the line. During laying operations, no
debris, tools, clothing or other materials shall be placed in the pipe. The open ends
of pipe shall be closed with a watertight plug, or with other devices approved by
ENGINEER, at times when pipe laying is not in progress.

B. Pipe:

1. Storm sewer pipe shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s

recommendations for installing the type of pipe used, unless otherwise shown on
the DRAWINGS.

2. Pipe lines shall be laid to the grades and alignment shown on the DRAWINGS
or staked by ENGINEER. Variation from the prescribed grade and alignment
shall not exceed one-tenth (0.10) foot, and the rate of departure from, or return

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to, the established grade or alignment shall be not more than one (1) inch in ten
(10) feet, unless approved by ENGINEER. No deviation from grade shall cause
a depression in the sewer invert that could retain fluids or solids.

3. Pipe with lifting holes shall be installed such that the lifting holes are in the
crown of the pipe. All lifting holes shall be properly grouted with cement mortar
immediately after the pipe is installed and prior to commencement of
backfilling.

4. Pipe with lifting anchors shall be installed such that the lifting anchors are in the
crown of the pipe. All lifting anchor recesses in the wall of the pipe at the lifting
anchors need not be grouted.

C. Pipe Fittings:

1. Pipe fittings shall be laid so as to form a close concentric joint with the
adjoining pipe to avoid sudden offsets of the flow line. Pipe sections shall be
joined together in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations.

2. Pipe fittings and appurtenances shall be carefully lowered into the trench with
suitable tools or equipment to prevent damage to the pipe and protective
coatings and linings; pipe and accessory materials shall not be dropped or
dumped into the trench.

D. Gaskets: No gaskets that show signs of deterioration, such as surface cracking or

checking, shall be installed in a pipe joint. The neoprene gaskets used, when the
air temperature is ten degrees Fahrenheit (10°F) or lower shall be warmed to
temperature of sixty degrees Fahrenheit (60°F) for a period of thirty (30) minutes
before being placed on the pipe.

E. Flexible Plastic Joint Sealing Compound:

1. All surfaces of the tongue and groove or bell and spigot shall be primed with an
approved priming compound prior to the installation of the sealing compound.
The installation of the priming compound and the sealing compound shall be
accomplished in strict accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions, as to the
method of application, quantity of material, the grade of the materials, and the
application temperatures.

2. Gaskets installed on both male and female joint surfaces (double gasketing)
shall be required for all deflected pipe joints, as well as arch or elliptical pipe
joints.

F. Acceptable Joint for Concrete Storm and Sanitary Sewer Installations: Except where
a specified type of pipe joint or jointing material is noted on the DRAWINGS, joints
and jointing material for concrete sewer installations shall be in conformance with
the following table.

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Allowable Type of Joints

Bell and Spigot
with
USBR M-1 Bell and
Tongue and Bell and Spigot Type R-4 Joint Spigot
Groove with with
Flexible (Single Offset) (Confined USBR M-1
Plastic Sealing (ASTM 1628 or Gasket) Type R-2
Application Compound ASTM C443) (ASTM C361) Joint
1. Non-Pressurized Storm
Sewers
a. Open Cut 36" & larger X X
b. Open Cut 15" to 33" X X X X
c. Jack or Bored/ Cased X X
2. Pressurized Storm
Sewers
a. Open Cut X X
b. Jack or Bored/ Cased X X
3. Pressurized and Non-
Pressurized Sanitary
Sewers
a. Open Cut X X
b. Jack or Bored/ Cased X X
NOTES:
1) Where more than one type of joint is acceptable, CONTRACTOR may use either type subject to
the physical characteristics and manufacturing method of the pipe and approval of ENGINEER.
2) All elliptical pipe or arch pipe shall be double gasketed, or per ASTM C443
3) In addition to the gasket requirements, if the average joint gap in 36-inch diameter pipe or larger
pipe exceeds 3/4-inch, the void shall be filled and troweled smooth with an approved non-metallic,
non-shrink grout conforming to ASTM C827 or a flexible plastic sealant conforming to ASTM C990
so to provide a smooth interior surface at the joint.
4) For pipe sizes 18-, 24-, 30-, and 36-inch in diameter, the reinforcement in the bell and spigot shall
conform to ASTM C76 for the class of pipe specified or to ASTM C361 for a minimum pressure
head of 25 feet.

G. Obstructions not shown on the DRAWINGS may be encountered during the progress
of the WORK. Should such an obstruction require an alteration to the pipe
alignment or grade, ENGINEER will have authority to order a deviation from the
DRAWINGS, or ENGINEER may arrange for the removal, relocation, or
reconstruction of any structure, which obstructs the pipeline.

H. Joints of precast concrete boxes and precast concrete pipe shall be grouted in
accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations or as designated on the
DRAWINGS.

3.05 BEDDING AND BACKFILLING

A. Select bedding and backfill material may be required and shall be so shown on the
DRAWINGS. Select bedding materials shall conform to the designated gradation
requirements in Section 31 23 33, Trenching and Backfilling.

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Revised 03/2012

B. Bedding material shall be placed under and around all pipes as shown on the
DRAWINGS. Bedding shall be placed in a manner that will minimize separation
or change in its uniform gradation. Bedding shall be distributed in six-inch (6")
maximum layers over the full width of the trench and simultaneously on both
sides of the pipe. Special care shall be taken to ensure full compaction under the
haunches and joints of the pipe.

C. Backfill compaction shall not be attained by inundation or jetting, unless approved

in writing by ENGINEER. Backfill material shall be uniformly compacted the full
depth of the trench.

3.06 CONCRETE CUTOFF COLLARS

A. Concrete cutoff collars shall be placed around pipes as shown on the DRAWINGS or
as directed by the ENGINEER.

3.07 SURFACE RESTORATION

A. All streets, alleys, driveways, sidewalks, curbs or other surfaces broken, cut or
damaged by CONTRACTOR shall be replaced in kind or as shown on the
DRAWINGS.

3.08 CLEAN UP

A. All rubbish, unused materials, and other non-native materials shall be removed
from the job site. All excess excavation shall be disposed of as specified, and the
right-of-way shall be left in a state of order and cleanliness.

END OF SECTION

33 41 00 - 10
 Revised 03/2012

SECTION 33 41 01

HIGH-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE PIPE (HDPE)

PART 1 GENERAL

1.01 SECTION INCLUDES

A. This section includes construction of high-density polyethylene pipe for storm

drainage culverts including appurtenances normally installed as a part of these
systems. Construction may include surface preparation, trench excavation, shoring,
dewatering, lay, align, and join pipe, installation of appurtenances, bedding and
backfilling, surface restoration, and other related work.

1.02 RELATED SECTIONS

A. The following is a list of SPECIFICATIONS, which may be related to this section:

1. Section 31 11 00, Clearing and Grubbing.

2. Section 31 14 13, Topsoil Stripping and Stockpiling.

3. Section 31 23 00, Excavation and Fill.

4. Section 31 23 19, Dewatering.

5. Section 31 23 33, Trenching and Backfilling.

1.03 REFERENCES

A. The following is a list of standards, which may be referenced in this section.

1. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials

(AASHTO):

a. M252, Standard Specification for Corrugated Polyethylene Drainage

Tubing.

b. M294, Standard Specification for Corrugated Polyethylene Pipe.

c. Section 18, Soil Thermoplastic Pipe Interaction Systems.

2. ASTM International (ASTM):

a. D638, Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastic.

b. D1056, Specification for Flexible Cellular Materials - Sponge and

Expanded Rubber.

c. D2321, Standard Practice for Underground Installation of Thermoplastic

Pipe for Sewers and Other Gravity-Flow Applications.

33 41 01 - 1
Revised 03/2012

d. D3212, Standard Specification for Joints for Drain and Sewer Plastic Pipes
Using Flexible Elastomeric Seals.

e. D3350, Standard Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Pipe and Fittings

Material.

f. D4976, Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Molding and Extrusion

Materials.

g. F477, Standard Specification for Elastomeric Seals (Gaskets) for Joining

Plastic Pipe.

h. F667, Standard Specification for Large Diameter Corrugated Polyethylene

Tubing and Fittings.

i. F894, Standard Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Large Diameter Profile

Wall Sewer and Drain Pipe

j. F2306, Standard Specification for 12 to 60 in. Annular Corrugated Profile-

Wall Polyethylene Pipe and Fittings for Gravity-Flow Storm Sewer and
Subsurface Drainage Applications.

k. F2562, Specifications for Steel Reinforced Thermoplastic Ribbed Pipe and

Fittings for Non-Pressure Drainage and Sewerage.

l. F2620, Standard Practice for Heat Fusion Joining of Polyethylene Pipe and
fittings.

3. Plastic Pipe Institute (PPI):

a. Handbook of Polyethylene Pipe.

b. TR-33, Generic Butt Fusion Joining Procedure for Field Joining of

Polyethylene Pipe.

1.04 SUBMITTALS

A. Details of fittings and specials shall be furnished for approval by ENGINEER.

B. Unless otherwise specified, CONTRACTOR shall submit to ENGINEER for

approval SHOP DRAWINGS showing the exact dimension of the joints including the
permissible tolerances for each size of pipe being furnished and the size, type and
locations of gasket materials. Approval of the joint detail DRAWINGS shall not
relieve CONTRACTOR of any responsibilities to meet all of the requirements of
these SPECIFICATIONS, or of the responsibility for correctness of
CONTRACTOR’s details.

C. CONTRACTOR shall submit certified laboratory test certificates for all items
required in this section.

D. CONTRACTOR shall cooperate with ENGINEER in obtaining and providing

samples of all specified materials.

33 41 01 - 2
 Revised 03/2012

1.05 QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. Manufacturer:

1. Experienced in the design, manufacture, and commercial supplying of the

specific material for a minimum period of five (5) years.

2. Experienced in the design, manufacture, and commercial supplying of the

specific size of pipe for a period of one (1) year.

3. Certify to above minimum experience requirements.

B. All HDPE pipe and fittings shall be from a single manufacturer. All HDPE pipe to be
installed may be inspected at the factory for compliance with these
SPECIFICATIONS by an independent testing laboratory provided by the OWNER.
The CONTRACTOR shall require the manufacturer’s cooperation in these
inspections. The cost of these plant inspections of all pipe approved, plus the cost of
inspection of a reasonable amount of disapproved pipe, will be borne by the
OWNER.

C. Inspection of the pipe shall also be made by the ENGINEER or other representatives
of the OWNER after delivery. The pipe shall be subject to rejection at any time on
account of failure to meet any of the SPECIFICATION requirements, even though
pipes may have been accepted as satisfactory at the place of manufacture. Pipe
rejected after delivery shall be marked for identification and shall immediately be
removed from the job.

1.06 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING

A. Responsibility for Material:

1. Shipping: Material shall be shipped so to not cut, kink, or otherwise damage

pipe during transport.

2. CONTRACTOR shall be responsible for all materials intended for the WORK
that are delivered to the construction site and accepted by CONTRACTOR.
Payment shall not be made for materials found to be defective or damaged in
handling after delivery and acceptance. Defective or damaged materials shall be
removed and replaced with acceptable materials at CONTRACTOR’s expense.

3. CONTRACTOR shall be responsible for the safe and proper storage of such
materials.

a. Limit stacking of pipe to a height that will not cause excessive deformation
of bottom layers of pipes under anticipated temperature conditions.

b. Where necessary, because of ground conditions, store pipe on wooden

sleepers, spaced suitably and of such widths as not to allow deformation of
pipe at point of contact with sleeper or between supports.

c. Keep pipe shaded from direct sunlight prior to installation in the trench.

33 41 01 - 3
Revised 03/2012

B. Pipe Acceptance:

1. In addition to any deficiencies not covered by the applicable ASTM

Specifications, pipe, which has any of the following visual defects, will not be
accepted.

a. Cracks, bubbles, pinholes, inclusions or occlusions, which, because of their

nature, degree, or extent, detrimentally affect the strength and serviceability
of the pipe.

C. Pipe Handling:

1. Pipe and accessories furnished by CONTRACTOR shall be delivered to,

unloaded, and distributed at the site by CONTRACTOR. Each pipe shall be
unloaded adjacent to or near the intended laying location.

2. Pipe fittings, specials, valves, and appurtenances shall be unloaded and stored in
a manner that precludes shock or damage. Such materials shall not be dropped.

3. Pipe shall be handled to prevent damage to the pipe ends or to any coating or
lining. Pipe shall not be skidded or rolled against adjacent pipe. Damaged
coatings or lining shall be repaired or replaced by CONTRACTOR, at
CONTRACTOR’s expense in accordance with the recommendations of the
manufacturer and in a manner satisfactory to Engineer. Physical damage to the
pipe or accessory shall be repaired or replaced by CONTRACTOR at
CONTRACTOR’s expense, and in a manner satisfactory to ENGINEER.

D. Gasket Storage: All gaskets shall be stored in a cool place, preferably at a

temperature of less than seventy degrees Fahrenheit (70°F.), and in no case shall the
gaskets be stored in the open, or exposed to the direct rays of the sun.

PART 2 PRODUCTS

2.01 MATERIALS

A. General: HDPE pipe, which does not conform to ASTM D3350, ASTM D 4976,
ASTM F667, ASTM F894, ASTM F2306, or ASTM F2562 or to any other
requirement specified herein, shall not be approved for storm sewer, culvert, or
sanitary sewer installations.

B. Allowable Pipe diameters for this specification shall be between eighteen (18) inches
to thirty-six (36) inches unless approved by ENGINEER and OWNER.

C. Allowable ASTM Specifications: All material, manufacturing operations, testing,

inspection, and making of HDPE pipe shall conform to the requirements of the
appropriate allowable ASTM Standard Specifications, latest revision thereof, listed in
Article References.

D. Marking:

1. The following shall be clearly marked on both the interior and exterior surface
of the pipe:

33 41 01 - 4
 Revised 03/2012

a. Class and size.

b. Date of manufacture.

c. Name or trademark of manufacturer.

d. Deflection angle for bends.

E. Diameter of Pipe: The diameter indicated on the DRAWINGS shall mean the inside
diameter of the pipe.

F. Wall Thickness and Class of Pipe:

1. The wall thickness shall comply with the appropriate ASTM Specification and
the class of pipe designated on the DRAWINGS.

2. HDPE pipe and fittings shall have a smooth interior and corrugated exterior.
18-inch through 36-inch pipe shall meet the requirements of AASHTO M294
Type S. The pipe shall have a full circular cross-section with annular
corrugations. Pipe shall be produced to constant internal diameters.

3. Pipe and fittings shall be made of high-density, high-molecular weight

polyethylene material meeting the requirements of cell classification 324420C
or higher in accordance with ASTM D3350. Clean rework material generated by
the manufacturer’s own production may be used so long as the pipe or fittings
produced meet all the requirements of this SPECIFICATION.

G. Fittings and Specials:

1. Elbows and fittings shall be mitered from pipe sections welded together on the
interior and exterior at all junctions.

2. The pipe sections forming the miters shall be cut to fit with no gap.

3. Tolerances on the angle of all elbows shall be plus or minus 1 degree.

4. The standard turning radius of elbows shall be 1.5 times the inside diameter.
Special turning radii shall be used for special applications.

5. Elbows shall conform to the following requirements:

Angle of Elbow
(Degrees) Number of Miters
0 to 45 1
45 to 90 2

6. Elbows shall be designed to prevent joint rupture resulting from dynamic forces
or application of a test pressure of 25 psi.

33 41 01 - 5
Revised 03/2012

H. Joints:

1. Watertight joints shall be accomplished by rubber gasket, in accordance with

ASTM D3212.

2. Gaskets shall be closed-cell synthetic, expanded rubber meeting the

requirements of ASTM D1056, Grade 2A2 or made of polyisoprene meeting
ASTM F477. Gaskets shall be installed on the connection by the pipe
manufacturer.

3. Lubricant shall have no detrimental effect on the gasket of on the pipe.

4. Integral bell and spigot gasketed joints shall be designed so that when
assembled, the elastomeric gasket, contained in a machined groove on the pipe
spigot, is compressed radially in the pipe bell to form a positive seal. The joint
shall be designed to avoid displacement of the gasket when installed in
accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations.

PART 3 EXECUTION

3.01 GENERAL

A. The pipe and pipe coatings shall be inspected by ENGINEER for damage or defects
before being placed in the trench. Damaged or defective pipe shall not be installed.

B. All pipes, which do not meet the requirements of PART 2 of this section, will be
rejected and replaced at CONTRACTOR’s expense.

C. CONTRACTOR shall install storm sewer pipe of the type, diameter, load class, wall
thickness, and protective coating that is shown on the DRAWINGS.

D. Proper equipment, implements, tools, and facilities shall be provided and used by
CONTRACTOR for safe and convenient installation of the type of pipe being
installed.

3.02 SURFACE PREPARATION

A. Within Easement, Cultivated, Landscaped, or Agricultural Area:

1. All vegetation, such as brush, sod, heavy growth of grass or weeds, decayed
vegetable matter, rubbish and other unsuitable material within the area of
excavation and trench side storage shall be stripped and disposed of in
accordance with the requirements of Section 31 11 00, Clearing and Grubbing.

2. Topsoil shall be removed to a depth of eight (8) inches or the full depth of the
topsoil, whichever is less. Topsoil shall be removed from the area to be
excavated and stockpiled, or, CONTRACTOR may elect to import topsoil to
replace that lost during excavation.

B. Within Unpaved Roadway Areas: CONTRACTOR shall strip the cover material
from graveled roadways or other developed, but unpaved traffic surfaces to the full
depth of the existing surfacing. The surfacing shall be stockpiled to the extent that it
is acceptable and useable for restoration purposes.

33 41 01 - 6
 Revised 03/2012

C. Within Paved Areas:

1. The removal of pavement, sidewalks, driveways, or curb and gutter shall be

performed in a neat and workmanlike manner. Concrete pavement, asphalt,
sidewalks, driveways, or curb and gutter shall be cut with a power saw to a depth
of two (2) inches prior to breaking. The concrete shall be cut vertically in straight
lines and avoiding acute angles.

2. Bituminous pavement, sidewalks, driveways, or curb and gutter shall be cut with a
power saw, pavement breaker, or other approved method of scoring the mat prior
to breaking or excavation. The bituminous mat shall be cut vertically, in straight
lines and avoiding acute angles.

3. Any overbreak, separation, or other damage to the existing bituminous or concrete

outside the designated cut lines shall be replaced at CONTRACTOR’s expense.

4. Excavated paving materials shall be removed from the job site and shall not be
used as fill or backfill.

3.03 DEWATERING

A. All pipe trenches and excavation for structures and appurtenances shall be kept free
of water during pipe laying and other related work. The method of dewatering shall
provide for a dry foundation at the final grades of excavation in accordance with
Section 31 23 19, Dewatering. Water shall be disposed of in a manner that does not
inconvenience the public or result in a menace to public health. Pipe trenches shall
contain enough backfill to prevent pipe flotation before dewatering is discontinued.
Dewatering shall continue until such time as it is safe to allow the water to rise in the
excavation.

3.04 INSTALLATION

A. General: Precautions shall be taken to prevent foreign material from entering the pipe
before or while it is being placed in the line. During laying operations, no debris,
tools, clothing or other materials shall be placed in the pipe. The open ends of pipe
shall be closed with a watertight plug, or with other devices approved by
ENGINEER, at times when pipe laying is not in progress.

B. Pipe:

1. Pipe shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations

for installing the type of pipe used, unless otherwise shown on the DRAWINGS.

2. Pipelines shall be laid to the grades and alignment shown on the DRAWINGS or
staked by ENGINEER. Variation from the prescribed grade and alignment shall
not exceed one-tenth (0.10) foot, and the rate of departure from, or return to, the
established grade or alignment shall be not more than one (1) inch in ten (10)
feet, unless approved by ENGINEER. No deviation from grade shall cause a
depression in the sewer invert that could retain fluids or solids. Any pipe which
is not in true alignment or which shows undue settlement after laying shall be
taken up and re-laid at CONTRACTOR’S expense.

33 41 01 - 7
Revised 03/2012

3. Lift or roll pipe to protect coating. Do not drag over gravel or rock. Avoid
striking rocks or hard objects when lowering into trench.

a. Pipe on which coatings have been damaged may be rejected at the site of
the Work regardless of previous approvals.

C. Pipe Fittings:

1. Pipe fittings shall be laid so as to form a close concentric joint with the
adjoining pipe to avoid sudden offsets of the flowline. Pipe sections shall be
joined together in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations.

2. Pipe fittings and appurtenances shall be carefully lowered into the trench with
suitable tools or equipment to prevent damage to the pipe and protective
coatings and linings; pipe and accessory materials shall not be dropped or
dumped into the trench.

D. Gaskets: No gaskets that show signs of deterioration, such as surface cracking or

checking, shall be installed in a pipe joint. The neoprene gaskets used, when the air
temperature is ten degrees Fahrenheit (10°F) or lower shall be warmed to temperature
of sixty degrees Fahrenheit (60°F) for a period of thirty (30) minutes before being
placed on the pipe.

E. Obstructions not shown on the DRAWINGS may be encountered during the progress
of the WORK. Should such an obstruction require an alteration to the pipe alignment
or grade, ENGINEER will have authority to order a deviation from the DRAWINGS,
or ENGINEER may arrange for the removal, relocation, or reconstruction of any
structure which obstructs the pipeline.

3.05 BEDDING AND BACKFILL FILLING

A. Select bedding and backfill material may be required and shall be so shown on the
DRAWINGS. Select bedding materials shall conform to the designated gradation
requirements in Section 31 23 33, Trenching and Backfilling.

B. Bedding material shall be placed under and around all pipes as shown on the
DRAWINGS. Bedding shall be placed in a manner that will minimize separation or
change in its uniform gradation. Bedding shall be distributed in six-inch (6")
maximum layers over the full width of the trench and simultaneously on both sides of
the pipe. Special care shall be taken to ensure full compaction under the haunches
and joints of the pipe.

C. Backfill compaction shall not be attained by inundation or jetting, unless approved in

writing by ENGINEER. Backfill material shall be uniformly compacted the full
depth of the trench.

3.06 CONCRETE CUTOFF COLLARS

A. Concrete shall meet the requirements of Section 03 31 00, Structural Concrete.

3.07 FIELD TESTING

A. Acceptance Tests for Gravity and Low-Pressure Pipelines:

33 41 01 - 8
 Revised 03/2012

1. Alignment:

a. Sewer shall be inspected by flashing a light between manholes or by

physical passage where space permits.

b. Contractor shall clean pipe of joint sealant, other dirt, and debris prior to
inspection.

c. Determine from Illumination or Physical Inspection:

1) Presence of any misaligned, displaced, or broken pipe.

2) Presence of visible infiltration or other defects.

B. Deflection Testing:

1. Maximum installed deflections of flexible pipe shall be five percent (5%) of

mean internal diameter.

2. At the ENGINEER’s discretion, CONTRACTOR shall test flexible pipe after

backfill has been in place 30 days. Deflection is defined per ASTM D2321.

a. CONTRACTOR shall provide rigid ball or mandrel deflection testing

equipment and labor.

b. Obtain approval of equipment and acceptance of method proposed for use in

testing deflection of the pipe. Test shall be performed without mechanical
pulling devices.

c. Pipe exceeding deflection limits, as defined in ASTM D2321, shall be

replaced or re-compacted at CONTRACTOR’s expense.

3.08 SURFACE RESTORATION

A. All streets, alleys, driveways, sidewalks, curbs, or other surfaces broken, cut or
damaged by CONTRACTOR shall be replaced in kind or as shown on the
DRAWINGS.

3.09 CLEAN UP

A. All rubbish, unused materials, and other non-native materials shall be removed from
the job site. All excess excavation shall be disposed of as specified, and the right-of-
way shall be left in a state of order and cleanliness.

END OF SECTION

33 41 01 - 9
Revised 03/2012

THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

33 41 01 - 10
 Revised 03/2012

SECTION 33 41 02
SPIRAL RIBBED ALUMINIZED STEEL PIPE (ASP)
PART 1 GENERAL

1.01 SECTION INCLUDES

A. This section includes construction of spiral-ribbed, aluminized steel pipe (ASP), and
flared end sections intended for use in storm drainage systems and culverts, including
appurtenances normally installed as part of these systems. Construction may include
surface preparation, trench excavation, shoring, dewatering, lay, align, and join pipe,
installation of appurtenances, bedding, and backfilling, surface restoration, and other
related work.

1.02 RELATED SECTIONS

1. Section 31 11 00, Clearing and Grubbing.

2. Section 31 14 13, Topsoil Stripping and Stockpiling.

3. Section 31 23 00, Excavation and Fill.

4. Section 31 23 19, Dewatering.

5. Section 31 23 33, Trenching and Backfilling.

1.03 REFERENCES

A. The following is a list of standards, which may be referenced in this section.

1. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials

(AASHTO):

a. M36, Corrugated Steel Pipe, Metallic-Coated, for Sewers and Drains.

b. M274, Steel Sheet, Aluminum Coated (Type 2) for Corrugated Steel Pipe.

2. ASTM International (ASTM):

a. A760, Corrugated Steel Pipe, Metallic-Coated for Sewers and Drains.

b. A796, Structural Design of Corrugated Steel Pipe, Pipe-Arches, Arches for

Storm and Sanitary Sewers, and Other Buried Applications.

c. A798, Installing Factory-Made Corrugated Steel Pipe for Sewers and Other
Applications.

d. A929, Steel Sheet, Metallic-Coated by the Hot-Dip Process for Corrugated

Steel Pipe.

3. Standard Specification for Highway Bridges:

a. Section 12 - Soil-Corrugated Metal Structure Interaction Systems.

33 41 02 - 1
Revised 03/2012

b. Section 26 - Metal Culverts.

1.04 SUBMITTALS

A. Details of fittings and specials shall be furnished for approval by ENGINEER.

B. Unless otherwise specified, CONTRACTOR shall submit to ENGINEER for

approval SHOP DRAWINGS showing the exact dimension of the joints including the
permissible tolerances for each size of pipe being furnished and the size, type, and
locations of gasket materials and a schedule of pipe lengths (including length of
individual pipes by diameter) for the entire project. Approval of the joint detail
DRAWINGS shall not relieve CONTRACTOR of any responsibilities to meet all of
the requirements of these SPECIFICATIONS, or of the responsibility for correctness
of CONTRACTOR’s details.

C. CONTRACTOR shall submit to ENGINEER, the name of the pipe and fitting
suppliers and a list of materials to be furnished including complete manufacturers
specifications and data covering the materials to be furnished and detailed drawings
covering the installation.

D. CONTRACTOR shall submit certified test reports that the pipe was manufactured
and tested in accordance with the ASTM and AASHTO Standards specified herein.

E. CONTRACTOR shall cooperate with ENGINEER in obtaining and providing

samples of all specified materials.

1.05 QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. Manufacturer:

1. Experienced in the design, manufacture, and commercial supplying of the

specific material for a minimum period of five (5) years.

2. Experienced in the design, manufacture, and commercial supplying of the

specific size of pipe for a period of one (1) year.

3. Certify to above minimum experience requirements.

B. All ASP pipe and fittings shall be from a single manufacturer. All ASP pipe to be
installed may be inspected at the factory for compliance with these
SPECIFICATIONS by an independent testing laboratory provided by the OWNER.
The CONTRACTOR shall require the manufacturer’s cooperation in these
inspections. The cost of these plant inspections of all pipe approved, plus the cost of
inspection of a reasonable amount of disapproved pipe, will be borne by the
OWNER.

C. Inspection of the pipe shall also be made by the ENGINEER or other representatives
of the OWNER after delivery. The pipe shall be subject to rejection at any time on
account of failure to meet any of the SPECIFICATION requirements, even though
pipes may have been accepted as satisfactory at the place of manufacture. Pipe
rejected after delivery shall be marked for identification and shall immediately be
removed from the job.

33 41 02 - 2
 Revised 03/2012

1.06 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING

A. Responsibility for Material:

1. Shipping: Material shall be shipped so to not bend, dent, or otherwise damage

pipe during transport.

2. CONTRACTOR shall be responsible for all materials intended for the WORK
that are delivered to the construction site and accepted by CONTRACTOR.
Payment shall not be made for materials found to be defective or damaged in
handling after delivery and acceptance. Defective or damaged materials shall be
removed and replaced with acceptable materials at CONTRACTOR’s expense.

3. CONTRACTOR shall be responsible for the safe and proper storage of such
materials.

a. Limit stacking of pipe to a height that will not cause excessive deformation
of bottom layers of pipes.

b. Where necessary, because of ground conditions, store pipe on wooden

sleepers, spaced suitably and of such widths as not to allow deformation of
pipe at point of contact with sleeper or between supports.

B. Pipe Acceptance:

1. In addition to any deficiencies not covered by the applicable ASTM

Specifications, pipe which has any of the visual defects will not be accepted.

a. Dents, punctures, or damage to the coating which, because of the nature,

degree, or extent, detrimentally affect the strength and serviceability of the
pipe.

C. Pipe Handling:

1. Pipe and accessories furnished by CONTRACTOR shall be delivered to,

unloaded, and distributed at the site by CONTRACTOR. Each pipe shall be
unloaded adjacent to or near the intended laying location.

2. Pipe fittings, specials, valves, and appurtenances shall be unloaded and stored in
a manner that precludes shock or damage. Such materials shall not be dropped.

3. Pipe shall be handled so as to prevent damage to the pipe ends or to any coating
or lining. Pipe shall not be skidded or rolled against adjacent pipe. Damaged
coatings or lining shall be repaired by CONTRACTOR, at CONTRACTOR’s
expense in accordance with the recommendations of the manufacturer and in a
manner satisfactory to ENGINEER. Physical damage to the pipe or accessory
shall be repaired or replaced by CONTRACTOR at CONTRACTOR’s expense,
and in a manner satisfactory to ENGINEER.

D. Gasket Storage: All gaskets shall be stored in a cool place, preferably at a

temperature of less than seventy degrees Fahrenheit (70°F.), and in no case shall the
gaskets be stored in the open, or exposed to the direct rays of the sun.

33 41 02 - 3
Revised 03/2012

PART 2 PRODUCTS

2.01 MATERIAL

A. General: ASP pipe, which does not conform to the applicable ASTM Standard
Specifications, listed in Article References or to any other requirement specified
herein shall not be approved for storm sewer, culvert, or sanitary sewer installations.

B. Allowable ASTM Specifications: All material, manufacturing operations, testing,

inspection, and making of ASP pipe shall conform to the requirements of the
appropriate allowable ASTM Standard Specifications, latest revision thereof, listed in
Article References.

C. Marking:

1. The following shall be clearly marked on both the interior and exterior surface
of the pipe:

a. Pipe gauge and size.

b. Date of manufacture.

c. Name or trademark of manufacturer.

d. Deflection angle for bends.

D. Diameter of Pipe: The diameter indicated on the DRAWINGS shall mean the inside
diameter of the pipe.

E. Wall Thickness and Class of Pipe:

1. Spiral-ribbed aluminized steel pipe shall be manufactured conforming to

AASHTO M36.

2. Pipe shall be aluminized Type 2, steel.

3. Metal Sheet for Spiral-ribbed Aluminized Pipe: All metal sheet for pipe
fabricated under this SPECIFICATION shall be formed from aluminum-coated
sheet conforming to AASHTO M274.

4. Metal Sheet Thickness for Spiral-ribbed aluminized Pipe: Thickness (gauge)

specified by AASHTO M36, Section 8, Table 12.

5. Pipe Seam and Ends: Pipe shall be fabricated with helical corrugations having a
continuous lock seam extending from end to end of each length of pipe. Each
end of each length of pipe shall be re-rolled to an annular corrugation. The re-
rolling shall be a minimum of three corrugations.

6. Classification shall be as follows for this SPECIFICATION of spiral-ribbed

aluminized pipe:

a. Type IR: This pipe shall have a full circular cross section with a single
thickness of smooth sheet, fabricated with helical ribs projecting outward.

33 41 02 - 4
 Revised 03/2012

b. Type IIR: This pipe shall be a Type IR pipe that has been reformed into a
pipe-arch having an approximately flat bottom.

F. Joints:

1. Coupling Bands:

a. Coupling bands shall conform to AASHTO M36 as directed herein and

shall allow the use of O-ring gaskets.

b. All coupling bands shall be no less than ten and one-half (10-1/2) inches
wide with the minimum width conforming to the appropriate AASHTO
designation for the spiral-ribbed aluminized pipe.

c. Steel Sheeting for Coupling Bands: The sheet used in fabricating coupling
bands shall conform to the same SPECIFICATION listed herein. The sheet
thickness of the coupling bands shall conform to the appropriate AASHTO
designation for the corrugated steel pipe.

d. Hardware for Coupling Bands: Bolts and nuts shall conform to

AASHTO M36. Coupling bands shall have bar, bolt, and strap connector
assemblies per lap.

e. O-Ring Gaskets: Gaskets shall meet or exceed the requirements of

AASHTO M198 and be used in conjunction with coupling bands. The use
of TC-40 type mastic will be required at the lap joint with O-ring gaskets.
The requirement for the use of O-ring gaskets will be noted on the
DRAWINGS.

G. Fittings and Specials:

1. Fittings shall be for horizontal and vertical deflections, as specified in the

DRAWINGS.

2. Fittings may also be for any accessory such as inlets, manhole structures, and
manhole risers, as specified in the DRAWINGS.

3. Fittings shall be at a minimum, manufactured from the same material, thickness,

and coating as the pipeline to which they are joined.

H. Concrete Cutoff Collars:

1. Concrete shall meet the requirements of section 03 31 00, Structural Concrete

PART 3 EXECUTION

3.01 GENERAL

A. The pipe and pipe coatings shall be inspected by ENGINEER for damage or defects
before being placed in the trench. Damaged or defective pipe shall not be installed.

B. All pipe, which does not meet the requirements of PART 2 of this section, will be
rejected and replaced at CONTRACTOR’s expense.

33 41 02 - 5
Revised 03/2012

C. CONTRACTOR shall install storm sewer pipe of the type, diameter, load class, wall
thickness, and protective coating that is shown on the DRAWINGS.

D. Proper equipment, implements, tools, and facilities shall be provided and used by
CONTRACTOR for safe and convenient installation of the type of pipe being
installed.

3.02 SURFACE PREPARATION

A. Within Easement, Cultivated, Landscaped, or Agricultural Area:

1. All vegetation, such as brush, sod, heavy growth of grass or weeds, decayed
vegetable matter, rubbish, and other unsuitable material within the area of
excavation and trench side storage shall be stripped and disposed of in
accordance with the requirements of Section 31 11 00, Clearing and Grubbing.

2. Topsoil shall be removed to a depth of eight (8) inches or the full depth of the
topsoil, whichever is less. Topsoil shall be removed from the area to be
excavated and stockpiled, or, CONTRACTOR may elect to import topsoil to
replace that lost during excavation.

B. Within Unpaved Roadway Areas: CONTRACTOR shall strip the cover material
from graveled roadways or other developed, but unpaved traffic surfaces to the full
depth of the existing surfacing. The surfacing shall be stockpiled to the extent that it
is acceptable and useable for restoration purposes.

C. Within Paved Areas:

1. The removal of pavement, sidewalks, driveways, or curb and gutter shall be

performed in a neat and workmanlike manner. Concrete pavement, asphalt,
sidewalks, driveways, or curb and gutter shall be cut with a power saw to a
depth of two (2) inches prior to breaking. The concrete shall be cut vertically in
straight lines and avoiding acute angles.

2. Bituminous pavement, sidewalks, driveways, or curb and gutter shall be cut with
a power saw, pavement breaker, or other approved method of scoring the mat
prior to breaking or excavation. The bituminous mat shall be cut vertically, in
straight lines and avoiding acute angles.

3. Any overbreak, separation, or other damage to the existing bituminous or

concrete outside the designated cut lines shall be replaced at CONTRACTOR’s
expense.

4. Excavated paving materials shall be removed from the job site and shall not be
used as fill or backfill.

3.03 DEWATERING

A. All pipe trenches and excavation for structures and appurtenances shall be kept free
of water during pipe laying and other related work. The method of dewatering shall
provide for a dry foundation at the final grades of excavation in accordance with
Section 31 23 19, Dewatering. Water shall be disposed of in a manner that does not
inconvenience the public or result in a menace to public health. Pipe trenches shall

33 41 02 - 6
 Revised 03/2012

contain enough backfill to prevent pipe flotation before dewatering is discontinued.

Dewatering shall continue until such time as it is safe to allow the water to rise in the
excavation.

3.04 INSTALLATION

A. General: Precautions shall be taken to prevent foreign material from entering the pipe
before or while it is being placed in the line. During laying operations, no debris,
tools, clothing, or other materials shall be placed in the pipe. The open ends of pipe
shall be closed with a watertight plug, or with other devices approved by
ENGINEER, at times when pipe laying is not in progress.

B. Pipe:

1. Pipe shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations

for installing the type of pipe used, unless otherwise shown on the DRAWINGS.
Pipelines shall be laid to the grades and alignment shown on the DRAWINGS or
staked by ENGINEER. Variation from the prescribed grade and alignment shall
not exceed one-tenth (0.10) foot, and the rate of departure from, or return to, the
established grade or alignment shall be not more than one (1) inch in ten (10)
feet, unless approved by ENGINEER. No deviation from grade shall cause a
depression in the sewer invert that could retain fluids or solids. Any pipe which
is not in true alignment or which shows undue settlement after laying shall be
taken up and re-laid at CONTRACTOR’s expense.

2. Lift or roll pipe to protect coating. Do not drag over gravel or rock. Avoid
striking rocks or hard objects when lowering into trench.

a. Pipe on which coatings have been damaged may be rejected at the site of
the WORK regardless of previous approvals.

C. Pipe Fittings:

1. Pipe fittings shall be laid so as to form a close concentric joint with the
adjoining pipe to avoid sudden offsets of the flow line. Pipe sections shall be
joined together in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations.

2. Join pipe sections with bolted coupling bands of the same material as the pipe in
accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations.

3. Pipe fittings and appurtenances shall be carefully lowered into the trench with
suitable tools or equipment to prevent damage to the pipe and protective
coatings and linings; pipe and accessory materials shall not be dropped or
dumped into the trench.

D. Gaskets: No gaskets that show signs of deterioration, such as surface cracking or

checking, shall be installed in a pipe joint. The neoprene gaskets used, when the air
temperature is ten degrees Fahrenheit (10°F) or lower shall be warmed to temperature
of sixty degrees Fahrenheit (60°F) for a period of thirty (30) minutes before being
placed on the pipe.

33 41 02 - 7
Revised 03/2012

3.05 BEDDING AND BACKFILLING

A. Select bedding and backfill material may be required and shall be so shown on the
DRAWINGS. Select bedding materials shall conform to the designated gradation
requirements in Section 31 23 33, Trenching and Backfilling.

B. Bedding material shall be placed under and around all pipes as shown on the
DRAWINGS. Bedding shall be placed in a manner that will minimize separation or
change in its uniform gradation. Bedding shall be distributed in six-inch (6")
maximum layers over the full width of the trench and simultaneously on both sides of
the pipe. Special care shall be taken to ensure full compaction under the haunches
and joints of the pipe.

C. Backfill compaction shall not be attained by inundation or jetting, unless approved in

writing by ENGINEER. Backfill material shall be uniformly compacted the full
depth of the trench.

3.06 CONCRETE CUTOFF COLLARS

A. Concrete cutoff collars shall be placed around pipes as shown on the DRAWINGS or
as directed by the ENGINEER.

3.07 FIELD TESTING

A. Acceptance Tests for Gravity and Low-Pressure Pipelines:

1. Alignment:

a. Sewer shall be inspected by flashing a light between manholes or by

physical passage where space permits.

b. CONTRACTOR shall clean pipe of excess mortar, joint sealant, and other
dirt and debris prior to inspection.

c. Determine from Illumination or Physical Inspection:

1) Presence of any misaligned, displaced, or broken pipe.

2) Presence of visible infiltration or other defects.

B. Deflection Testing:

1. Maximum installed deflections of flexible pipe shall be five percent (5%) of

mean internal diameter.

2. At the ENGINEER’s discretion, CONTRACTOR shall test flexible pipe after

backfill has been in place 30 days. Deflection is defined per ASTM D2321.

a. CONTRACTOR shall provide rigid ball or mandrel deflection testing

equipment and labor.

b. Obtain approval of equipment and acceptance of method proposed for use in

testing deflection of the pipe. Test shall be performed without mechanical
pulling devices.

33 41 02 - 8
 Revised 03/2012

c. Pipe exceeding deflection limits, as defined in ASTM D2321, shall be

replaced or re-compacted at CONTRACTOR’s expense.

3.08 SURFACE RESTORATION

A. All streets, alleys, driveways, sidewalks, curbs, or other surfaces broken, cut or
damaged by CONTRACTOR shall be replaced in kind or as shown on the
DRAWINGS.

3.09 CLEAN UP

A. All rubbish, unused materials, and other non-native materials shall be removed from
the job site. All excess excavation shall be disposed of as specified, and the right-of-
way shall be left in a state of order and cleanliness.

END OF SECTION

33 41 02 - 9
Revised 03/2012

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33 41 02 - 10
 Revised 03/2012

SECTION 33 41 03

POLYVINYL CHLORIDE (PVC) PIPE

PART 1 GENERAL

1.01 SECTION INCLUDES

A. This section includes all labor, materials, equipment, and incidentals required and
installation of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) pipe and fittings, 18-inch diameter to
60-inch diameter intended for use in storm drainage systems including appurtenances
normally installed as part of these systems. Construction may include surface
preparation, trench excavation shoring, dewatering, lay align and join pipe,
installation of appurtenances, bedding and backfilling, surface restoration, and other
related work.

1.02 RELATED SECTIONS

1. Section 31 11 00, Clearing and Grubbing.

2. Section 31 14 13, Topsoil Stripping and Stockpiling.

3. Section 31 23 00, Excavation and Fill.

4. Section 31 23 19, Dewatering.

5. Section 31 23 33, Trenching and Backfilling.

1.03 REFERENCES

A. The following is a list of standards which may be referenced in this section:

1. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials

(AASHTO)

a. M278, Standard Specification for Class PS46 Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)
Pipe

b. M304, Standard Specification for Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Profile

Wall Drain Pipe and Fittings Based on Controlled Inside Diameter

2. ASTM International (ASTM):

a. D1784, Standard Specification for Rigid Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)

Compounds and Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride (CPVC) Compounds.

b. D2321, Underground Installation of Thermoplastic Pipe for Sewers and

Other Gravity Flow Applications.

c. D2412, Standard Test Method for Determination of External Loading

Characteristics of Plastic Pipe by Parallel-Plate Loading.

33 41 02 - 1
Revised 03/2012

d. D3212, Joints for Drain and Sewer Plastic Pipes Using Flexible
Elastomeric Seals.

e. F477, Specification for Elastomeric Seals (Gaskets) for Joining Plastic

Pipe.

f. F679, Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Large Diameter Plastic Gravity Sewer

Pipe and Fittings.

g. F794, Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Ribbed Gravity Sewer Pipe and Fittings
Based On Controlled Inside Diameter.

h. F949, Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Corrugated Sewer Pipe with a Smooth
Interior and Fittings.

i. F1803, Standard Specifications for Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Closed

Profile Gravity Pipe and Fittings Based on Controlled Inside Diameter.

1.04 SUBMITTALS

A. Details of fittings and specials shall be furnished for approval by ENGINEER.

B. Unless otherwise specified, CONTRACTOR shall submit to ENGINEER for

approval SHOP DRAWINGS showing the exact dimension of the joints including the
permissible tolerances for each size of pipe being furnished and the size, type and
locations of gasket materials and a schedule of pipe lengths (including length of
individual pipes by diameter) for the entire project. Approval of the joint detail
DRAWINGS shall not relieve CONTRACTOR of any responsibilities to meet all of
the requirements of these SPECIFICATIONS, or of the responsibility for correctness
of CONTRACTOR’s details.

C. CONTRACTOR shall submit to ENGINEER, the name of the pipe and fitting
suppliers and a list of materials to be furnished including complete manufacturers
specifications and data covering the materials to be furnished and detailed drawings
covering the installation.

D. CONTRACTOR shall submit certified test reports that the pipe was manufactured
and tested in accordance with the ASTM and AASHTO Standards specified herein.

E. CONTRACTOR shall cooperate with ENGINEER in obtaining and providing

samples of all specified materials.

1.05 QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. Manufacturer:

1. Experienced in the design, manufacture, and commercial supplying of the

specific material for a minimum period of five (5) years.

2. Experienced in the design, manufacture, and commercial supplying of the

specific size of pipe for a period of one (1) year.

3. Certify to above minimum experience requirements.

33 41 02 - 2
 Revised 03/2012

B. All PVC pipe and fittings shall be from a single manufacturer. All PVC pipe to be
installed may be inspected at the factory for compliance with these
SPECIFICATIONS by an independent testing laboratory provided by the OWNER.
The CONTRACTOR shall require the manufacturer’s cooperation in these
inspections. The cost of these plant inspections of all pipe approved, plus the cost of
inspection of a reasonable amount of disapproved pipe, will be borne by the
OWNER.

C. Inspection of the pipe shall also be made by the ENGINEER or other representatives
of the OWNER after delivery. The pipe shall be subject to rejection at any time on
account of failure to meet any of the Specification requirements, even though pipes
may have been accepted as satisfactory at the place of manufacture. Pipe rejected
after delivery shall be marked for identification and shall immediately be removed
from the job.

1.06 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING

A. Responsibility for Material:

1. Shipping: Material shall be shipped so to not bend, dent or otherwise damage

pipe during transport.

2. CONTRACTOR shall be responsible for all materials intended for the WORK
that are delivered to the construction site and accepted by CONTRACTOR.
Payment shall not be made for materials found to be defective or damaged in
handling after delivery and acceptance. Defective or damaged materials shall be
removed and replaced with acceptable materials at CONTRACTOR’s expense.

3. CONTRACTOR shall be responsible for the safe and proper storage of such
materials.

a. Limit stacking of pipe to a height that will not cause excessive deformation
of bottom layers of pipes under anticipated temperature conditions.

b. Where necessary, because of ground conditions, store pipe on wooden

sleepers, spaced suitably and of such widths as not to allow deformation of
pipe at point of contact with sleeper or between supports.

c. Keep Pipe shaded from direct sunlight prior to installation in the trench.

B. Pipe Acceptance:

1. In addition to any deficiencies not covered by the applicable ASTM

Specifications, any pipe or fitting which has any of the visual defects will not be
accepted.

a. Delaminations, cracks, bubbles, pinholes, inclusions or occlusions, which,

because of their nature, degree, or extent, detrimentally affect the strength
and serviceability of the pipe.

C. Pipe Handling:

33 41 02 - 3
Revised 03/2012

1. Pipe and accessories furnished by CONTRACTOR shall be delivered to,

unloaded, and distributed at the site by CONTRACTOR. Each pipe shall be
unloaded adjacent to or near the intended laying location.

2. Pipe, fittings, specials, valves and appurtenances shall be unloaded and stored in
a manner that precludes shock or damage. Such materials shall not be dropped.

3. Pipe shall be handled so as to prevent damage to the pipe ends or to any coating
or lining. Pipe shall not be skidded or rolled against adjacent pipe. Damaged
coatings or lining shall be repaired or replaced by CONTRACTOR, at
CONTRACTOR’s expense in accordance with the recommendations of the
manufacturer and in a manner satisfactory to ENGINEER. Physical damage to
the pipe or accessory shall be repaired or replaced by CONTRACTOR at
CONTRACTOR’s expense, and in a manner satisfactory to ENGINEER.

D. Gasket Storage: All gaskets shall be stored in a cool place, preferably at a

temperature of less than seventy degrees Fahrenheit (70°F.), and in no case shall the
gaskets be stored in the open, or exposed to the direct rays of the sun.

PART 2 PRODUCTS

2.01 MATERIALS

A. General: PVC pipe, which does not conform to the applicable ASTM Standard
Specifications, listed in Article References or to any other requirement specified
herein shall not be approved for storm sewer, culvert, or sanitary sewer installations.

B. Allowable ASTM Specifications: All material, manufacturing operations, testing,

inspection, and making of PVC pipe shall conform to the requirements of the
appropriate allowable ASTM Standard Specifications, latest revision thereof, listed in
Article References.

C. Marking:

1. Class and size.

2. Date of manufacture.

3. Name or trademark of manufacturer.

4. Deflection angle for bends.

D. Diameter of Pipe: The diameter indicated on the DRAWINGS shall mean the inside
diameter of the pipe.

E. Wall Thickness and Class of Pipe:

1. PVC large-diameter plastic gravity sewer pipe and fitting shall conform to
ASTM F679 or ASTM F794, with minimum pipe stiffness of 46 psi.

2. The wall thickness shall comply with the appropriate ASTM Specification and
the class of pipe designated on the DRAWINGS.

33 41 02 - 4
 Revised 03/2012

3. PVC pipe and fittings shall have a smooth interior and corrugated exterior.
18-inch through 36-inch pipe shall meet the requirements of AASHTO M294
Type S. The pipe shall have a full circular cross-section with annular
corrugations. Pipe shall be produced to constant internal diameters.

4. Pipe and fittings shall be made of high-density, high molecular weight

polyethylene material meeting the requirements of cell classification 324420C
or higher in accordance with ASTM D3350. Clean rework material generated by
the manufacturer’s own production may be used so long as the pipe or fittings
produced meet all the requirements of this SPECIFICATION.

F. Fittings and Specials:

1. Fittings and specials shall conform to ASTM F679 or ASTM F794, with
minimum pipe stiffness of 46 psi.

2. Fittings or specials shall have permanently and plainly marked on the interior of
the pipe wall the pipe class and size, date of manufacture, manufacturer's name
or trademark, and deflection angle for bends.

G. Joints:

1. Pipe joints shall be airtight and of the bell spigot type with elastomeric gaskets
conforming to the requirements of ASTM D3212.

2. Gaskets shall comply in all aspects with physical requirements specified in

ASTM F477.

3. Gaskets shall be neoprene or synthetic elastomer. Natural rubber is not

acceptable:

4. The gasket shall be the only element depended upon to make the joint flexible
and watertight.

5. Lubricant used for assembly shall have no detrimental effect on the gasket or the
pipe.

6. Integral bell and spigot gasketed joints shall be designed so that when
assembled, the elastomeric gasket, contained in a machined groove on the pipe
spigot, is compressed radially in the pipe bell to form a positive seal. The joint
shall be designed to avoid displacement of the gasket when installed in
accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations.

PART 3 EXECUTION

3.01 GENERAL

A. The pipe and pipe coatings shall be inspected by ENGINEER for damage or defects
before being placed in the trench. Damaged or defective pipe shall not be installed.

B. All pipes which do not meet the requirements of PART 2 of this section will be
rejected and replaced at CONTRACTOR’s expense.

33 41 02 - 5
Revised 03/2012

C. CONTRACTOR shall install storm sewer pipe of the type, diameter, load class, wall
thickness and protective coating that is shown on the DRAWINGS.

D. Proper equipment, implements, tools and facilities shall be provided and used by
CONTRACTOR for safe and convenient installation of the type of pipe being
installed.

3.02 SURFACE PREPARATION

A. Within Easement, Cultivated, Landscaped, or Agricultural Area:

1. All vegetation, such as brush, sod, heavy growth of grass or weeds, decayed
vegetable matter, rubbish and other unsuitable material within the area of
excavation and trenchside storage shall be stripped and disposed of in
accordance with the requirements of Section 31 11 00, Clearing and Grubbing.

2. Topsoil shall be removed to a depth of eight (8) inches or the full depth of the
topsoil, whichever is less. Topsoil shall be removed from the area to be
excavated and stockpiled, or, CONTRACTOR may elect to import topsoil to
replace that lost during excavation.

B. Within Unpaved Roadway Areas: CONTRACTOR shall strip the cover material
from graveled roadways or other developed, but unpaved traffic surfaces to the full
depth of the existing surfacing. The surfacing shall be stockpiled to the extent that it
is acceptable and useable for restoration purposes.

C. Within Paved Areas:

1. The removal of pavement, sidewalks, driveways, or curb and gutter shall be

performed in a neat and workmanlike manner. Concrete pavement, asphalt,
sidewalks, driveways, or curb and gutter shall be cut with a power saw to a
depth of two (2) inches prior to breaking. The concrete shall be cut vertically in
straight lines and avoiding acute angles.

2. Bituminous pavement, sidewalks, driveways, or curb and gutter shall be cut with
a power saw, pavement breaker, or other approved method of scoring the mat
prior to breaking or excavation. The bituminous mat shall be cut vertically, in
straight lines and avoiding acute angles.

3. Any overbreak, separation, or other damage to the existing bituminous or

concrete outside the designated cut lines shall be replaced at CONTRACTOR’s
expense.

4. Excavated paving materials shall be removed from the job site and shall not be
used as fill or backfill.

3.03 DEWATERING

A. All pipe trenches and excavation for structures and appurtenances shall be kept free
of water during pipe laying and other related work. The method of dewatering shall
provide for a dry foundation at the final grades of excavation in accordance with
Section 31 23 19, Dewatering. Water shall be disposed of in a manner that does not
inconvenience the public or result in a menace to public health. Pipe trenches shall

33 41 02 - 6
 Revised 03/2012

contain enough backfill to prevent pipe flotation before dewatering is discontinued.

Dewatering shall continue until such time as it is safe to allow the water to rise in the
excavation.

3.04 INSTALLATION

A. General: Precautions shall be taken to prevent foreign material from entering the pipe
before or while it is being placed in the line. During laying operations, no debris,
tools, clothing or other materials shall be placed in the pipe. The open ends of pipe
shall be closed with a watertight plug, or with other devices approved by
ENGINEER, at times when pipe laying is not in progress.

B. Pipe:

1. Pipe shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations

for installing the type of pipe used, unless otherwise shown on the DRAWINGS.

2. Pipe lines shall be laid to the grades and alignment shown on the DRAWINGS
or staked by ENGINEER. Variation from the prescribed grade and alignment
shall not exceed one-tenth (0.10) foot, and the rate of departure from, or return
to, the established grade or alignment shall be not more than one (1) inch in ten
(10) feet, unless approved by ENGINEER. No deviation from grade shall cause
a depression in the sewer invert that could retain fluids or solids. Any pipe
which is not in true alignment or which shows undue settlement after laying
shall be taken up and re-laid at Contractor’s expense.

3. Lift or roll pipe to protect coating. Do not drag over gravel or rock. Avoid
striking rocks or hard objects when lowering into trench.

a. Pipe on which coatings have been damaged may be rejected at the site of
the WORK regardless of previous approvals.

C. Pipe Fittings:

1. Pipe fittings shall be laid so as to form a close concentric joint with the
adjoining pipe to avoid sudden offsets of the flowline. Pipe sections shall be
joined together in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations.

2. Pipe fittings and appurtenances shall be carefully lowered into the trench with
suitable tools or equipment to prevent damage to the pipe and protective
coatings and linings; pipe and accessory materials shall not be dropped or
dumped into the trench.

D. Gaskets: No gaskets that show signs of deterioration, such as surface cracking or

checking, shall be installed in a pipe joint. The neoprene gaskets used, when the air
temperature is ten degrees Fahrenheit (10°F) or lower shall be warmed to temperature
of sixty degrees Fahrenheit ) for a period of thirty (30) minutes before being placed
on the pipe.

E. Obstructions not shown on the DRAWINGS may be encountered during the progress
of the WORK. Should such an obstruction require an alteration to the pipe alignment
or grade, ENGINEER will have authority to order a deviation from the DRAWINGS,

33 41 02 - 7
Revised 03/2012

or ENGINEER may arrange for the removal, relocation, or reconstruction of any

structure which obstructs the pipeline.

3.05 BEDDING AND BACKFILL FILLING

A. Select bedding and backfill material may be required and shall be so shown on the
DRAWINGS. Select bedding materials shall conform to the designated gradation
requirements in Section 31 23 33, Trenching and Backfilling.

B. Bedding material shall be placed under and around all pipes as shown on the
DRAWINGS. Bedding shall be placed in a manner that will minimize separation or
change in its uniform gradation. Bedding shall be distributed in six-inch (6")
maximum layers over the full width of the trench and simultaneously on both sides of
the pipe. Special care shall be taken to ensure full compaction under the haunches
and joints of the pipe.

C. Backfill compaction shall not be attained by inundation or jetting, unless approved in

writing by ENGINEER. Backfill material shall be uniformly compacted the full
depth of the trench.

3.06 CONCRETE CUTOFF COLLARS

A. Concrete shall meet the requirements of Section 03 31 00, Structural Concrete.

3.07 FIELD TESTING

A. Acceptance Tests for Gravity and Low-Pressure Pipelines:

1. Alignment:

a. Sewer shall be inspected by flashing a light between manholes or by

physical passage where space permits.

b. Contractor shall clean pipe of, joint sealant, and other dirt and debris prior
to inspection.

c. Determine from Illumination or Physical Inspection:

1) Presence of any misaligned, displaced, or broken pipe.

2) Presence of visible infiltration or other defects.

B. Deflection Testing:

1. Maximum installed deflections of flexible pipe shall be five percent (5%) of

mean internal diameter.

2. At the ENGINEER’s discretion, CONTRACTOR shall test flexible pipe after

backfill has been in place 30 days. Deflection is defined per ASTM D2321.

a. CONTRACTOR shall provide rigid ball or mandrel deflection testing

equipment and labor.

33 41 02 - 8
 Revised 03/2012

b. Obtain approval of equipment and acceptance of method proposed for use

in testing deflection of the pipe. Test shall be performed without
mechanical pulling devices.

c. Pipe exceeding deflection limits, as defined in ASTM D2321, shall be

replaced or re-compacted at CONTRACTOR's expense.

3.08 SURFACE RESTORATION

A. All streets, alleys, driveways, sidewalks, curbs or other surfaces broken, cut or
damaged by CONTRACTOR shall be replaced in kind or as shown on the
DRAWINGS.

3.09 CLEAN UP

A. All rubbish, unused materials, and other non-native materials shall be removed from
the job site. All excess excavation shall be disposed of as specified, and the right-of-
way shall be left in a state of order and cleanliness.

END OF SECTION

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Revised 03/2012

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33 41 02 - 10
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SECTION 33 46 00

SUBDRAINAGE

PART 1 GENERAL

1.01 SECTION INCLUDES

A. CONTRACTOR shall furnish all labor, tools, and equipment and perform all Work
necessary for, or incidental to, the supply and installation of pipe underdrains as
shown in the DRAWINGS and specified herein. This WORK includes trenching,
placement of a geotextile fabric, rock, HDPE pipe, PVC pipe, and clean-outs to drain
water from structure foundations. The WORK shall be coordinated with the work of
all other trades and activities on the PROJECT.

B. CONTRACTOR shall furnish and install all supplementary and miscellaneous items,
appurtenances and devices incidental to or necessary for a complete installation.

1.02 RELATED SECTIONS

A. The following is a list of SPECIFICATIONS which may be related to this section:

1. Section 31 23 19, Dewatering.

2. Section 31 23 33, Trenching and Backfilling.

1.03 REFERENCES

A. The following is a list of standards which may be referenced in this section:

1. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials

(AASHTO):

a. M252, Standard Specification for Corrugated Polyethylene Drainage Pipe.

b. M294, Standard Specification for Corrugated Polyethylene Pipe, 300-mm

to 1500-mm Diameter.

2. ASTM International (ASTM):

a. C33, Standard Specification for Concrete Aggregates.

b. D737, Standard Test Method for Air Permeability of Textile Fabrics.

c. D1784, Standard Specification for Rigid Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)

Compounds and Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Compounds.

d. D3034, Standard Specification for Type PSM Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)
Sewer Pipe and Fittings.

e. D3212, Standard Specification for Joints for Drain and Sewer Plastic Pipes
Using Flexible Elastomeric Seals.

33 46 00 - 1
Revised 03/2012

f. D3776, Standard Test Method for Mass per Unit Area (Weight) of Fabric.

g. D3786, Standard Test Method for Bursting Strength of Textile Fabrics—

Diaphragm Bursting Strength Tester Method.

h. D3887, Standard Specification for Tolerances for Knitted Fabrics

i. D4491, Standard Test Methods for Water Permeability of Geotextiles by

Permittivity.

j. D4533, Standard Test Method for Trapezoid Tearing Strength of

Geotextiles.

k. D4632, Standard Test Method for Grab Breaking Load and Elongation of
Geotextiles.

l. D4751, Standard Test Method for Determining the Apparent Opening Size
of a Geotextile.

m. D4833, Standard Test Method for Index Puncture Resistance of

Geotextiles, Geomembranes, and Related Products.

n. D6241, Standard Test Method for the Static Puncture Strength of

Geotextiles and Geotextile-Related Products using a 50-mm Probe

o. D6707, Standard Specification for Circular-Knit Geotextile for Use in

Subsurface Drainage Applications

p. F405, Standard Specification for Corrugated Polyethylene (PE) Pipe and

Fittings.

q. F477, Standard Specification for Elastomeric Seals (Gaskets) for Joining

Plastic Pipe.

1.04 SUBMITTALS

A. Submittals shall include as a minimum the following:

1. Geotextile fabric.

2. Rock gradation results.

3. Polyethylene pipe and fittings (including slot perforation pattern).

4. PVC pipe and fittings (including perforation pattern).

5. Meter vault sections and lid (where required for clean-outs).

1.05 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING

A. Geotextile: During shipment and storage, the rolls of fabric shall be protected against
deterioration from the sun, mud, dirt, dust, and other deleterious conditions at all
times.

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B. Keep Pipe shaded from direct sunlight prior to installation in the trench.

PART 2 PRODUCTS

2.01 GEOTEXTILE FABRIC

A. The fabric shall have complete resistance to deterioration from ambient temperatures,
acid, and alkaline conditions, and shall be indestructible to microorganisms and
insects. The material shall be resistant to short-term (until placement) deterioration
by ultraviolet light or protected until placement, as recommended by the
manufacturer, such that no deterioration occurs.

B. Fibers used in the manufacture of geotextiles, and the threads used in joining
geotextiles by sewing, shall consist of long chain synthetic polymers composed of at
least eighty five percent (85%) by weight polyolefins, polyesters, or polyamides.
They shall be formed into a network such that the filaments or yarns retain
dimensional stability relative to each other, including selvedges.

C. The property values shown below are not design values, but represent the minimum
accepted physical characteristics of the geotextile required. The number represents a
value to be confirmed by the manufacturer. These values represent minimum average
roll values (for example, any roll tested shall meet or exceed the minimum values in
the table).

Property Value Test Method

Grab Strength 120 lbs. ASTM D4632
Grab Tensile Elongation 55% ASTM D4632
Burst Strength 225 psi ASTM D3786
Puncture Resistance 65 lbs. ASTM D4833
Trapezoid Tear Strength 50 lbs. ASTM D4533
Apparent Opening Size 70, U.S. Standard Sieve ASTM D4751
-1
Permittivity 1.7 sec. ASTM D4491
Water Flow Rate 140 gal./min./ft.2 ASTM D4491
D. Geotextile fabric for pipe underdrains shall be Mirafi 140N or equivalent.

2.02 DRAIN SLEEVE

Property Value Test Method

Weight 3.5 – 3.9 oz./yd2. ASTM D3776
Thickness 0.040 in.
Burst Strength (min) 120 psi ASTM D3887
Puncture Resistance (min) 180 lbs. ASTM D6241
3 2
Air Permeability 700 ft. /ft. /min. ASTM D737
Apparent Opening Size 30, U.S. Standard Sieve ASTM D4751

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Property Value Test Method

-1
Permittivity (min) 2.4 sec. ASTM D4491
2
300 gal/min/ft. (2"
Water Flow Rate ASTM D4491
Constant Head)

2.03 ROCK BEDDING

A. Unless otherwise shown in the DRAWINGS, rock shall consist of dense, clean,
uniformly graded material with a maximum size of two (2) inches and less than five
percent (5%) passing the three-eighths inch (3/8") sieve. Coarse concrete aggregate
meeting the requirements of ASTM C33 No. 4 may be used.

2.04 HDPE PIPE AND FITTINGS

A. ADS Heavy Duty Pipe meeting ASTM F405 with slotted or circular perforations
providing a minimum inlet area as required by AASHTO M252 or AASTO M294
Class 2 perforations.. The slotted perforation pattern shall be in accordance with
AASHTO M252 or AASHTO M294 Class 2 perforations providing a flow rate for
six-inch (6") diameter pipe of ninety four hundredths (0.94) GPM at a one-foot (1')
pressure head. The pipe is available in ten-foot (10') joints, one hundred (100), and
one thousand five hundred (1,500) linear foot rolls. The pipe shall include a factory-
installed drain sleeve that meets the requirements of ASTM D6707 (ADS Drain-
Sleeve or approved equal).

B. HDPE pipe and fittings shall be made in accordance with ASTM F405.

C. HDPE pipe shall be Type S or approved equal.

2.05 PVC PIPE AND FITTINGS

A. Specifications and Dimensions:

1. PVC pipe and fittings shall be made in accordance with ASTM D1784.

2. The pipe shall be designed, manufactured, tested, inspected and marked in

accordance with the provisions of this SPECIFICATION and ASTM D3034.
The minimum wall thickness shall be SDR 35.

3. Nominal pipe lengths of pipe shall be twenty (20) feet, with shorter lengths
provided as required by DRAWINGS, alignment, and grade.

B. Joint Type:

1. Pipe joints shall be made using an integral bell with an elastomeric gasket push-
on type joint. The joint shall comply with the requirements of ASTM D3212.

2. Gaskets shall meet the requirements of ASTM F477.

3. Solvent-cement joints are strictly prohibited.

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C. Perforations:

1. PVC piping shown on the DRAWINGS to be perforated shall be perforated to

the pattern shown on the DRAWINGS. If no pattern is shown on the
DRAWINGS, four (4) one-quarter inch (1/4") diameter holes shall be provided
at six-inch (6") centers at the quarter points of the pipe. No perforation shall be
made within six (6) inches from either end of the pipe.

2. Laterals, drain lines away from the structure, and the top ten (10) feet of
cleanout risers shall have a solid wall.

2.06 METER VAULT

A. The precast concrete meter vault sections and lid shall be to the dimensions shown on
the DRAWINGS. The vault shall be furnished by Amcor or equivalent. The lid shall
be blank and not be labeled “water.”

PART 3 EXECUTION

3.01 TRENCHING

A. The underdrain shall be trenched into the native soil a maximum of six (6) inches if
so shown on the DRAWINGS to the grades shown on the DRAWINGS. The
trenches shall slope uniformly at the grade shown on the DRAWINGS.

3.02 GEOTEXTILE FABRIC

A. All perforated pipe shall be wrapped with geotextile fabric.

B. Perforated pipe in cleanout risers shall be wrapped in geotextile fabric. Suitable

means shall be found to seal the seam and maintain the position of the fabric during
backfilling.

C. Care shall be taken not to tear any geotextile fabric during backfilling.

3.03 ROCK

A. Rock shall be placed on the geotextile fabric to the depth shown prior to placement of
the underdrain pipe. After the pipe is in place, rock shall be placed along and over the
top of the pipe in a manner that shall not damage the pipe.

3.04 HDPE PIPE AND FITTINGS

A. The pipe shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s written instructions,
a copy of which shall be maintained on site during pipe installation.

3.05 PVC PIPE AND FITTINGS

A. General: When laying PVC pipe out on a curve, the joints may be deflected up to
seventy five percent (75%) of the maximum value permitted by the manufacturer of
the pipe. Tighter curves shall be made by either using shorter lengths of pipe or by
using manufactured bends.

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B. Perforated Pipe: Perforated pipe shall be placed in the rock bedding as shown on the
DRAWINGS.

C. Solid Pipe: Solid PVC pipe shall be placed on six (6) inches of sand bedding, unless
the native soil is capable of providing uniform support as approved by ENGINEER
or shown on the DRAWINGS.

3.06 CLEAN-OUTS

A. The clean-out risers shall be protected from damage during the backfilling
operations.

B. The ring and cap shall be secured in place with a reinforced concrete collar as shown
on the DRAWINGS.

END OF SECTION

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