International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)

Volume 6 Issue 2, January-February 2022 Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN: 2456 – 6470

Thermal Analysis of IC Engine Cylinder Fins using ANSYS

Parvindar Singh1, Ashwini Bhoi2
1
Research Scholar, 2Assistant Professor,
1,2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Raipur Institute of Technology, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India

ABSTRACT How to cite this paper: Parvindar Singh

The cylinders are one of the vital components of IC engines. The | Ashwini Bhoi "Thermal Analysis of IC
current research reviews existing work conducted in improving Engine Cylinder Fins using ANSYS"
performance of engine by varying fuel flow and operating conditions. Published in
International Journal
The investigations of engines are based on numerical method,
of Trend in
analytical method and experimental techniques. The study on
Scientific Research
optimization of intake manifold, fuel injection system and other and Development
engine cylinder components are also presented. The CFD simulation (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-
studies on intake design and engine cylinder are also presented. 6470, Volume-6 | IJTSRD49162
Issue-2, February
KEYWORDS: Cooling tower, thermal analysis 2022, pp.108-113, URL:
www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49162.pdf

Copyright © 2022 by author(s) and

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1. INTRODUCTION
The engine cylinder is one of the main parts of the the optimum limit is also not considered as it may
automobile, subject to elevated differences in reduce overall efficiency. It can be noted, therefore,
temperature and thermal stress. In an internal that only adequate cooling is necessary. The air-
combustion engine combustion chamber, combustion cooling system building is much simpler. In order to
occurs at elevated temperature and stress, which may achieve standardized temperature in the engine
affect likelihood of piston seizure, overheating, piston cylinder, it is therefore essential for an air-cooled
ring opportunities, compression ring, oil ring, etc. engine to use the fins efficiently. An internal
Excess temperature may also harm the fabric of the combustion engine is a motor in which a gas is
cylinder. Also happens because of overheating combusted in a combustion chamber. The
likelihood of pre-ignition. In air-cooled motorcycle development of combustion-generated high-
motors, heat is released by forced convection into the temperature and high-pressure air adds immediate
atmosphere. The velocity of heat transfer depends on power to motor components such as pistons, turbine
wind speed, geometry of the motor surface, internal blades or a nozzle. This power moves the element,
surface area and temperature of the environment. producing helpful mechanical energy over a range.
Wind speed is not considered in this work on motor Air-cooled engines are substituted by water-cooled
block fins considering heat inside through conduction engines that are more effective, but all two wheels use
and convection in this job evaluation. Motorcycle air-cooled motors because air-cooled engines require
engines are generally designed to function at a less weight and less requirement.
particular atmospheric temperature, but cooling above

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 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
90o for single open and both open conditions that
Brake thermal efficiency increases by 1.87% for the
30o modified flow as compared to the standard flow.
NOx emission is reduced in the modified condition by
57.6% as compared to that of standard condition. For
modified flow condition HC content increase by 21.2
% than that of standard condition. Increase in Smoke
emission by 4.65% for the modified condition to the
standard condition is the important condition to look
out. The cylinder pressure reduced by 19.9% in the
modified flow condition compared to that of the
standard and there is reduction in the heat release by
12.15% for the modified flow to that of the standard
Figure 1: Engine cylinder [22] flow.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW Lucas Konstantinoff et al. (2017) [4] have explained
R Ramachandra et al. (2016) [1] discussed about the about cylinder heads with two different valve-seat
analysis of different manifolds in the previous designs were tested on a static flow bench to acquire
sections; analysis is extended to compare the effect of comparable data describing flow characteristics. Data
different manifold Configurations on flow structure. on the air flow rate and angular momentum generated
The helical spiral manifold geometry creates higher by the inlet port was used to calculate the flow and
velocity component (W/Vp) inside the combustion swirl coefficients and describe the cylinder heads
chamber at the end of compression stroke. Swirl ratio static-flow performances. The static flow bench
inside the cylinder and turbulent kinetic energy are results were compared to results from PIV analysis
higher for spiral manifold. Volumetric efficiency for conducted at an optical test bench for the
the spiral helical combined manifold is 10% higher visualization of flow and velocity patterns. The
than that of spiral manifold. The summary of the benchmarked cylinder heads were mounted on a
comparison is that Helical-spiral combined manifold state-of-the-art biogas CHP unit, engine performance
creates higher swirl inside the cylinder than spiral was measured and the combustion was analyzed with
manifold. Helical manifold provides higher an indication system. Through all loads, maximum
volumetric Efficiency. Helical-spiral combined cylinder pressure and correlating combustion rates
manifold provides higher mean swirl velocity at TDC were higher with the new valve-seat design.
of compression. In-cylinder calculations of the intake Additionally, the overall combustion velocity did not
and compression strokes of a DI Diesel engine seem to be affected by the load at which the engine
equipped with two intake valves were carried out. was run. This observation means that the new sickle-
The resulting flow field was analyzed for different shape design is likely to improve burning velocities
combustion chamber shapes and compared with a for all stationary-operated gas engines of similar size.
limited number of measurements. Further research will include a detailed consideration
of partial load operation, particularly at 50% of the
Bandi.Ramanjulu, et al. (2015) [2] have studied about nominal power output. These already-planned
the analysis of different manifolds in the previous experimental investigations are expected to show the
sections, analysis is extended to compare the effect of degree of influence of the swirl motion on full- and
different manifold Configurations on flow structure. partial-load operation. They have proven that a goal-
The helical-spiral manifold geometry creates higher orientated optimization of the charge motion has the
velocity component (W/Vp) inside the combustion potential to improve internal combustion and, hence,
chamber at the end of compression stroke. Swirl ratio thermal efficiency.
inside the cylinder and turbulent kinetic energy are
higher for spiral manifold. Volumetric efficiency for Pankaj N.Shrirao et al. (2015) [5] studied about the
the spiral helical combined manifold is 10% higher configuration of cylinder head with three oval shape
than that of spiral manifold. dimples enhances the turbulence and hence results in
better air-fuel mixing process. As a result, the thermal
K.Raj Kiran, et al. (2017) [3] have focused on efficiency is increased and BSFC and exhaust
cylinder head design and make the lead angle turning emissions are reduced. The maximum enhancement
by 300 and lastly conclusions were drawn on in brake thermal efficiency, volumetric efficiency for
performance characteristics of single cylinder, four engine with three oval shape dimples on cylinder
strokes, and water-cooled engine while running the head were found to be 4.6%, 0.91% respectively at
engine with standard and modified inlet manifold of 2.5kW load compared to engine with conventional

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 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
cylinder head. It is observed that 6.66% of reduction the exhaust emissions. Pollution levels are also
in bsfc at 2.5kW load engine with three oval shape decreased with both valves when compared to the
dimples on cylinder head compared to engine with conventional valve. The manufacturing cost of masks
conventional cylinder head. The exhaust gas and fins are less and can easily prepare.
temperature is lower for diesel engine with one and Zhen Lu, et al. (2013) [9] have studied based on the
three oval shape dimples on cylinder head than engine existing three-dimensional design software and the
with conventional cylinder head. It is observed that defined parameters, a parametric design method for a
5.32%, 4.87% and 2.9% of reduction in HC, CO and single tangential-port design was developed, and the
NOx emissions respectively at 2.5kW load for engine twin port for a four-valve diesel engine can also be
with three oval shape dimples on cylinder head obtained by utilizing an assembly of parametrically
compared to engine with conventional cylinder head. designed single tangential ports. Also, not only the
The results indicate that inlet manifold with three oval performance of the single port but also the
shape dimples on cylinder head is identified as performance of the twin port can be optimized by
optimum configuration based on performance as well adjusting the values of the defined parameters. The
as exhaust emissions of diesel engine. numerical simulation results of the parametric design
J Benajes et al. (2004) [6] investigated in combustion method are compared with relevant experimental
chamber and optimum swirl value has been found for work. Conclusions are derived that both experimental
each engine operating mode. However, it can be and numerical simulation results showed that the
concluded that there is no single optimum value of newly developed design method can help to optimize
swirl ratio for the whole engine operating range, and the tangential port design to achieve an ideal flow
matching the level of swirl with other parameters is a coefficient and ideal swirl ratio. Most of the newly
task that also depends on the combustion chamber defined port parameters do not have a noticeable
geometry and injection characteristics. Nevertheless, impact on the mean flow coefficient. The mean swirl
the results obtained here can shed light on the swirl ratio is sensitive to several design parameters, such as
effects on diesel engine combustion and exhaust Av, Ab and Hv. The mean swirl ratio varies inversely
emissions over a wide range of engine operating with the values of Av, Ab and Hv and reaches a
conditions. maximum at Ah=90_. The flow coefficient is mainly
H. Mohamed Niyaz1 et al. (2014) [7] have discussed influenced by the port flow area. The influence of the
about simulation approach which is carried out for the port surface (in particular, the surface of the port
intake port to have optimized swirl torque which outlet) on the flow affects the swirl intensity
enhance the maximum performance of the internal significantly. The comparison between the
combustion engine. Simulation results shows the experimental results and numerical simulation shows
intake port gives lower swirl ratio and high flow that the newly developed design method is useful for
coefficient for the better performance of the engine. designing a new intake port with good performance.
More deviation is coming at lower valve lift Arjun Garg et al. (2017) [10] have summarized the in-
conditions, because flow bench system, there is a cylinder charge motion often plays a dominant role in
possibility of cumulative calibration error and type of preparation and conveyance of fuel mixture in the
turbulence model is used to resolve boundary layer at engine. The production of high turbulence intensity is
the valve seat area and CAD may have little deviation one of the most important factors for stabilizing the
from flow bench setup. CFD and flow bench ignition process and fast propagation of flame,
measurement for the swirl ratio is closely matching especially in the case of lean-burn combustion. This
with each other. Though the paddle wheel speed is paper outlines the process of design optimization of
different from CFD analysis. But it is having little piston head using Computational Fluid Dynamics
deviation at the high valve lift, because 2D monitor (CFD). The parameters that were varied were the
plane is used in CFD in-place of paddle wheel location, shape, size and number of the depressions or
arrangement. crowns over the piston head. The basis of
M D Raj Kamal et al. (2017) [8] have studied on optimization was flow uniformity throughout the
optimization of inlet air to the engine can be done by component, prevention of separation of air flow in the
means of inlet poppet valves. CFD simulation can piston head geometry.
advise better results. Masking of inlet valves Jorge MARTINS et al. (2009) [11] have created a
improves swirl rate and intern brake thermal computer model in GAMBIT was used for FLUENT
efficiency of the engine. Fins also increase the swirl simulations. Simulations were made to measure the
rate and hence we can get better thermal efficiency. swirl on a spark ignition internal combustion engine.
The swirl helps to improve a performance and reduce Looking at the cross sections of the three tests (inlet

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 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
valve opened at 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 mm), it can be seen cylinder head to 4 valves requires a trade-off between
that the progress of the swirl with the different valve a lots of design parameters and may not support
lifts is the same. The swirl starts at cross section A-A modern high swirl generating port layouts.
in the centre of the cylinder. In cross section B-B a Bharani Dharan R, et al. (2018) [15] studied about
second swirling starts to settle pushing the main swirl cylinder head which have been developed for a high
away from the centre of the cylinder. This second combustion pressure of around 200 bars used for
swirling flow stays on approximately the same 75kW/l by using CGI material. Design of Head is
location until the flow reaches the bottom of the carried out within several design, assembly and
cylinder. When looking at the values of the swirl, an manufacturing constraints such as to maintain a
increase of valve lift results in a decrease of both the specific cylinder centre distance, four valve layout,
swirl number and the swirl component. The best internal EGR passage, CGI material, incorporation of
results for swirl are reached for a valve lift of 1.5mm. various accessories, viz. manifolds, thermostat
This is as expected, because with a valve lift of housing, cam carrier, glow plugs integrated with
1.5mm there is less area between valve and valve seat pressure transducer, etc. Major focuses have given on
where the air can pass resulting in higher speed and cylinder head layout, bolt Pattern, port layoutting,
angular momentum. Comparing the swirl number water jacket core optimization for flow and strength
with the swirl component, the values of both numbers while going for the design. Various port lay out have
at the top are almost the same. This is because both been studied and various options have been tried out
numbers are calculated in the same way, but the swirl and swirling direct port with a feeder port was
number is calculated in the centre of the swirl and the designed for this application. These ports were
swirl component is calculated in the centre of the designed and developed with help of theoretical swirl
cylinder (axis). At the top of the cylinder the centre of requirement calculations, CFD analysis and Flow-
the swirl is in the centre of the cylinder and thus the Bench testing results.
values are approximately the same.
Kunjan Sanadhya, et al. (2015) [16] did the
K Vijaya Kumar, et al. (2018) [12] emphasized with experimental investigation of helical inlet port flow
the use of swirl piston there has been an improvement characteristics for cylinder head of Direct Injection
in brake thermal efficiency and decrease of brake (D.I) diesel engine. The average flow coefficient and
specific fuel consumption and have a remarkable swirl number is obtained using a paddle wheel test
decrease in exhaust emissions of HC, NOx. Also the bench. Intake port helix parameters, i.e., distance
results obtained for advanced injection timing between peripheral side wall and valve axis ‘Dp’,
performance are better compared to other injection width of helical section parallel to valve axis ‘W’ and
timings. initial width of the helix ‘Wh’ are measured for
Ujwal D. Patil et al. (2013) [13] discussed about different flow boxes for selected different bore and
developing intake port geometry to meet the swirl stroke engines. These parameters are modified and
ratio required to meet emission and intake ports were detailed analysis has been done to establish the effect
simulated on CFD to know velocity vectors, different on swirl number and average flow coefficient. The
flow patterns and is used to predict/improve second part of work focused on the Computation
performance. CFD simulation of intake ports and Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to study flow velocity, flow
prototype testing results compared to know the distribution inside cylinder and to analyse effect of
compatibility of CFD tool results. The arrangement helix parameter change.
and orientation of helical and directed port have an Kumar P. Shaha, et al. (2017) [17] have given
important effect on swirl ratio and intake flow procedure regarding the designing, operation and
interference and different swirl value can be parameters of the swirl test rig. AVL and Ricardo
optimized with different valve location and layout on swirl measuring techniques are widely used in
cylinder head further. industries for design and development of cylinder
V M Latheesh, et al. (2018) [14] worked on the heads. It has been observed that steady state flow
experimental results were found to be in accordance condition must be fulfilled for measurements to be
with simulation results. The CFD method can be used taken. In such test rigs, it is difficult to fulfil the
as a good tool for evaluating ports. After validation, it actual condition of real time working engine. The
was clear that CFD software helps to reduce the value of swirl is an important parameter in the design
number of real time experiments to be conducted to and development of inlet, exhaust ports and the
achieve the optimal port design. Position of tangential cylinder heads.
and helical port influence the swirl motion generated Shuisheng JIANG, et al. (2012) [18] studied n order
inside the cylinder. Conversion of existing 2 valve to research about the performance of diesel helical

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 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
intake port, the method of steady flow test and CFD Chang Chun Xu et al. (2012) [21] have researched the
Numerical simulation was combined to do structure software ANSYS which Computational Fluid
study. By the steady flow test, the parameters of Dynamics (CFD) simulation to investigate the
boundary condition for simulation calculation were influence of the air-fuel swirl with different piston
provided, such as the flow coefficient and swirl ratio. crown shapes inside the combustion chamber of the
Based on the experiment results, CFD simulation was four-stroke automotive engine. The field flow into the
calculated on the three-dimensional models of intake combustion chamber for air-fuel mixing to obtain the
port with the modification of centre distance, valve air-fuel swirl ratio, combustion rate, and air-fuel
chamber height and the valve cone angle. And the combustion efficiency when the air-fuel swirl is
results basically analyse that the flow characteristic of appeared in the cylinder. They have studied the
intake port was affected by above three parameters. influence of fluid flow in the combustion chamber of
This research shows the direction of detailed design the piston crown structure by computational fluid
of intake port and further experiment, which can dynamics, and the investigation by the CFD code in
shorten development time and costs of intake port. the intake system and compression strokes, changing
From results they have concluded that Compared the shape of the intake port and the intake port
CFD software’s simulation calculation with number to increase vortex ratio.
experiment on 3D model, it’s found that the flow
3. CONCLUSION
coefficients and swirls ratios are in good agreement. The performance of IC engine is evaluated by various
The CFD method can provide digital reference for the researchers. The numerical research findings have
structure design and proves the feasibility of shown that fuel flow distribution, air flow velocity
evaluation of intake port by CFD application. and design of intake port has significant effect on
Jun-ichi Kawashima, et al. (1998) [19] investigated engine performance. The exhaust emissions from
the performance of the intake port system, steady- engine was found to be dependent upon oval shape
state flow tests were conducted in parallel with three- dimples of cylinder head and its optimized designs
dimensional computations. In conducting the steady- are also presented.
state flow tests, it was found that a paddle wheel flow
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