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Revision Notes Class 8 Science Chapter 9 - Reproduction in Animals

The document summarizes reproduction in animals. It describes two main modes of reproduction: sexual reproduction which requires both male and female gametes and asexual reproduction which requires only one parent. It provides details on internal and external fertilization during sexual reproduction and describes the process from fertilization to development of an embryo or fetus. It distinguishes between viviparous animals that give birth to young and oviparous animals that lay eggs. The document also summarizes two types of asexual reproduction: budding seen in hydra and binary fission in amoeba.

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233 views

Revision Notes Class 8 Science Chapter 9 - Reproduction in Animals

The document summarizes reproduction in animals. It describes two main modes of reproduction: sexual reproduction which requires both male and female gametes and asexual reproduction which requires only one parent. It provides details on internal and external fertilization during sexual reproduction and describes the process from fertilization to development of an embryo or fetus. It distinguishes between viviparous animals that give birth to young and oviparous animals that lay eggs. The document also summarizes two types of asexual reproduction: budding seen in hydra and binary fission in amoeba.

Uploaded by

Arpit Sharma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Revision Notes

Class 8 Science
Chapter 9 – Reproduction in Animals

Reproduction and its importance:


It is a process by which the organisms produce new offspring of their own
species. Reproduction is important for the existence of a species.

Modes of reproduction:
The modes of reproduction are based on the requirements of the number of
parents, which are: (i) Sexual reproduction
(ii) Asexual reproduction

1. Sexual Reproduction
In sexual reproduction, the species consist of male and female reproductive
organs. The kind of reproduction in which the fusion of male and female gametes
takes place is called sexual reproduction.

Organs for reproduction:


The female reproductive organs include ovaries, oviducts, and uterus whereas
the reproductive organs in the male include testes, sperm ducts, and penis. The
ovary produces female gametes called ova (egg cells) and the testes produce
male gametes called sperms.
The fusion of these gametes (ovum and sperm) is called fertilization. The egg
developed after fertilization is called a zygote.

Types of fertilization:
The fertilization can occur inside or outside the parent body, so it is divided into
two types:
(a) Internal Fertilization:
The fertilization taking place inside the body of female species is called internal
fertilization. This phenomenon is observed in human beings and other animals,
for example, hens, cats, dogs, and other mammals.

(b) External fertilization:


The fertilization taking place outside the body of the female species is called
external fertilization. This is generally observed in aquatic animals such as frogs,
fish, etc.
Process of fertilization:
After fertilization, a zygote is formed, which begins to develop into an embryo.
The zygote divides itself repeatedly which results in an embryo, which then gets
embedded in the wall of the uterus and develops into body parts. The stage when
the embryo develops well-defined body parts is called foetus.

Viviparous animals:
Organisms such as humans, cats, cows, and other mammals which give birth to
young ones are called viviparous animals.

Oviparous Animals:
Egg-laying animals are called oviparous animals, e.g., frogs, lizards, butterflies,
etc.
In metamorphosis, the larva is transformed into an adult. It is not observed in
humans but it is observed in insects like butterflies, silkworms, frogs, etc.

2. Asexual Reproduction
This is the type of reproduction in which only a single parent is required. Such a
type of reproduction is called asexual reproduction. Species like hydra, amoeba,
and other microscopic unicellular organisms.

(a) Budding:
In hydra, new individuals develop from buds formed from the parent body. This
method of asexual reproduction by forming buds is called budding.

(b) Binary fission:


When an organism reproduces by dividing itself into two from a single parent,
this type of asexual reproduction is called binary fission. For example,
microscopic organisms like amoeba reproduce by dividing themselves into two.
In this method the organism divides its nucleus into two parts, thus each part
contains a nucleus.

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