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Air Pollution Assignment

The document discusses non-governmental organizations (NGOs), including their concept and role as independent non-profits that provide humanitarian aid. It outlines several types of services NGOs can offer like combating diseases, increasing education, and promoting family planning. It also examines common rules, funding sources, and how NGOs connect internationally.

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Gugine Neve
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14 views

Air Pollution Assignment

The document discusses non-governmental organizations (NGOs), including their concept and role as independent non-profits that provide humanitarian aid. It outlines several types of services NGOs can offer like combating diseases, increasing education, and promoting family planning. It also examines common rules, funding sources, and how NGOs connect internationally.

Uploaded by

Gugine Neve
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ATLANTIC INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY

SCHOOL OF BUSINESS & ECONOMICS

AGOSTINHO PEDRO FERNANDO NEVE

Non-Governmental Organizations

MAPUTO – MOZAMBIQUE
2018
Introduction

This assignment is regarding the Non-Governmental Organizations for the Master


Program of Project Management course in school of business & Economics at Atlantic
International University.

The objective of the assignment is to bring general knowledge about the concept, the
functioning of non-governmental organizations and the services they provide.

1. Non-Governmental Organization Concept

Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) are usually non-profit and sometimes


international organizations independent of governments and international
governmental organizations (though often funded by governments) that are active in
humanitarian, educational, health care, public policy, social, human rights,
environmental, and other areas to affect changes according to their objectives.

NGOs are those private organizations that are independent from the direct control of
any government, are not constituted as a political party, are non-profitmaking and are
not a criminal group (there are non-violent). That is, NGO is an independent voluntary
association of people acting together on a continuous basis, for some common
purpose, other than achieving government office, making money or illegal activities.

Even if some NGOs may in practice be closely identified with a political party, they
generate income from commercial activities, and they may be associated with violent
political protests, an NGO is never constituted as a government bureaucracy, a party,
a company, a criminal organization or a guerrilla group.

2. 6 examples of the types of services that an NGO can provide

The six examples of services provided by NGOs may be the following: (i) combat HIV
AIDS and other diseases, (ii) increase education, (iii) protect the environment, (iv)
reduce the child mortality and improve maternal healthy, (v) Public Policy and (vi)
promotion of the family planning.

Their action may finance directly the operational projects to helps the target group or
can make influences in public politics that may benefit a certain vulnerable group of
people. For example:
 Combat HIV AIDS and other diseases - NGOs can be instrumental in
providing information on HIV infection and AIDS to the public particularly to
special target group populations (the young, women of reproductive age,
prostitutes, and intravenous drug users. Additionally, NGOs can work in policy
advocacy, in providing training for different groups, in providing counselling and
other assistance to those affected by HIV, in screening donated blood, and in
caring for AIDS patients.
 Increase education – some NGO act just to improve a free education in some
countries or in certain group of people that may not study because they have
no such resources to support their studies.
 Promote the family planning – some NGO work in educational,
comprehensive medical or social activities which enable individuals, including
minors, to determine freely the number and spacing of their children and to
select the means by which this may be achieved

3. The common rules that NGOs share


In development of their activity, the common rules that the NGOs shares are the
following:
 Neutrality – NGO doesn´t take side, it doesn´t work with any military group
neither to share information with them;
 Impartiality – the action of NGO is just to respond the needs of the people
without independently of the race, social level, political militance, etc;
 Independence – NGO action is based to achieve their organization objectives,
even if without colligation with political, military or economics organizations.
They can work with them but never for the them.
 Humanitarian aid - The primary objective of humanitarian aid is to save lives,
alleviate suffering, and maintain human dignity by assistance provided for
humanitarian purposes, typically in response to humanitarian crises including
natural disasters and man-made disaster.

4. What are the sources that fund the operations of an NGO?


Major sources of NGO funding are membership dues, the sale of goods and services,
grants from international institutions or national governments, and private donations.
This fund may be:
 Financial resources are probably the most sought-after contribution, as they
provide the ability to purchase a variety of goods and services that may not be
otherwise available. Depending on the source, financial resources may be
targeted to specific expenses or be used at the NGO discretion. Financial
resources can be raised from citizens, businesses, local or international
authorities, or others in a variety of forms and through many means.
 In-kind material donations can help reduce the costs of implementing an
activity significantly. This may include: office supplies needed for the operation
of an NGO; building materials for the reconstruction of community buildings; use
of a car or other vehicle to transport or visit beneficiaries; sports and recreational
equipment for playgrounds or youth programs; food and drink to offer to
volunteers or beneficiaries.
 In-kind intellectual services can be an extremely valuable contribution for
projects that require expensive expert and professional services such as legal,
accounting, medical, psychological, engineering or architectural advice or
assistance.
 Space, such as the free use of a room, office, building, community centre,
school or playground, for regular or special events.
 Volunteer work of local citizens.

5. How are NGOs connected internationally?


A NGO connect internationally when it wants became an International NGO and may
be founded by private philanthropy or as an adjunct to existing international
organizations. This happen when the relationships of the National NGO across country
boundaries, in which at least one of the actors was not a government, namely a NGO.
Some INGOs are operational, meaning that their primary purpose is to foster the
community-based organizations within each country via different projects and
operations.

Some INGOs are advocacy-based, meaning that their primary purpose is to influence
the policy-making of different countries' governments regarding certain issues or
promote the awareness of a certain issue. Many of the large INGOs have components
of both operational projects and advocacy initiatives working together within individual
countries.

6. What personal experience have you had with an NGO? Do you like the
work that they do? Are NGOs effective? Explain.

In 2017, ASCUT Moçambique - Civil Society Alliance against the Land Usurpation in
Mozambique launched the research report called Land Profile in Mozambique. The
report refers among other aspects that communities ask for greater involvement in
decisions about projects, public or private that need vast tracts of land. The fact is
aggravated by the fact that the communities do not have the right to use and use land
regularized by land registry services.

In the same year, the Ministry of Land, Environmental and Rural Development
(MITADER) was organizing the land consulting forum (FCT), the annual event that
make important decisions about land involving all stakeholder in land sectors and I was
a coordinator of organization of this event.

In fact, this NGO contributed in expenses of this event just to create conditions to invite
to this meeting the rural communities that ASCUT assist in land issues. They helped
to provide a biggest conference room and they was responsible to transport those
communities and pay all their expenses.

Conclusion

NGOs are a diverse group of organizations that defy generalization, ranging from small
informal groups to large formal agencies. NGOs play different roles and take different
shapes within and across different societies.

According to the experience knows, it is clear that there is a positive correlation


between sources of funding and financial sustainability of NGOs. This means that
diversification of the sources, proper budgeting and management of the funds leads to
improvement in financial sustainability of the NGOs.

Bibliography

 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-governmental_organization, 11th December


2018;
 https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0/#inbox/FMfcgxvzLrPHBsfjcGmLtVXdtGGtKKs
v?projector=1;
 LEWIS, David, Nongovernmental Organizations, Definition and History;
 WILLETTS, Peter, What is a Non-Governmental Organization?;
 TONË, Andreja, How to mobilize local resources, Ed. Jennifer Stuart, Zagreb,
2004.

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