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Hsslive Xii Maths Lab Exp 31 Application of Integrals

This document discusses using definite integrals to find the area enclosed by curves. It provides examples of finding the area between a curve and the x-axis, as well as areas with portions above and below the x-axis. The document also demonstrates finding the area of a region bounded by two curves, such as a circle and line. Activities guide students to use GeoGebra to calculate areas and observe how the availability of medicine changes over time depending on the administration method.

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murali thindiyil
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503 views4 pages

Hsslive Xii Maths Lab Exp 31 Application of Integrals

This document discusses using definite integrals to find the area enclosed by curves. It provides examples of finding the area between a curve and the x-axis, as well as areas with portions above and below the x-axis. The document also demonstrates finding the area of a region bounded by two curves, such as a circle and line. Activities guide students to use GeoGebra to calculate areas and observe how the availability of medicine changes over time depending on the administration method.

Uploaded by

murali thindiyil
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lab 31

Application of integrals

Aim

• To find the area enclosed by curves using definite integrals


Concepts

• Definite integrals
Discussion
We discuss different methods of finding area enclosed by curves with the help of GeoGebra

Activity 31.1 Area bounded by x axis

If the curve y = f (x) in [a, b] is above the x axis area of the region bounded by the curve, x
axis x = a and x = b is given by
Z b
A= f (x)dx. We can find this using the Input Command Integral(f,a,b)
a
Procedure
• Create two number sliders a and b and In-
put boxes for them
• Draw the graph of the function f (x) = x2 .

• Find the area enclosed by the curve y =


f (x), x axis, x = 0 and x = 2. [For this set
a = 0, b = 2 and give the Input Command
Integral(f,a,b)]

Find the area enclosed by the curve


y = x2 , x axis, between
1) x = −1 and x = 3
2) x = −5 and x = 0
• Create a Input Box for the function f (x).

Find the area enclosed by the curve y = x2 − 1, x axis between x = −1 and x = 1.

Find the required area and complete the following table.

62

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31 Application of integrals 63

Sl.No. Enclosed Region Area


1 y 2 = x, x axis, x = 1, x = 4
x2 y2
2 16 + 9 = 1
3 x2 + y 2 = 4
4 y = sin x, x axis, x = π, x = 2π

• save as Activity33.1

Activity 31.2 Area of a region which is above and below x axis

If a curve lies on both sides of the x axis it is not possible to find its area by direct integration.
We discuss different methods of solving such problems.
Procedure

• Find the area enclosed by the curve y = x2 − 3, x axis x = −3 and x = 3

• Open the applet Activity33.1. Set f (x) = x2 − 3, a = −3 and b = 3.


Z 3
What is the value of x2 − 3dx ?. Give the reason.
−3

What is the area of the portion below the x axis?


[To find this find the points of intersection A and B of
the curve with the x axis and give the input command
Integral(f,x(A),x(B)]

What is the area of the portion above the x axis?

Find the total area of the region.


Alternate Method

• Edit the function as f (x) = |x2 − 3|. Set a = −3 and


b=3

Find the area using the input command Integral(f,a,b)

Find the required area and complete the following table.

Sl.No. Enclosed Region Area


1 y = sin x, x axis, x = 0, x = 2π
2 y = x3 , x axis, x = −2, x = 4
3 y = |x| − 2, x axis, x = −1, x = 3
4 y = 3x + 2, x axis, x = −1, x = 1

√
If the area bounded by the curve y = 3x and the line x = 12 is divided in the ratio 1:7
by the line x = a, then find the value of a. (If necessary change the maximum value of the slider
b)

IT Maths Laboratory Manual

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31 Application of integrals 64

Activity 31.3 Combination of curves

We discuss the methods of finding the area bounded by a combination of curves.

Find the area of the region bounded by the curve x2 + y 2 = 32 and the line y = x.
Procedure
• Draw the circle x2 + y 2 = 32 and the line y = x.

• Identify the enclosed region.


• Mark the point of intersection A of the line with the
circle. Also mark the point of intersection B of the
circle with the x axis.

• Find the area under the line y = x using the input


command a=Integral(x,0,x(A)).
• Find the area under the circle using the input com-
mand b=Integral(sqrt(32-x^2),x(A),x(B)).

Find the required area.


Alternate method
(
x if 0 < x < x(A)
• Define the function as f (x) = √
32 − x2 if x(A) < x < x(B)
For this give the input command f(x)=If(0<x<x(A),x,x(A)<x<x(B),sqrt(32-x^2)

Find the area using the input command Integral(f,0,x(B))

Find the area of the following regions.


√
1) Region in the first quadrant bounded by x axis, the line y = 3x and the circle x2 +y 2 = 4
2) Region lying above x axis and included between the circle x2 + y 2 = 8x and inside of the
parabola y 2 = 4x.
3) Region enclosed between the two circles x2 + y 2 = 4 and (x − 2)2 + y 2 = 4.
4) The Region {(x, y) : 0 ≤ y ≤ x2 , 0 ≤ y ≤ x + 1, 0 ≤ x ≤ 2

Activity 31.A Availability of medicine in the blood

Medicine can be administered to patients in different ways. For a given method let c(t) be the
concentration of the medicine in the blood t hours after the dose is given.Over the time interval
0 ≤ t ≤ a the area between the grapf of c(t) in the interval [0, a] indicates the availability of the
medicine for the patients body over the time.
Since GeoGebra does not have the time axis, we will change the independent variable to x.
Two methods Method 1 and Method II for administrating the medicine is governed by the
functions f (x) and g(x) represented as follows

f (x) = 5(e−0.2x − e−x )

f (x) = 4(e−0.2x − e−3x )


In this activity we try to explore the availability of medicine to the patients body
Procedure

IT Maths Laboratory Manual

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31 Application of integrals 65

• Create a slider a with minimum value 0 and maximum value 24 , corresponding to 24 hour
period

• Create the function f (x)


• Create the function g(x)
• Evaluate the integral of f from 0 to a using integral function .This can be achieved by inputting
Integral(f, 0, a)

• Evaluate the integral of g from 0 to a as above .In the algebra view we can see that two
variables are created for the area of the two figures
• Move the slider a and observe the change in the areas

If 4 is the value of a , which area is more?Which method provides better availability of the
medicine?

If 24 is the value of a, which area is more? Which method provides better availability of
the medicine?

Move the slider in such a way that the areas of both the functions are same.What does
this condition signify in medical perspective?

IT Maths Laboratory Manual

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