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To Construct A Triangular Wave Generator

The document describes constructing a triangular wave generator using an op-amp circuit. It consists of a square wave generator followed by an integrator to convert the square wave to a triangular wave. The circuit diagram and working are explained. The triangular wave has equal rise and fall times unlike a sawtooth wave. The frequency of the triangular wave output is the same as the square wave input and depends on the resistor and capacitor values in the circuit. Applications include sampling circuits, thyristor firing circuits and tone generators.

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Mozammel Hossain
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
456 views

To Construct A Triangular Wave Generator

The document describes constructing a triangular wave generator using an op-amp circuit. It consists of a square wave generator followed by an integrator to convert the square wave to a triangular wave. The circuit diagram and working are explained. The triangular wave has equal rise and fall times unlike a sawtooth wave. The frequency of the triangular wave output is the same as the square wave input and depends on the resistor and capacitor values in the circuit. Applications include sampling circuits, thyristor firing circuits and tone generators.

Uploaded by

Mozammel Hossain
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Experiment Name:To construct a triangular wave generator

Objectives: The main objectives of this experiment are –


(i) how to construct a triangular wave generator using op-amp based electronic circuit
(ii) how to construct a triangular wave from a square wave
(iii) to describe the working of a triangular wave generator
(iv) to know the frequency of oscillation of a triangular wave generator

Theory: A waveform generator is an electronic circuit, which generates a standard wave. There are two types of op-amp based waveform generators −
• Square wave generator
• Triangular wave generator
Triangular Wave Generator Circuit with Op Amp IC 741

A triangular wave generator is an electronic circuit, which generates a triangular wave. An operational amplifier based triangular waveform generator is a simple circuit that is widely
used in function generators. The circuit for Triangular wave generator is designed using 741 op amp.

The block diagram of a triangular wave generator is shown in the following

The block diagram of a triangular wave generator contains mainly two blocks: a square wave generator and an integrator. These two blocks are cascaded. That means, the output of
square wave generator is applied as an input of integrator. Note that the integration of a square wave is nothing but a triangular wave.

Triangular waves are a periodic, non-sinusoidal waveform with a triangular shape. People often get confused between the triangle and sawtooth waves. The most important feature of a

triangular wave is that it has equal rise and fall times while a sawtooth wave has un-equal rise and fall times.

To generate triangular waves we need an input wave. In this project, we are using square waves for input. Like triangular waves, square waves have equal rise and fall times so they are
more convenient to be converted to a triangular waveform.The main parts of this project are 1. A square wave generator 2. An integrator which converts square waves to triangular
waves.

Triangular Wave Generator Circuit Diagram:The circuit uses an opamp based square wave generator for producing the square wave and an opamp based integrator
for integrating the square wave. The circuit diagram is shown in the figure below.
Working of the Op-Amp Based Triangular Wave Generator

We have seen that, the output of integrator is a Triangular Wave Generator Using Op amp if its input is a square wave. This means that a Triangular Wave Generator Using Op amp can be
formed by simply connecting an integrator to the square wave generator.

Basically triangular wave is generated by alternatively charging and discharging a capacitor with a constant current. This is achieved by connecting integrator circuit at the output of
square wave generator as shown in the figure above.

Assume that V’ is high at +Vsat. This forces a constant current (+Vsat/R3) through C (left to right) to drive Vo negative linearly. When V’ is low at —Vsat, it forces a constant current (—
Vsat /R3) through C (right to left) to drive Vo positive, linearly. The frequency of the triangular wave is same as that of square wave. This is illustrated in Figure below.

Although the amplitude of the square wave is constant (± Vsat), the amplitude of the triangular wave decreases with an increase in its frequency, and vice versa. This is because the
reactance of capacitor decreases at high frequencies and increases at low frequencies. In practical circuits, resistance R4 is connected across C to avoid the saturation problem at low
frequencies as in the case of practical integrator as shown in the Figure below

To obtain stable triangular wave at the output, it is necessary to have 5R3 C2 > T/2, where T is the period of the square wave input.

The time period of the output of the square wave generator is T = 2 x 2.303 Rf C x log((2R2+R1)/R1) which is the same for triangular wave generator. Frequency of the output f = 1/T

Applications:
The applications of triangular wave include sampling circuits, thyristor firing circuits, frequency generator circuits, tone generator circuits etc.

Procedure :

For Triangular wave generator

1.Connect the circuit as per the circuit diagram as shown in fig 2

2.Observe triangular wave at Vo as shown in fig 3

3.Plot the waveforms on the graph sheet.

4.Calculate the frequency theoretically and compare them with the practical one.
Precaution :

According to my lab assignment manual

Result & Discussion :

This part is your observations

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