LA SALLE UNIVERSITY

Ozamiz City

COLLEGE OF COMPUTER STUDIES, ENGINEERING

AND ARCHITECTURE

DESIGN 8
(Architectural Design 8: Design of Complex Structure)

FINAL ASSIGNMENT

TITLE:
(Research and Discussion)

SUBMITTED TO:
Ar. Rex N. Dago-an, UAP

SUBMITTED BY:
AJ MARC C. CALIB-OG
INSTRUCTION:

1. Discuss thoroughly according to your understanding and incite base on what we have discuss
2. Reference: Time Saver standard for Architectural Data
3. At least 100 words each answer

QUESTIONS:

1. The Difference between a SUBSTRUCTURE and a STRUCTURE?

Ans: The portion of a building that extends below the ground level and is known as the substructure is
called the basement. The substructure is responsible for transferring loads from the overlying
superstructure to the ground below. As a result, the substructure has direct contact with the soil that is
providing support. The footing and plinth of a building are both included in the substructure. whereas,
the term "structure" in the context of building construction refers to the process of putting together
various elements of construction, with the goal of serving a useful purpose. This method needs to
effectively support the building and transmit any loads that might be placed on it to the ground below.

2. The relationship between STRUCTURAL and ENVIRONMENTAL FORCES?

Ans: When it comes to building construction, the term "structural system" refers to the particular
method that is used to assemble and construct the structural elements of a building in such a way that
they safely support and transmit applied loads to the ground without exceeding the allowable stresses
in the members of the building. while The term "built environment" refers to the surroundings that
have been made by humans and that serve as the backdrop for human activities. Built environments
can range in scale from individual buildings and parks or other green space to entire neighborhoods
and cities, and they frequently include the infrastructure that supports them, such as networks of
energy or water supply.
3. What are the functions of the WALL SYSTEM in a Building?

Ans: The primary purpose of a wall is to enclose or divide the space that is being occupied. The wall, in
its most basic form, is an important part of the structure. It's possible to construct these walls out of a
variety of materials, including solid brick or stone masonry, plain monolithic concrete, reinforced
masonry, hollow concrete blocks, and so on. In buildings, the function of walls is to provide support for
the roof, floors, and ceilings; to enclose a space as part of the building envelope along with the roof to
give buildings form; and to provide protection and shelter for the occupants of the building.

4. Give at least 4-Different roofing design in 4-different environment? (4-answers)

Ans: -Clay tiles are a type of roofing material that is frequently used in regions that experience high
temperatures, high levels of humidity, and tropical climates. Clay tiles are not only an excellent choice
for the architectural styles of homes that are common in such climates, but they are also an excellent
choice for the kinds of weather that are typical in such regions.
 -Rubber roofing can be designed to look like a variety of other roofing materials, including clay, slate,
or even wood. It is recommended for use in climates that are both hot and cold.
-Concrete may be a heavy material for roofing, but it is also relatively inexpensive, resistant to heat and
fire, and long-lasting. Additionally, concrete is durable. Because it does not quickly absorb heat, many
people believe that it is the ideal material for roofing in hot climates.
- As long as asphalt shingles are treated with algaecides, they can withstand high levels of humidity
without becoming brittle. Because of their ability to attract heat, they are also an excellent choice for
regions that experience

5. What are the purposes of the Interior Elements of the Building in the over-all function?

a. Floor

Ans: In most cases, a floor will offer the following benefits: structural support for the items in
the room, the people living in the room, and the weight of the floor itself. The ability to
withstand the onslaught of heat, moisture, and sound. A surface finish that can have an effect
on the look, the feel, and the acoustics of a space. Power and perseverance are essential.
resistance to both the elements and the moisture in the ground. Longevity while requiring no
routine maintenance
b. Partitions

Ans: A partition wall is a relatively thin wall that is built to divide an interior space into multiple
sections. Typically, it is built as a wall that does not bear any load and serves to facilitate the
division of space while also offering benefits such as improved acoustics, privacy, and fire
separation. In addition to this, it helps to provide layout flexibility for the building. Internal
spaces of a building are typically segmented into rooms and circulation areas such as corridors
via the use of vertical dividers known as partition walls.
c. Ceiling system

Ans: Ceilings play an important role in the enclosing and separating of spaces, as well as in the
regulation of the spread of light and sound within a room and the prevention of the
transmission of sound from one room to another. Ceilings play an important role in the
enclosing and separating of spaces, as well as in the regulation of the spread of light and sound
within a room and the prevention of the transmission of sound from one room to another.
d. Staircases

Ans: They have the potential to look interesting. They have the potential to create a visual
barrier that will add an element of privacy between floors. If you contain them within walls, you
can reduce the amount of sound that travels. The central landing on a flight of stairs helps to
mitigate the overall risk of falling down the stairs. Make sure there is a way to get from one
floor to the next. Make sure there is a secure way to get from one floor to the next. Ensure that
 there is a convenient way to move between floors. Make sure there is a safe way out of the
building in case there is a fire.

6. Discuss Building Utilities and its significant uses:

a. Plumbing and Sanitary System
Ans: The most important function that a plumbing system should fulfill is to supply clean water
to every residential and commercial building while simultaneously removing all wastewater
from those buildings. These two aspects will cooperate to make everyone's health more
pleasant and risk-free through their combined efforts. The term "public sewer system" is often
used interchangeably with "sanitary sewer system." The term "plumbing system" refers to the
water supply, distribution, and disposal piping on the property, as well as the appliances and
equipment that are attached to those pipes, between the connection points of those pipes to a
public or private system.
b. Electrical System
Ans: An electrical system is a network of conductors and equipment that is designed to carry,
distribute, and convert electrical power in a safe manner from the point of delivery or
generation to the various loads around the building that consume the electrical energy. In the
context of a building, an electrical system is referred to as an electrical distribution system. The
power that is required to keep the building well-lit at all times comes from the building's
electrical system. When it comes to nighttime safety, the importance of the lighting system
cannot be overstated. In order to conduct effective surveillance, security guards need access to
lighting systems.
c. Electronic System
Ans: The design of the electrical system provides solutions to problems that are associated with
the design and development of the system to ensure that it is cost-effective, safe, and reliable.
In addition to this, this also includes lighting, earthing, electrical layouts, and voltage drop.
Design is a tool that is utilized by engineers in the process of producing, transporting, and
distributing electricity.
d. Mechanical System
Ans: A set of physical components that can convert the motion and force of an input into the
motion and force of an output that is desired is called a mechanical system. At a minimum,
mechanical systems consist of three components: the input, the process, and the output. Any
kind of motion or force that acts as a driver for the mechanical system is considered to be part
of the system's input.
e. Fire Protection System
Ans: The purpose of a fire protection system is to protect the occupants of a building and to
reduce the amount of property damage that a fire can cause. In general, the objective is to
provide the greatest possible window of opportunity for a safe evacuation while simultaneously
minimizing the potential costs of repairs. Both active and passive methods of fighting fires are
viable options for fire protection systems. They typically determine the presence of fire by
detecting smoke or heat, and their primary function is to either activate systems that put out
 fires or notify building occupants as well as the fire department. Fire sprinklers and other
extinguishing systems are designed to either put out the fire entirely or keep it under control.
f. HVAC
Ans: Controlling the atmosphere in which a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning system
operates is one of its primary goals. This is accomplished by regulating the temperature of a
space through the use of heating and cooling systems. In addition to this, it regulates the
movement and distribution of air within the room, which in turn regulates the level of humidity
present in the environment. The purpose of Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC)
systems is to ensure the occupants of a building continue to feel secure and comfortable.
Components of heating and air conditioning help us by controlling the climate inside the
building and ensuring adequate airflow. As a result, we are protected from extremes of
temperature and do not perspire uncontrollably.