AVIGNA TUTORIALS

BY AVANTIKA SINGH AND ADITYA MAHAJAN

English Class 11
SECTION A- ASSIGNMENT

PASSAGE 1

Read the passage given below

1. Convenient inexpensive, nutritious, good for you and delicious: they have
it all ǃ Peanuts are the most popular and consumed nuts in the United
States and can be found nearby everywhere. Perfect for a quick snack, a
handful of these nuts provide a highly nutrient food for less than 200
calories.
2. According to the Peanut Institute, the peanut plant originated in South
America, probably first domesticated and cultivated in the valleys of
Paraguay. Spread by European explorers and traders, the plant eventually
reached Asia, Africa and North America. Millions of peanuts are grown
and consumed around the world. Peanut started to be produced in large
quantities in the 1900s due to the growing popularity of peanut butter,
peanut candies and other peanut products.
3. Although peanuts come in many varieties, four main type can be found in
the United States: Virginia Peanuts, Runner Peanuts, Spanish Peanuts and
Valencia Peanuts. Peanuts are a wonderful food, rich in nutrients and
flavour. The combination of fibre and protein in peanuts satiates hunger.
Thus eating peanuts helps manage weight and provides the key nutrients
that are important to diets. Peanuts are also natural energy boosters that
contain healthy fats, proteins and antioxidants. Research shows that
eating peanuts can decrease your risk of heart disease, diabetes and other
chromic health conditions. Peanut butter is also full of the good kind of
fat also known as monounsaturated fat that is heart-healthy and prevents
belly fat that people get from carbohydrates or saturated fat.
4. For centuries, peanuts have been used in many culinary applications,
including Chinese, African and Western cooking- in stews, sauces, mixed
dishes, boiled or even plain-nourishing various populations with an
enjoyable flavour. The great advantages of using peanuts in the kitchen
 are their availability and affordability. Peanut oil is also becoming a
popular option for cooking because of its healthy fats and high cooking
temperature.
5. Pureed peanut is also great to infuse nutty goodness into a variety of
dishes such as soups, sauces, bread mixes, salsa recipes, salad dressing
and pasta dishes. For those who like hummus, pureed peanut and
chickpeas are a great combination. On the sweet side peanuts are
commonly used for ice cream, brownie mix or cake batter. Peanut flour is
an asset for pastry chefs because of its ability to act as a fat binder in
confectionery product or to add flavour and extend shelf-life.
6. A long-time American favourite, peanut offer countless properties and
natural nutrition to all populations and age groups, peanuts enhance the
flavour and boost the nutritional value of food dishes from breakfast and
snacks to dinner and dessert. As a nut, oil, flour or butter, peanuts are a
very versatile and tasty ingredient.

On the basis of your understanding of the above passage, any any ten
questions from the eleven given below.
(a) Peanut plant was made popular by______
(i) Asian traders
(ii) European explorers and traders
(iii) South American explorers and traders
(iv) African traders and explorers
(b) Peanut is known for its_______
(i) Fibre and protein
(ii) Fibre and vitamins
(iii) Fibre and nutrition
(iv) Protein and vitamins
(c) ______ are responsible for belly fat.
(i) Unsaturated fat and carbohydrates
(ii) Carbohydrates and fatty acids
(iii) Carbohydrates and saturated fat
(iv) Monounsaturated fat
(d) Peanut oil has_____
(i) Low cooking temperature
(ii) Highly flammable quality
(iii) High cooking temperature
(iv) Highly inflamable quality
(e) Roots of peanuts can be traced to_____
(i) Asia
 (ii) Paraguay
(iii) America
(iv) North America
(F) Pastry chefs love peanuts because of its______
(i) Greasy nature
(ii) Fat binder
(iii)Fat thinner
(iv)Non greasy nature
(a) Peanut started growing in abundance in the early_____
(i) Eighteenth century
(ii) Nineteenth century
(iii) Twentieth century
(iv) Twenty-first century
(b) Intake of peanut_______
(c) Decreases heart diseases
(i) Increases heart diseases
(ii) Increases diabetes
(iii) Makes you prone to lung cancer
(i)______ in para 4 means connected with cooking.
(i) nourishing
(ii) culinary
(iii) affordability
(iv)stews
(d) The synonym of ‘satisfy’ in para 3 is____
(i) Saturated
(ii) Boosters
(iii) Satiate
(iv) Natural
(e) The opposite of ‘decrease’ in para 6 is______
(i) Ingredient
(ii) Countless
(iii) Versatile
(iv) Boost
 PASSAGE 2

Read the passage given below:

1. India continues to enjoy the No. 1 position as the following technology,
business outsourcing and consulting destination of the past two decades.
In fact, the other emerging powerhouses of the BRIC nations are all hot
destinations for future investments.
2. But we cannot rest on our laurels. It is imperative that we strive to
become the finest research hub the world has ever seen. We can achieve
this distinction by investing in our schools-the places where future
generations will develop the skills and resources that will drive our
country’s economic growth.
3. The Royal Society’s seminal 2011 report, ‘Knowledge, Networks and
Nations: Global Scientific Collaboration in the 21st Century’, states that
even in the difficult economic times we now face, national governments
need to maintain investment in their science base “in order to secure
economic prosperity, tap into new sources of innovation and growth, and
sustain vital connections across the global research landscape.”
4. Currently, a mere 0.25% of India’s GDP is spent on research and
development (R/D). The government proposes to step this up 2% of GDP,
with half of that amount coming from private industry and half from the
public sector. While admirable in its intentions, the goal falls short. Israel,
for example, spends 6% of its GDP on scientific research. Switzerland
and Sweden both spend 4% of their GDPs on research, and even China is
approaching 2%.
5. India is in danger of falling behind other nations other nations in the race
to build an advanced, 21st-century economy. True, the country has
increased its expenditures on education as a percentage of GDP to 4%
during the 2011-12 school year from 3.3% in 2004-05. But compared to
the other BRIC countries, we need to do more. Brazil, for instance,
spends some 5.7% of its GDP on education. Smaller developing nations
like Ethiopia spend 4.7%, and even Botswana spends 7.8% of its GDP on
education, according to the World Bank.
6. Make no mistake: India needs a sustainable pipeline of scientific
research. To build this pipeline, it is imperative to have strong
investments in education. A population grounded in the science will
strengthen our industries and government. Our nation will have home-
grown minds working on the myriad problems facing society and
 improving the lives of everyone. The responsibility for this task lies not
just with government but with private industry, schools, families and
individuals.
7. I encourage young scientists and students to consider careers in research-
whether in corporate laboratories or academic institutions. In the private
sector, my colleagues and I set up the Infosys Science Foundation (ISF), a
not-for-profit trust, to promote scientific research in India. The ISF has
set up a series of public lectures by the winners of the Infosys Prize that
we hope will kindle a spark of interest in young minds. We hope also to
make role models of the Infosys Prize winners- the Sachin Tendulkars of
science, if you will-that youngsters will want to follow:
8. The high point of our year is when we award the award the Infosys Prize
to honour the outstanding achievements of researchers and scientists in
the fields of engineering and computer science, humanities, life science,
mathematics, physical sciences and social sciences. The Infosys Prize
highlights the impact research has had on areas important to India’s
growth.
9. One of our recent winners, Professor Kalyanmoy Deb, was honoured for
his work in engineering and computer science. His research has led to
advances in the areas of nonlinear constrains, decision uncertainty,
programming and numerical methods, computational efficiency of large-
scale problems and optimisation algorithms. His work has profound
implications on a range of practical ideas-from how the financial markets
operate to how we can find sources of fuel in the future. The winner of
the Infosys Prize in life science, Dr Imran Siddiqui, worked on clonal
seed formation in plants that has significant implications for agriculture,
especially in the developing world. The work of our winners is
meaningful, impactful and inspiring.
On the basis of your understanding of the above passage, any any ten
questions from the eleven given below.
(a) India can look for future business outsourcing opportunities in____.
(i) The emerging powerhouses of the BRIC nations
(ii) The Royal Society
(iii) Switzerland and Sweden
(iv) Smaller developing nations like Ethiopia
(b) The Royal Society’s report has indicated that national governments need
to_____
(i) Develop skills and resources like western nations
(ii) Encourage young scientists to go abroad
(iii) Maintain investment in their scientific base.
 (iv) Have strong investments in America
(c) To build a strong pipeline in scientific research India needs to____
(i) Get scientists from developing nations like Botswana
(ii) Set up a series of public lectures by scientists
(iii) Build an advanced 21st century economy
(iv) Have strong investments in education
(d) We can become the finest research hub by investing in ____.
(i) Our schools
(ii) Our hospital
(iii) Foreign countries
(iv) Our agriculture
(e) India has increased its expenditure on education as a percentage of GDP
to___
(i) 3.3% in 2011-12
(ii) 4.5% in 2011-12
(iii) 4% in 2011-12
(iv) 4.7% in 2011-12
(f) India spends _____its GDP on R/D.
(i) 6%
(ii) 3%
(iii) 0.25%
(iv) 2%
(g) The industries and government can be strengthened by_____
(h) Investment in technology
(i) Investment in business outsourcing
(j) Investment in education
(k)Investment in economy
(h) The ISF is_____
(i) a non-for-profit organisation
(ii) taking scientific research ahead
(iii) encouraging youth’s interest
(iv)a non-for profit trust
(i) India is in danger of falling behind other nations_____
(i) If we do no invest more on scientific researches
(ii) If we do not invest more on education
(iii) If we do not invest more on technology
(iv) Both(i) and (iii)
 (j) The synonym of ‘vital’ in para 2 is_____
(i) strive
(ii) distinction
(i) Imperative
(ii) Laurds
(k)The antonym of ‘torment’ in para 3 is____
(i) sustain
(ii) innovation
(iii)prosperity
(iv)collaboration