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Module 3 Titrimetric Analysis

This document discusses acid-base titrations and provides examples of calculating concentrations from titration data. It explains that a titration involves using a buret to add a solution of known concentration (titrant) to a sample (analyte) until the equivalence point is reached. Indicators are used to detect the endpoint visually. Two examples are given showing the calculation of molarity of an acid from its titration with a base of known concentration.

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Nikoh Anthony Ewayan
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78 views

Module 3 Titrimetric Analysis

This document discusses acid-base titrations and provides examples of calculating concentrations from titration data. It explains that a titration involves using a buret to add a solution of known concentration (titrant) to a sample (analyte) until the equivalence point is reached. Indicators are used to detect the endpoint visually. Two examples are given showing the calculation of molarity of an acid from its titration with a base of known concentration.

Uploaded by

Nikoh Anthony Ewayan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Page 1 of 3 Joey Estorosos (USJ-R)

Module 3: Titrimetric Analysis

Acid-Base Titrations

A titration analysis involves the use of a buret (Figure 1) to make incremental additions of a
solution containing a known concentration of some substance (titrant) to a sample solution
containing the substance whose concentration is to be measured (analyte), (Figure 2). The titrant and
analyte undergo a chemical reaction of known stoichiometry, and so measuring the volume of titrant
solution required for complete reaction with the analyte (the equivalence point of the titration)
allows calculation of the analyte concentration.

Figure 1: Burette Figure 2: Acid-Base Titration Set-up

The equivalence point of a titration may be detected visually if a distinct change in the
appearance of the sample solution accompanies the completion of the reaction. The halt of bubble
formation in the classic vinegar analysis is one such example, though, more commonly, special dyes
called indicators are added to the sample solutions to impart a change in color at or very near the
equivalence point of the titration. The volume of titrant actually measured is called the endpoint.

Figure 3:
Titration

Endpoint refers to the point at which the indicator changes color in an acid-base titration. So
the addition of an indicator to the analyte solution helps us to visually spot the equivalence point in
an acid-base titration. Commonly used indicators such as methyl orange; colors red on its acidic side
and changes to yellow on its basic side, and phenolphthalein; colorless on its acidic side and changes
to pink on its basic side.
Page 2 of 3 Joey Estorosos (USJ-R)

Example:

1. The end point in a titration of a 50.00-mL sample of aqueous HCl was reached by
addition of 35.23 mL of 0.250 M NaOH titrant. The titration reaction is as follows,

HCl (aq) + NaOH (aq) NaCl (aq) + H2O (l)

What is the molarity of the HCl?

Solution:

For the solution of this example, it follows the following steps:

Volume Moles of Moles of Concentration


of NaOH NaOH HCl of HCl
Molar Stoichiometric Solution
Concentration Factor Volume

0.250 mol NaOH


Molar Concentration of NaOH : 0.250 M or
1 L NaOH
1 mol HCl
Stoichiometric Factor :
1 mol NaOH

Thus, the molar concentration of HCl is calculated as follows;


1 L NaOH 0.250 mol NaOH 1 mol HCl
35.23 ml NaOH x x x = 0.00881 mol HCl
1000 ml NaOH 1 L NaOH 1 mol NaOH

Using the provided volume of HCl solution and the definition of molarity, the HCl
concentration is:

mol HCl
M=
L Solution

0.00881 mol HCl


M=
1 L Solution
50.00 ml x
1000ml

0.176 mol HCl


M=
1 L Solution

M= 0.176 M
Page 3 of 3 Joey Estorosos (USJ-R)

Example:

2. An unknown molarity of HCl acts as the analyte, 25 mL of it is placed into a flask


and a 0.1 M solution of NaOH will be the titrant. The color of the solution changes
when 5 mL of 0.1 M NaOH is added.

The balanced neutralization reaction:

HCl (aq) + NaOH (aq) NaCl (aq) + H2O (l)

0.1 mol NaOH


Molar Concentration of NaOH :
1 L NaOH

1 mol HCl
Stoichiometric Factor :
1 mol NaOH

1 L NaOH 0.1 mol NaOH 1 mol HCl


5 ml NaOH x x x = 0.0005 mol HCl
1000 ml NaOH 1 L NaOH 1 mol NaOH

0.0005 mol HCl


M= 1 L Solution = 0.02 M HCl
25 ml x 1000ml

Test Yourself

1. A 20.00-mL sample of aqueous oxalic acid, H2C2O4, was titrated with a 0.09113 M
solution of permanganate.

2 MnO4- (aq) + 5 H2C2O4 (aq) + 6 H+ 10 CO2 (g) + 2 Mn2+ (aq) + 8 H2O (l)

A volume of 23.24 mL was required to reach the end point. What is the molarity of
oxalic acid?

0.09113 mol MnO4−


Molar Concentration of MnO4- : 0.09113 M or
1 L MnO4−
5 mol H2C2O4
Stoichiometric Factor :
2 mol MnO4−

Answer:
1. Molarity of H2C2O4 = 0.2648 M

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