SM4-A

10
Science
Quarter 4 – Module 1A Gases: Its
Properties and the Kinetic
Molecular Theory

Self-Learning Module

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Science - Grade 10
Self-Learning Module
Quarter 4 – Module 1A – Gases: Its Properties and the Kinetic
Molecular Theory
First Edition, 2021

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Published by the Department of Education

Schools Division Superintendent: Gladys Amylaine D. Sales, CESO VI
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent: Peter J. Galimba PhD

Development Team of the Self Learning Module

Writer: April Rose C. Morales

Editors: Pamela Grace E. Justiniani, Osward P. Acebedo
Reviewers: Edna Rose P. Gueco , Osward P. Acebedo
Illustrator: April Rose C. Morales, Belle Angelica A. Seva
Layout Artist: April Rose C. Morales
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Ellen G. Dela Cruz

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 Introductory Message

For the facilitator:

This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is a stand-alone resource material in Science
which is intended for the learners of the Division of Bacolod City. Learners who do not
have online accessibility or who do not want to risk face-to-face learning may utilize
this module. This includes a learner-friendly pretest, self-check exercises, and other
modes of instructions for learners and teachers who are geographically remote from
each other. This covers topics in Grade 10 in the 4th Quarter with corresponding
activities for learners to achieve the most essential learning competencies and lesson
objectives.
Each exercise in this module is designed for independent learning and practice.
However, ensure that the learners’ parents, elder siblings, guardians or relatives at
home will guide and support them as they accomplish the given tasks. Furthermore,
explain to students that taking the tests diligently will allow them to learn their lessons
for their academic progress. Most importantly, remind them to answer the given
activities on a separate answer sheet and handle this module with utmost care.

For the learner:

This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is a learner-friendly resource material in
Science which is specifically designed for your learning needs and progress. Your
patience and dedication in reading and answering the exercises will help you
successfully achieve the objectives. You are free to ask assistance from your teachers,
parents, siblings, friends, and family members whom you think can help you best.
Read each lesson carefully and follow the instructions for your activities.
Remember to answer the given exercises in a separate sheet of paper. When
you are done, kindly submit it to your teacher who will check and evaluate your level
of competency.

You can do it! Good luck and God bless.

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Parts of the Self-Learning Module
The following are the parts of this module that will help you finish your tasks.
Read the following descriptions below to better understand each part.

This part will be your guide to learn in the

I Need to Know specific lessons specifically your skills and
competencies.

This contains a 10-item pre-test that will

I Will Check on This
check what you already know.

This section will give you the topic,

Lesson Overview information and concepts as a brief
discussion for you to learn.

It is in this part that the new lesson will be

introduced to you in different ways: a story, a
I Will Do This poem, a problem opener, an activity, or a
situation. You will be given specific
instructions on how to go about the activity.

In this part helps you generalize your

I Learned This understanding of the concepts. This includes
a short fill-in the blanks summary of the topic.

This provides you questions and exercises to

I Practice This help you deepen your understanding of the
concept.

This section includes an activity or exercises

I Apply This that will help you apply your knowledge into
real-life situations

This is composed of 10-item exercises to

I Test Myself assess if you have attained the learning
competency.

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.

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 I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
investigate the relationship between: 1. Volume and pressure at constant
temperature of a gas, 2. Volume and temperature at constant pressure of a gas,
and 3. Explains these relationships using the kinetic molecular theory (S10MT-
IVa-b-21). The scope of this module allows you to use it in many different learning
situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students.
The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order
in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now
using. This module will cover lessons on Gases –Its Properties and the Kinetic
Molecular Theory.

After going through this module, you are expected to

1. discuss the properties of gases using the activity
2. describe the Kinetic Molecular Theory.

Gases: Its Properties and the

Lesson
Kinetic Molecular
Theory

Lesson Overview

Gases are found everywhere. During inhalation process, it enters our body as
we inhale and exhale. Whenever we use perfume spray or aerosol spray, we
encounter gases. Inflating and deflating a balloon, gases were also involved. Even
when we open our refrigerator, gases escaped in a pressurized system.

Gases exhibit different properties that made them unique to other states of
matter. Expansibility is one of its properties where when you increase the spaces in
between its molecules, the temperature is also increased. On the other hand,
compressibility is the ability of gases to become compressed if the temperature is
decreased.

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 Furthermore, diffusibility is the ability of gases to diffuse or intermingle with
the molecules of other substances. This is exhibited when you cook “bagoong”. You
can smell the sautéd garlic and bagoong at a distance because the molecules of the
sauted garlic and bagoong mingled with the molecules of the air. This phenomenon
can be further explained by the kinetic theory of gases.

In the 18th century Jan Baptista Van Helmont was the first to use the word
“gas”. He derived the term from the Greek word “chaos”, which means formless mass.
He felt that gases were a disordered, formless type of matter and can be found
anywhere.

Kinetic Molecular Theory explains the properties and behavior of gases. The
theory is based on four (4) postulates. (Note: The term “molecule” will be used to refer
to the individual chemical species that compose the gas, although some gases are
composed of atomic species, for example, the noble gases.)

It’s four (4) postulates include:

Postulate #1: Gases are composed of molecules. The distances from molecule
to molecule are far greater than the molecules’ dimensions. These molecules can be
considered as spherical bodies which possess negligible mass and volume.

Figure 1. Molecules of Gases

Postulate #2: Gas molecules are always in constant random motion and they
frequently collide with each other and with the walls of the container. Collisions among
molecules are perfectly elastic, that is, energy may transfer from molecule to
molecule as the result of collision, but the total energy of all the molecules in the
system remains the same/constant.

Figure 2. Molecules of Gases in Random Motion

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 Postulate #3: There is a negligible attractive or repulsive force between or
among gas molecules.

Figure 3. Molecules of Gases with attractive and repulsive forces

Postulate #4: Movement of gas molecules is affected by absolute temperature.

The average kinetic energy of the molecules is directly related to absolute temperature
of gas.

Figure 4. Molecules of Gases exhibiting Kinetic Energy

In this lesson, you will describe the behavior of gas molecules inside
a bubble and a balloon. Let’s find out.

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 I Will Do This
Activity 1: Like a Bubble, Like a Balloon

In the activity below, you will be able to describe the behavior of gas
molecules inside a bubble and a balloon.

Materials:

1 pc Large cup
1/2 cup dish soap
1 1/2 cups water
2 teaspoons sugar
1 pc Improvised Bubble Wand (Bent Wire)
1 Balloon or ice wrapper

Procedure:
A. Like a Bubble
• Making Bubbles
1. Prepare a large cup.
2. Pour 1/2 cup of dishwashing soap into the cup.
3. Add 1 1/2 cups of water.
4. Measure 2 teaspoons of sugar and add it to the water/soap mixture.
5. Gently stir your mixture.
6. Get your improvised bubble wand (bent wire) and blow bubbles!
• Bubble Comparison
1. Compare the bubbles made by:
a. Blowing
b. Scooping the wand in the air
2. Note the size of the bubble made on each manner of producing bubbles.

B. Like a Balloon
1. Inflate a balloon. Make sure it is not too big nor too small.
2. Tie the balloon tightly.
3. Press the balloon gently.
4. Observe what happens.

Analysis Questions
1. Describe the size of bubbles made in terms of:
a. Blowing:
b. Scooping the wand in the air: _
Note: Use descriptors Bigger or Smaller in describing.
2. Which among the bubbles made stayed longer floating in the air?
_
3. Why do you think it stayed longer in the air?
_

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4. Considering that there is gas present inside the balloon, describe the arrangement
of gases inside the balloon.
_
5. What do you think happened to the gas particles inside the balloon when you
pressed it? How would you compare it to the balloon which was not pressed?
_
_
6. How would you describe gas particles based on the activity conducted?
_
_

I Practice This

Instruction: Identify and underline the possible weakness or flaws in the

postulates. Write TRUE if the postulate is accurate and FALSE if the postulate is
flawed.

Postulates
1. A gas consists of a collection of small particles traveling in straight line motion.
2. The molecules in a gas do not occupy space and have negligible mass and
volume.
3. Collisions between molecules are perfectly elastic.
4. There are negligible, attractive, or repulsive forces between molecules.
5. The gas molecules are always in constant random motion and they frequently
collide with each other

I Apply This

In the picture below shows the practical application of Kinetic Molecular

Theory in Refrigeration System. Complete the description below. Choose your
answer inside the box.
Choices:
increase
decrease
compressed
expands
cooler
warmed

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 Modern refrigeration is a practical application of the kinetic molecular theory.
When Freon gas is 1. _ , the walls moving inward (or piston) adds
kinetic energy to the molecules which in turn causes the gas to 2. _ _
in temperature. The 3. _ gas is allowed to pass through
external cooling coils to dissipate the extra heat into the environment, then the gas 4.
again (walls moving away slow down molecules) to become 5.
and absorb heat inside fridge then start the cycle again.

I Learned This

I have learned that gases exhibit different properties that made them unique to
other states of matter. I have learned that the properties of gases are:

PROPERTIES OF GASES DESCRIPTION

I have learned that Kinetic Molecular Theory explains the properties and
behavior of gases. The theory is based on four (4) postulates. I have learned that the
four postulates are:

POSTULATES DESCRIPTION ILLUSTRATION

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 I Test Myself

Multiple Choice. Read each item carefully. Select the letter of the best answer.

1. A gas confined in a closed container is cooled. Which of the following does NOT
happen to the gas?
A. The gas molecules move slower.
B. The gas molecules collide with the wall of the container less frequently.
C. The gas molecules settle to the bottom of the container.
D. The gas molecules collide with each other less frequently.

2. As gas molecules collide, what happens?

A. They stick together. C. Their kinetic energies are conserved.
B. They lose their kinetic energies. D. They will explode.

3. Which statement about gas is NOT true?

A. It is incompressible.
B. It expands when heated.
C. It has lesser density than solid and liquid.
D. It has no definite shape and no definite volume.

4. The average kinetic energy of gas molecules is measured by their _ .

A. pressure B. temperature C. volume D. density

5. When air is added into an automobile tire, which of the following does NOT
happen?
A. The gas density increases.
B. The gas molecules move faster.
C. The gas molecules collide more frequently.
D. The space between the molecules decreases.

Reflection
Why do you think the knowledge of KMT is important in storing an LPG tank
properly?
_
_
_
_

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 Module1A: Gases –Its Properties and the Kinetic
Molecular Theory
I Practice This I Will Do This
1. TRUE Analysis Questions
2. FALSE 1. a. bigger 4. The gas particles were far from each
3. TRUE b. smaller other.
4. TRUE 2. The bubbles that stayed 5. Compared to the balloon which was not
5. TRUE longer in air is the bubbles that pressed, the gas particles became closer
were blown. with each other.
3. Because it was bigger. More 6. Gas particles are far from each other
gases were trapped inside the because of the big spaces between them. As
I Apply This bubble. a result, they can move freely. Gas particles
1.compressed are easily compressed and expanded.
2.increase
3.warmed I Learned This
4.expands
5.cooler

I Test Myself
1. C
2. C
3. A
4. B
5. B

Reflection (students answers may vary)

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Multiple Choice. Read each item carefully. Select the letter of the best answer.
1. Which of the following is NOT a basic assumption of the Kinetic Molecular
Theory?
A. GASES consists of molecules in constant motion in straight-line paths.
B. The temperature of a gas is proportional to the average kinetic energy of the
molecules.
C. The collision between gas molecules and with the walls of the container are
perfectly elastic.
D. Since the collisions of the molecules are perfectly elastic, there is a strong
attractive force between molecules in the gaseous state.
2. It is advisable not to remove the tab of a can of a warm soft drink after shaking
it vigorously.
A. compressibility B. diffusibility C. expansibility D. low-density
3. The freshness of flowers reaches our nose.
A. compressibility B. diffusibility C. expansibility D. low-density
4. Helium gas is used to inflate balloons.
A. compressibility B. diffusibility C. expansibility D. low-density
5. The light of a candle will be extinguished when it is placed under an inverted
jar or bottle.
A. compressibility B. diffusibility C. expansibility D. low-density
6. All of the following proves that gas diffuses EXCEPT
A. Moisture in air forms into clouds
B. The sweet fragrance of perfume spreads in a room.
C. The aroma of the coffee is confined in one corner of the room.
D. The spirit of ammonia can still be inhaled in the other room.
7. As gas molecules collide, which will not happen?
A. They stick together. C. Their kinetic energies are conserved.
B. They gain their kinetic energies. D. They will explode.
8. What do you call the process at which molecules are spreading out
spontaneously to uniformly occupying a space?
A. diffusion B. pressure C. compressibility D. expansion
9. Which of the following statements about the kinetic molecular theory of gases
is FALSE?
A. Gases move faster at high temperatures.
B. Gas particles move at high speeds.
C. There is strong attractive force between gas molecules.
D. Particles of a gas move rapidly in all directions.
10. Which of the following properties DOES NOT describe a gas?
A. pressure B. volume C. temperature D. ductility

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1. A 6. A

2. C 7. A

3. B 8. A

4. D 9. C

5. A 10. D

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 Science 10 Quarter 4
SM4-A
ANSWER SHEET
NAME: ________________________________________ GRADE & SECTION: ______________

I Will Do This
Analysis Questions: 4.
1. a.
b. _

2. 5.

3. 6.

I Practice This I
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Apply This
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
I Learned This
Properties of Gases Description

POSTULATES DESCRIPTION ILLUSTRATION

I Test Myself
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Post Test
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

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INI NAGAPAMATUOD NGA ANG AKON BATA NAG-ANSWER SANG MODULE
SA IDALOM SA AKON PAG-GABAY/ SUPERBASYON.

PANGALAN kag PIRMA sang GINIKANAN/GUARDIAN DATE

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