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Lecture 2 - Mechanical System - Elevator

This document provides an overview of mechanical conveyors and elevators. It defines conveyors as systems that move people vertically, inclined, or horizontally within a building. There are different types of conveyor systems including elevators, escalators, travellators, dumbwaiters, and paternosters. The document then discusses the history of elevators, requirements for elevators under Malaysian building codes, factors that influence elevator performance, and the typical components of an elevator system including the machine room, car, hoistway, and door operators.

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Muhammad Fakhri
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
218 views

Lecture 2 - Mechanical System - Elevator

This document provides an overview of mechanical conveyors and elevators. It defines conveyors as systems that move people vertically, inclined, or horizontally within a building. There are different types of conveyor systems including elevators, escalators, travellators, dumbwaiters, and paternosters. The document then discusses the history of elevators, requirements for elevators under Malaysian building codes, factors that influence elevator performance, and the typical components of an elevator system including the machine room, car, hoistway, and door operators.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Fakhri
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MECHANICAL

CONVEYORS
QUS 3206/MS NURUL AINI
INTRODUCTION

• DEFINITION – the process which the occupants in the


building moves the pattern vertically, inclined or
horizontal.
• CHOOSING FACTORS
1. Relationship between internal spaces
2. Relationship between in and out from building
3. Identify the critical path
4. Separation between each mechanical systems.
TYPES OF SYSTEM

ELEVATOR/LIFT PATERNOSTER TRAVELLATOR

DUMBWAITER ESCALATOR
HISTORY
1852 – first safe elevator were created
1854 – first steam elevator were created
1874 – hydraulic elevator created
1859 – electric elevator were created
1903 – gearless traction elevator
1924 – semi-automatic control of lift
1949 – first automatic elevator created
1960 – multi-zone system lifts
1970 – elevator control system
ddq2233/nuu/bs2
microprocessor
ELEVATOR COMPANY’S NAME ?
REQUIREMENTS IN UBBL 1984

• It must be installed on building that have more than 4


storey building.
• Elevator minimum standards– 1 elevator for each 4
storey with maximum 25m distance from lobby/entrance
• Estimated floor space and car lift capacity is based on
an area of 0.2M ² / person
• Must be positioned in a convenient way.
• The layout of elevator is important for user comfort
FACTORS OF ELEVATOR
PERFORMANCE

1)Acceleration
2)Retardation
3)Speed of door operation
4)Stability of speed
5)Numbers of lift.
MOVIE TIME
TYPES OF ELEVATOR

• Is design for capable to bring


the patient bed and
passengers.
• Speed between 0.5–1.75m/s
TYPES OF ELEVATOR

• Used to carry passengers and


installed in buildings
• Commonly installed at
commercial building
• Speed 1-10m/s

PASSENGER LIFT
TYPES OF ELEVATOR

• Use for lifting goods in range


of 5 to 20 tons
• Speed 0.25 – 0.75m/s
• Installed for durable activity
TYPES OF ELEVATOR

• Same as passenger lift but it


is are UBBL requirements
• The difference only that a
fireman have a key that
make the lift available
during emergency
TYPES OF ELEVATOR

• Design is unique to
attract people
• Available at shopping
malls
• Lift walls made from
glass so that
passenger can see the
view (inside and
outside)
PLANNING & DESIGN FACTORS

1) Function of building
2) Building’s occupants
3) Limitation- building design, cost, electric supply and
government authority
4) Contract load
5) Lift selection/type
LOCATION
• Should be sited in the central area and take into account the
proximity of entrances to the building and staircases

• When a building has to have a number of passenger lifts it is


usually preferable to group them together rather than spread them
throughout the building.

• Grouping of lifts will reduce the cost of installation

• If passengers have to pass a staircase on the way to a lift, the


demand on the lifts tend to be reduces

• If they pass a lift before reaching a staircase , the demands on the


lift tends to be increased
LOCATION

• In shopping complexes – shoppers must be encouraged


to visit upper sales floors and therefore lifts in these
buildings should not be easily seen and accessible

• In hospitals, a bed lift will be required close to the


operating theatre in addition to other lifts

• In all types of building – a lift lobby is desirable and


should be large enough to allow traffic move in both
directions on the landing –without being obstructed by
people waiting for the lift.
NUMBER OF ELEVATORS

 The number and size of lifts must be related to the


following:
 1. Population of the building.
 2. Type of building occupancy.
 3. The starting and finishing times of the population, whether
staggered or unified.
 4. Number of floors and heights.
 5. Position of building in relation to public transport services.
A building near a traffic terminal generally has high passenger
peaks during arrival hours.
THE ELEVATOR’S SYSTEM

2) HIDRAULIC LIFT

• Use hydraulic oil


• Not more than 5 storey
building
Hydraulic Lift

Advantage
can easily multiply the relatively weak force of
the pump to generate the stronger force needed
to lift the elevator car
Disadvantages
1- the size of the equipment.
2- It takes a lot of energy to raise an elevator
car several stories, and in a standard hydraulic
elevator, there is no way to store this energy
THE ELEVATOR’S SYSTEM

1) CABEL LIFT
/ELECTRIC LIFT

• For building
that have more
than 10 storey

• High cost
ELEVATOR’S
COMPONENT

Machine room

Car

Hoistway
ELEVATOR’S COMPONENT
1) Machine room
a) Most important part in lift structure
b) Controlled and receiver center of electric supply
c) The components inside the machine room ;
i- motor
ii- traction sheave
iii-brake
iv-car controller
v-overspeed governer.
Break
Traction Sheave

Motor
Traction Sheave

• method of converting the input mechanical power


(in this case the turning of a shaft) into useable
mechanical power in the system (the vertical
movement of the elevator).
• The friction between the ropes and the sheave
grooves, which are cut on the pulley, initiates the
traction force between the traction drive and the
rope.
Controller
Group
Controller
• In order to do this, the computer needs to know
at least three things.
1. Where people want to go
2. Where each floor is
3. Where the elevator car is

• Finding out where people want to go is very


easy. The buttons in the elevator car and the
buttons on each floor are all wired to the
computer. When you press one of these buttons,
Car
the computer logs this request
Controller
Overspeed governer
• an elevator device which act as
a stop device in case the
elevator runs beyond the rated
speed
• This device must be installed in
the traction elevators and
roped hydraulic elevators
• Conventional elevator safety
equipment includes an
overspeed governor for
impeding elevator car
movement when a
predetermined speed is
exceeded
ELEVATOR’S COMPONENT
2) Car
a) Have duty to move up and down according to instructions.
b) Most systems also have a load sensor in the car floor.
c) The components are:
i- roller guide
ii-door operator
iii-stopping switch
iv-door trap
v-blower fan
vi-operating panel
ROLLER GUIDE
DOOR OPERATOR
DOOR OPERATING PANEL
Hoistway
a) It is a vertical path for lift movement
b) shaft constructed to allow elevators to
efficiently move between the floors of a
building.
c) The shafts are typically constructed so
that an elevator may move smoothly from
one floor to the next, while also allowing
room for the use of ancillary equipment to
manage the opening and closing of doors
as the elevator reaches a given floor.
d) The componets:
i- buffer
ii-governer
tension frame
ddq2233/nuu/bs2
iii-counter weight
TYPE OF LIFT DOORS.

ddq2233/nuu/bs2
Vertical bi parting
BAILONG ELEVATOR

This 326 meter high elevator takes you up the side of one of the many
enormous cliffs in Zhangjiajie, China. It is claimed to be the highest and
heaviest outdoor elevator in the world

Unique elevator around the world


LOUVRE ESCALATOR

At the push of a button, the elevator inside the Louvre, Paris, rises to the
occasion. A slide-out walkway appears once the circular platform comes
to a rest for guests to board/disembark.

Unique elevator around the world

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