Choice of rail wheels 车轮选择

In order to choose a rail wheel, its diameter is determined by considering :

为了选择一个轨道车轮，它的直径是通过考虑以下因素来确定的：
-the load on the wheel, 轮载荷
-the quality of the metal from which it is made, 材质
-the type of rail on which it rues, 轨道类型
-the speed of rotation of the wheel, 转速
-the group classification of the mechanism. 工作级别
4.2.4.1. Rail wheel size 轮尺寸
To determine the size of a rail wheel, the following checks must be made :
要确定轨道车轮的尺寸，必须进行以下检查：
-that it is capable of withstanding the maximum load to which it will be subjected, and
- 它能够承受它将承受的最大载荷，并且
-that it will allow the appliance to perform its normal duty without abnormal wear.
- 它将允许设备执行其正常工作而不会出现异常磨损。
The two requirements are checked by means of the following two formulae :
这两个要求是通过以下两个公式来检查的：
Pmean III ≤ PL . C1max . C2max < 1,38 . PL ≈ 1,4 PL
Taking C1max=1.2 and C2max=1.15
and Pmean I,II / (b.D) ≤ PL.C1.C2
Where:
D is the wheel diameter in mm 车轮直径
b the useful width of the rail in mm 轨道有效宽度
PL a limiting pressure dependent upon the metal used for the wheel, in N/mm2
C1 a coefficient depending on the speed of rotation of the wheel 转速系数
C2 is a coefficient depending on the group of the mechanism 工作级别系数
Pmean III is the mean load to be withstood by the wheel, in loading case III, in N, calculated according to the formulae in
clause 4.2.4.1.1. 等效载荷
Pmean I,II is the mean load in case I or II.
4.2.4.1.1.Determining the mean load 确定平均载荷
In order to determine the mean loads, the procedure is to consider the maximum and minimum loads withstood by
the wheel in the loading cases considered, i.e. with the appliance in normal duty but omitting the dynamic coefficient 
when determining Pmean I,II and with the appliance not in use for Pmean III .The values of Pmean are determined by the formula
below in the three cases of loading I, II and III :为了确定平均载荷，程序是在所考虑的载荷情况下考虑车轮承受的最大
和最小载荷，即设备处于正常工作状态但在确定 Pmean I,II 时省略动态系数 和 器具未用于 Pmean III 。 Pmean 的
值由以下三种负载 I、II 和 III 情况下的公式确定：
Pmean I,II,III = ( Pmin I,II,III + 2 . Pmax I,II,III ) / 3
For rails having a flat bearing surface and a total width l with rounded corners of radius r at each side, we have:
对于具有平坦承载面且总宽度为 l 且每侧半径为 r 的圆角的导轨，我们有：
b=l-2.r
for rails with a convex bearing surface, we have:
Tel: 0086-373-3809044 Whatsapp&Cell: +8616650308213 Email: [email protected] Web:www.kinocranes.com
Address: No.730, Xinghai Center, Hongqi District, Xinxiang, Henan, China
 b=l-4.r/3 4
4 (1) For the same width of rail head, these formulae give a greater useful bearing width
For convex rails than for flat rails. This allows for the superior adaptation of a slightly
convex rail to the rolling motion of the wheel.
对于相同宽度的轨头，这些公式为凸轨提供了比平轨更大的有用承载宽度。
这使得略微凸出的轨道能够更好地适应车轮的滚动运动。

4.2.4.1.3.Determining the limiting pressure PL 确定极限压力 PL

The value of PL is given in table T.4.2.4.1.3. as a function of the ultimate strength of the metal of which the rail wheel
is made; PL 的值在表 T.4.2.4.1.3 中给出。 作为制造轨道轮的金属的极限强度的函数；
The qualifies of metal refer to cast, forged or rolled steels, and spheroidal graphite cast iron.
金属的质量是指铸钢、锻钢或轧钢和球墨铸铁。
Table T.4.2.4.1.3. - Values of PL
Ultimate strength for metal used for rail wheel PL
用于轨道轮的金属的极限强度 in N/mm2
R > 500 N/mm2 5,0
R > 600 N/mm2 5,6
R > 700 N/mm2 6,5
R > 800 N/mm2 7,2

In the case of rail wheels with tyres, consideration must obviously be given to the quality of the tyre, which should be
sufficiently thick not to roll itself out. 对于带轮胎的轨道车轮，显然必须考虑轮胎的质量，轮胎应足够厚以防止滚出。
In the case of wheels made of high tensile steel and treated to ensure a very high surface hardness, the value of PL is
limited to that for the quality of the steel composing the wheel prior to surface treatment, according to table T.4.2.4.1.3.,
since a higher value would risk causing premature wear of the rail.
对于由高强度钢制成并经过处理以确保非常高的表面硬度的车轮，PL 的值限于表面处理前构成车轮的钢的质
量，根据表 T.4.2.4.1 .3.，因为较高的值可能会导致轨道过早磨损。
For a given load, however, wheels of this type have a much longer useful life than wheels of lesser surface hardness,
which makes their use worthwhile in the case of appliances performing intensive service. 然而，对于给定的负载，这种
类型的轮子比表面硬度较低的轮子具有更长的使用寿命，这使得它们在执行密集服务的设备的情况下值得使用。
Alternatively, it is possible to use wheels of ordinary cast iron, especially chilled cast iron, which has good surface
hardness.或者，也可以使用普通铸铁制成的轮子，尤其是具有良好表面硬度的冷硬铸铁.
It must be remembered that such wheels are brittle and that their use should be avoided for high speed motions or
when shock loadings are to be feared.
必须记住，这种轮子很脆，应避免在高速运动或害怕冲击载荷时使用它们。
When these are used their diameter is determined by taking PL equal to 5 N/mm2.
当使用它们时，它们的直径是通过取 PL 等于 5 N/mm2 来确定的。
4.2.4.1.4.Determining the coefficient c1 确定系数 C1
The values of c1 depend on the speed of rotation of the wheel and are given in table T.4.2.4.1.4.a.
These same values are also given in table T.4.2.4.1.4.b. as a function of the wheel diameter and the speed in m/min.
Table T.4.2.4.1.4.a. - Values of c1

Tel: 0086-373-3809044 Whatsapp&Cell: +8616650308213 Email: [email protected] Web:www.kinocranes.com

Address: No.730, Xinghai Center, Hongqi District, Xinxiang, Henan, China
 Wheel rotation Wheel rotation Wheel rotation
c1 c1 c1
speed in R.P.M. speed in R.P.M. speed in R.P.M.
200 0,66 50 0,94 16 1,09
160 0,72 45 0,96 14 1,10
125 0,77 40 0,97 12,5 1,11
112 0,79 35,5 0,99 11,2 1,12
100 0,82 31,5 1,00 10 1,13
90 0,84 28 1,02 8 1,14
80 0,87 25 1,03 6,3 1,15
71 0,89 22,4 1,04 5,6 1,16
63 0,91 20 1,06 5 1,17
56 0,92 18 1,07

Table T.4.2.4.1.4.b
Values of c1 as a function of the wheel diameter and the speed of travel
wheel diameter Values of c1 for travel speeds in m/min
in mm 10 12,5 16 20 25 31,5 40 50 63 80 100 125 160 200 250
200 1,09 1,06 1,03 1 0,97 0,94 0,91 0,87 0,82 0,77 0,72 0,66 - - -
250 1,11 1,09 1,06 1,03 1 0,97 0,94 0,91 0,87 0,82 0,77 0,72 0,66 - -
315 1,13 1,11 1,09 1,06 1,03 1 0,97 0,94 0,91 0,87 0,82 0,77 0,72 0,66 -
400 1,14 1,13 1,11 1,09 1,06 1,03 1 0,97 0,94 0,91 0,87 0,82 0,77 0,72 0,66
500 1,15 1,14 1,13 1,11 1,09 1,06 1,03 1 0,97 0,94 0,91 0,87 0,82 0,77 0,72
630 1,17 1,15 1,14 1,13 1,11 1,09 1,06 1,03 1 0,97 0,94 0,91 0,87 0,82 0,77
710 - 1,16 1,14 1,13 1,12 1,1 1,07 1,04 1,02 0,99 0,96 0,92 0,89 0,84 0,79
800 - 1,17 1,15 1,14 1,13 1,11 1,09 1,06 1,03 1 0,97 0,94 0,91 0,87 0,82
900 - - 1,16 1,14 1,13 1,12 1,1 1,07 1,04 1,02 0,99 0,96 0,92 0,89 0,84
1 000 - - 1,17 1,15 1,14 1,13 1,11 1,09 1,06 1,03 1 0,97 0,94 0,91 0,87
1 120 - - - 1,16 1,14 1,13 1,12 1,1 1,07 1,04 1,02 0,99 0,96 0,92 0,89
1 250 - - - 1,17 1,15 1,14 1,13 1,11 1,09 1,06 1,03 1 0,97 0,94 0,91
4.2.4.1.5. Determining the coefficient c2
The coefficient c2 depends on the group classification of the mechanism and is given in table T.4.2.4.1.5.
Table T.4.2.4.1.5. - Values of c2
Group classification
c2
of mechanism
M 1 to M 4 1,12
M5 1,00
M6 0,90
M7-M8 0,80
4.2.4.2.NOTES
Note 1 : The formulae apply only to wheels whose diameters do not exceed 1,25 m. For larger diameters experience

Tel: 0086-373-3809044 Whatsapp&Cell: +8616650308213 Email: [email protected] Web:www.kinocranes.com

Address: No.730, Xinghai Center, Hongqi District, Xinxiang, Henan, China
shows that the permissible pressures between the rail and the wheel must be lowered. The use of wheels of greater
diameter is not recommended.
这些公式仅适用于直径不超过 1.25 m 的车轮。 对于较大的直径，经验表明必须降低轨道和车轮之间的允许压
力。 不推荐使用更大直径的轮子。
Note 2: It should be noted that the limiting pressure PL is a notional pressure determined by supposing that
contact between the wheel and the rail takes place over a surface whose width is the useful width defined earlier (clause
4.2.4.1.2.) and whose length is the diameter of the wheel. The method of calculating set out above is derived from
application of the HERTZ formula, which may be written :
应该注意的是，极限压力 PL 是一个名义压力，假设车轮和轨道之间的接触发生在一个表面上，该表面的宽度是之
前定义的有用宽度（条款 4.2.4.1.2.）
，其长度是轮子的直径。 上述计算方法是应用赫兹公式推导出来的，可以写成：
cg2 / ( 0,35 . E ) = P / ( b . D )
where:
cg2 is the compressive stress in the wheel and the rail N/mm2 车轮和轨道中的压应力
E the modulus of elasticity of the metal in N/mm2 金属的弹性模量
P the wheel load in N 轮压
b and D in mm, being as defined above (clause 4.2.4.1.). 如上定义
Taking KL to represent the value σ2cg/(0.35.E) which has the dimension of a pressure in N/mm2 , the relation may
be written :
KL=P/(b.D)
and characterizes the wheel pressure on the rail. The formula of clause 4.2.4.1. is obtained by putting :
并表征轨道上的车轮压力。 第 4.2.4.1 条的公式。 通过放置获得：
KL=PL.c1.c2

Tel: 0086-373-3809044 Whatsapp&Cell: +8616650308213 Email: [email protected] Web:www.kinocranes.com

Address: No.730, Xinghai Center, Hongqi District, Xinxiang, Henan, China