CALCULATOR TECHNIQUES

SEMINAR

BY:

ENGR. JOSE LORENZO D.

BUCTON
CALCULATOR TECHNIQUES
-IS THE MAXIMUM UTILIZATION OF A
CALCULATOR TO SOLVE
ENGINEERING PROBLEMS WITH
SPEED AND EXACTNESS

-ENGR. ROMEO TOLENTINO

 MODES IN USE
• STAT
• VECTOR
• COMPLEX
• EQUATIONS
• TABLE
• MATRIX
 APPLICATIONS
ALGEBRA LINEAR REGRESSION
TRIGONOMETRY REGRESSION ANALYSIS
ANALYTIC AND SOLID GEOMETRY MATRIX ALGEBRA
CALCULUS STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
VECTOR ANALYSIS DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
LATERAL EARTH PRESSURE CENTROIDS
HYDROSTATIC FORCE THREE MOMENT
EQUATION
BEAM DEFLECTIONS MOMENTS OF INERTIA
SHEAR AND MOMENT DIAGRAMS
DESIGN OF STEEL CONNECTIONS
AND MANY MORE…
 ALGEBRA
AT WHAT TIME BETWEEN 4 AND 5 O’
CLOCK ARE THE HANDS OF THE
CLOCK

A.) OPPOSITE TO EACH OTHER

B.) COINCIDENT
C.) AT RIGHT ANGLES
OPPOSITE TO EACH OTHER
SOLUTION (CONVENTIONAL)

x
180 = x − ( + 120)
12
x
180 = x − − 120
12
3600 60 min s 600
x= ( )=
11 360 11
x = 54.545 min s
time : 4 : 54 : 32.73
COINCIDENT
SOLUTION (CONVENTIONAL)

x
120 + = x
12
1440 60 min s 240
x= ( )=
11 360 11
x = 21.818 min s
time : 4 : 21 : 49.09
RIGHT ANGLE (1 ST
TIME)
SOLUTION (CONVENTIONAL)

x
120 + = x + 90
12
360 60 min s 60
x= ( )=
11 360 11
x = 5.4545 min s
time : 4 : 05 : 27.27
RIGHT ANGLE (2 ND
TIME)
SOLUTION (CONVENTIONAL)

x
90 = x − (120 + )
12
2520 60 min s 420
x=( )( )=
11 360 11
x = 38.18 min s
time : 4 : 38 : 10.91
 CALCULATOR TECHNIQUE
INITIAL CONDITION (4:00) FINAL CONDITION (5:00)
 MODE STAT
A.)OPPOSITE TO EACH C.)RIGHT ANGLE (1ST
• A+BX OTHER: TIME):

DATA INPUT: ENTER: 180X’ ENTER: -90X’

X (HOUR) Y TIME:4°54’32.73’’ TIME:4°5’27.27’’
(MINUTE 4:54:32.73 4:05:27.27
B.)COINCIDENT: D.)RIGHT ANGLE (2ND
S)
TIME):
4 -120 ENTER: 0X’
5 210 TIME:4°21’49.09’’ ENTER: 90X’
4:21:49.09 TIME:4°38’10.91’’
4:38:10.91
 ALGEBRA
FIND THE TERM IN THE ARITHMETIC
PROGRESSION 4,7,10:
A.)30TH TERM
B.)56TH TERM
SOLUTION (CONVENTIONAL)
GIVEN: SOLVING FOR d:
a1 = 4 d = an − a1
a2 = 7 d = 7−4
a3 = 10 d =3

an = a1 + ( n − 1)( d )
a30 = 4 + (30 − 1)(3)

a56 = 4 + (56 − 1)(3)

a56 = 169
 CALCULATOR TECHNIQUE
• MODE STAT:(A+BX)
A.)FOR 30TH TERM:
X Y ENTER: 30Y’
=91
1 4
2 7
B.)FOR 56TH TERM:
3
10 ENTER: 56Y’
=169
 TRIGONOMETRY:

a2 − b2 − c2
cos A =
COSINE LAW: − 2bc
a = b < A− c;a = c < A−b
CALTECH VARIATION:
 TRIGONOMETRY:

SINE LAW: SINE LAW TECHNIQUE:

MODE 5:1:
a b c
= = a b c
sin A sin B sin C c
Cos(B) Cos(A)
Sin(B) 0
 TRIGONOMETRY
FIND THE SIDES OF a
AND b:
SOLUTION (CONVENTIONAL)
C = 180 − A − B
C = 180 − 92 − 53
C = 35

5.1466 a 5.1466 b
= ; =
sin(35) sin(53) sin(35) sin(92)
a = 7.166
b = 8.967
CALCULATOR TECHNIQUE

SINE LAW TECHNIQUE:

MODE 5:1:

a b c

Cos(92) Cos(53) 5.1466

0
Sin(92) -Sin(53)

a=7.166
b=8.976
 TRIGONOMETRY
FIND SIDE c:
SOLUTION (CONVENTIONAL)

c 2 = a 2 + b 2 − 2ab cos(C )
c = 7.26 2 + 9.03932 − 2(7.26)(9.0393) cos(35)
c = 5.1867
 CALCULATOR TECHNIQUE

c = 7.26∠35 − 9.0393 = 5.1867

or
c = 9.0393∠35 − 7.26 = 5.1867
PRISMATOID TECHNIQUE

h2

v = ∫ ( A + Bx + Cx 2 )dx
h1

NOTE: COEFFICIENTS OF A, B AND C

ARE DERIVED FROM STAT MODE:_+Cx
 FIND THE VOLUME OF THE SHADED
SECTION INDICATED IN THE FIGURE:

USING
STAT MODE:_+Cx^2

X Y
0 0
1.8214
10.4222
2
3.6428 0

h2
A=0; STORE TO A
v= ∫ ( A + Bx + Cx
2
) dx
h1 B=11.44419;STORE TO B
1.8214 C=-3.14159;STORE TO C
v= ∫ + + ) dx = 3.83714
2
( A Bx Cx
1.4480
AREA OF CIRCULAR
SEGMENT

A = ∫ 2 Dx − x 2 dx,0, h,0.001

NOTE: PROGRAM CALCULATOR TO

MODE LINE 10
 FIND THE AREA OF THE CIRCULAR
SEGMENT INDICATED IN THE FIGURE:

A = ∫ 2 Dx − x 2 dx,0, h,0.001

A = ∫ 2 3.6428 x − x 2 dx,0,0.7323,0.001
A = 1.49484
 LATERAL EARTH PRESSURE
A RETAINING WALL 8M HIGH SUPPORTS A COHESIONLESS SOIL AS SHOWN IN THE
PROFILE WITH A SHEAR RESISTANCE OF 33. THE SURFACE OF THE SOIL IS
HORIZONTAL AND LEVEL WITH THE TOP OF THE WALL. NEGLECT WALL FRICTION
AND USE RANKINE’S FORMULA FOR ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE ON A COHESIONLESS
SOIL.
A.)DETERMINE THE TOTAL EARTH THRUST ON THE WALL IN Kn/m IF SOIL IS DRY.
B.) DETERMINE THE TOTAL EARTH THRUST ON THE WALL IN Kn/m IF SOIL IS
WATERLOGGED 3.5m BELOW SURFACE.
C.)DETERMINE LOCATION OF LATERAL THRUST DURING WATERLOGGED CONDITION.
D.)DETERMINE MOMENT GENERATED FROM LATERAL THRUST.
SOLUTION (CONVENTIONAL)

1 − sin φ 1 − sin 33
Ka = = = 0.2948
1 + sin φ 1 + sin 33
1 1
Fa = K aγH = (0.2948)(15.696)(8) 2
2

2 2
Fa = 148.1kN
SOLUTION (CONVENTIONAL)
PRESSURES :
P1 = K aγH
P1 = (0.2948)(15.696)(3.5)
P1 = 16.195 Kpa
P2 = K aγH
P2 = (0.2948)(9.857)(4.5)
P2 = 13.076 Kpa
P3 = γ H 2O H
P3 = (9.81)(4.5)
P3 = 44.145Kpa
SOLUTION (CONVENTIONAL)

Y − COORDINATE : FORCES :
3.5 1
Y1 = 4.5 + = 5.667 m F1 = (16.195)(3.5)(1) = 28.34 KN
3 2
1 F2 = 16.195( 4.5)(1) = 72.88 KN
Y2 = ( 4.5) = 2.25m
2 1
F3 = (13.076)(4.5)(1) = 29.421KN
4.5 2
Y3 = = 1.5m 1
3 F4 = (9.81)(4.5) 2 = 99.33KN
4.5 2
Y4 = = 1.5m
3
SOLUTION (CONVENTIONAL)
VARIGNON ' S − THEOREM :
FT = F1 + F2 + F3 + ...
FT = 28.43 + 72.88 + 29.421 + 99.33
FT = 229.97 KN
FT Y T= F1Y 1+ F2Y 2+ F3Y 3+...
229.97Y T = (28.43)(5.667) + (72.88)(2.25) + (29.421)(1.5) + (99.33)(1.5)
YT = 2.251m
M = 517.70928 KN .m
CALCULATOR TECHNIQUE
PRESSURES :
P1 = K aγH
P1 = (0.2948)(15.696)(3.5)
P1 = 16.195 Kpa
P2 = K aγH
P2 = (0.2948)(9.857)(4.5)
P2 = 13.076 Kpa
P3 = γ H 2O H
P3 = (9.81)(4.5)
P3 = 44.145Kpa
 CALCULATOR TECHNIQUE
X(Y- FREQUENCY DATA :
COORDINATE) (AREA) N = 229.971KN
5.667 28.34 ___
2.25 72.88 X = 2.25119 m
1.5 29.421 ∑ X = 517.70928KN .m
1.5 99.33
 LIQUID LIMIT
THE FOLLOWING RESULTS WERE
OBTAINED FROM A LIQUID LIMIT TEST
ON A CLAY USING THE CASAGRANDE
CUP DEVICE. FIND THE LIQUID LIMIT:
NUMBER OF BLOWS 6 12 20 28 32
WATER CONTENT % 52. 47. 42. 38. 37.
5 1 3 6 5
SOLUTION (CONVENTIONAL)
CALCULATOR TECHNIQUE
STAT MODE: A+BX:
X-(NUMBER OF Y-(WATER CONTENT
BLOWS) %)

20 42.3
28 38.6
INPUT:
25Y’
=39.9875%
=40%
 3D TRUSS
IF THE CAPACITY OF EACH LEG IS
15KN, WHAT IS THE SAFE VALUE OF
W?
EQUATIONS OF EQUILIBRIUM:

∑ FX = 0 ∑ MX = 0
∑ FY = 0 ∑ MY = 0
∑ FZ = 0 ∑ MZ = 0
CALCULATOR TECHNIQUE:
COORDINATES:
X Y Z
POINT
A 0 0
2.4
B 0.9 0
1.8
C - 0 0
MEMBER VECTORS:
1.8
D
MEMBE X Y Z0
R 0.9 -1.
8
AD 0.9 - -
1.8 2.4
AB 0.9 -
1.8 2.4
AC - 0 -
CALCULATOR TECHNIQUE:
 0.9 0.9 − 1.8 
matA = 
 − 1.8 1.8 0  
MEMBE LENGT 
 − 2.4 − 2.4 − 2.4
R H 3.132 0 0
AD 3.132 matB = 
 0 3.132 0


 0 0 3

AB 3.132
0 
AC 3 matC =  0
 


1 

 0.2873 0.2873 − 0.6

matAmatB −1 =
 − 0.574 0.5747 0 

 − 0.766 − 0.766 − 0.8

 − 0.435
ENTER : matAns −1matC =  
 − 0.435

 − 0.416

CENTROIDS AND MOMENTS OF
INERTIA

FROM THE GIVEN

FIGURE,
DETERMINE THE
FOLLOWING:

A.)CENTROID FROM
BOTTOM
X B.)TOTAL AREA AREA
(CENTROID)
C.)MOMENT OF INERTIA
50+210+20=2
PARALLEL TO X-AXIS
80 80x40=3200
50+0.5(210)=1 210x30=630
55 0
0.5(50)=25 50x200=100
00
CALCULATOR TECHNIQUE
n = 19500 → AREA
__
X = 108.846 → CENTROID
n(σ x ) = 177461538.5 → STORE ( A)
2

80( 40) 3 30(210) 3 200(50) 3

I NA = A+ + +
12 12 12
I NA = 203124038.5
 CALCULUS
FIND THE DERIVATIVE OF THE GIVEN
FUNCTION: x
y= xe
SOLUTION :
x

CHOICES : y = xe
e x −1 ln( y ) = e x ln( x )
A.) x (e + x ln( x))
x

y' 1
B.)e x x e
x
−2
(e x + ln( x )) = e x ( + ln( x ))
y x
x
C.) x 2 − e (1 + e x ln( x )) x 1 + x ln( x)
x
−1
y' = e x xe ( )
D.) x e e x (1 + ln( x x )) x
dy x
= x e −1e x (1 + ln( x x ))
dx
 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
• THE POPULATION OF THE TOWN GROWS AT THE RATE
PROPORTIONAL TO THE POPULATION PRESENT AT ANY TIME
T. THE INITIAL POPULATION OF 500 INCREASED BY 15% IN
10 YEARS. WHAT WILL BE THE POPULATION IN 30 YEARS?

BOUNDARY CONDITIONS: SOLUTION :

A.) p = 500; t = 0
P=500;T=0 dP
= kp 500 = ce 0 k
P=575;T=10 dt
dP c = 500
∫ p = k ∫ dt B.) p = 575; t = 10
ln( p ) = kt + c 575 = ce10 k
e ln p = e kt + c k = 0.01397
p = ce kt C.) p = 500e 0.01397 t
@ t = 30
p = 760.4375
 STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS

KEY EQUATION: KEY EQUATION:

__
x2
x2
ya (3L − a )da
2
6A a ya( L2 − a 2 )
δ= ∫ 6 EI L
= ∫
x1
L
da
x1
 CANTILEVER BEAM
SOLVE FOR THE DEFLECTION AT C: FOR A+Bx: STATMODE(A+Bx

X Y

0 40

10 0

x2
ya 2 (3L − a )da
δ= ∫ 6 EI 40000
x1
δ=
( A + Bx) x 2 (30 − x)dx
10 3EI
δ =∫
0
6 EI
 CONTINUOUS BEAM
FOR SPAN AB:
OR THE CONTINUOUS BEAM SHOWN IN THE FIGURE,
ETERMINE THE MOMENT AT B: X Y

0 600

2 600

FOR SPAN CB:

X Y

0 1200

3 0
THREE MOMENT EQUATION:
MOMENT AREA AB: MOMENT AREA CB:

( A + Bx)( x)(32 − x 2 )dx

3
( A + Bx)( x)(4 − x )dx
2 2 2

∫0 4
= 4200 ∫0 3
= 3780

900(3)(4 − 3 )
2 2 3780 store
→ D
= 4725
4
4200 + 4725 = 8925 store
→ C

2(4 + 3)( M B ) = −(C + D )

M B = −907.5KN .m
 RESULTANT OF FORCES
ND THE RESULTANT OF THE SYSTEM OF FORCES DESCRIBED IN THE FIGURE
D THE ANGLE IT MAKES WITH THE HORIZONTAL:

SOLUTION :
R∠θ = 400∠0 + 200∠150 + 300∠240 + 300∠300
R∠θ = 226.7949192 − 419.6152423i
R∠θ = 476.9831097∠ − 61.6095305
 WELDED CONNECTIONS
FIND THE MAXIMUM MASTER EQUATION:
SHEARING STRESS IN
THE WELDED T P∠θ
CONNECTION: R( x, y ) = − i ( x + yi)( ) +
J ΣL

(
J = n σ x +σ y
2 2
) +∑
L3
12
WHERE:
T-TORSIONAL FORCE
J-POLAR MOMENT OF INERTIA
P-AXIAL LOAD
Ө-ANGLE WITH X AXIS
L-LENGTH OF WELD
 WELDED CONNECTIONS
T P∠θ
R ( x, y ) = − i ( x + yi )( ) +
J ΣL

(
J = n σ x +σ y + ∑
2 2
)
L3
12
1503
J = 4750000 + (3)( ) = 5593750
12
T = 90( 233.33) = 21000kn.mm
ΣL = n = 450mm
P = 90kn
θ = 270

21000 90∠270
R ( x, y ) = − i ( x + yi )()+
5593750 450
R max = 755.0237 kn / mm
 SOURCES AND
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS:
Mega Review
Review Innovations
Gillesania Review
XU College of Engineering
PICE-XUSC

Tolentino and Associates

Review