Unit 1 Listening for Main Ideas

Overview
■ Introduction
Understanding the main idea of a lecture or a conversation is to identify the overall topic or
basic idea of the contents. It may be expressed explicitly in the head of the contents or
stated indirectly throughout the whole of the contents. In the latter case, you need to
generalize or synthesize the information in the given contents.

■ Useful tips
● Focus on the beginning part of the lecture or conversation.
● Listen carefully to the key words that can lead you to the main idea.
● Try to verify the main idea with examples, explanations, and summaries.
● Try to figure out what problem and solution the speakers are talking about in the
conversation? Avoid answers which cover only a small portion of the listening or which are
not relevant to the listening.
● Avoid answers which are too general, and make the most of your notes.

■ Question types
1. What problem does the man have?
2. What are the speakers mainly discussing?
3. What is the main topic of the lecture?
4. What is the lecture mainly about?
5. What aspect of X does the professor mainly discuss?
 Unit 1 Listening for Main Ideas

Sample Questions CD 1-01

What is the main topic of the lecture?

A Identical cells
B Chromosomes
C Mitosis
D Parent cells

Script
Today, we are going to discuss mitosis. Mitosis is the process of cell division. As a result of
cell division, two daughter cells are produced from a single parent cell. The daughter cells
are identical to one another and to the original parent cell. Mitosis includes four phases,
called prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Let’s look at prophase first.

Correct Answer
The answer for the above question is C because at the beginning of the lecture, the teacher
mentions that he is going to talk about mitosis. Usually you can find main ideas at the
beginning of lectures.
Listening Skill Practice
■ Focusing on Content Words
Content words are words that have the most information in a sentence. These words
include nouns, main verbs, adjectives, adverbs, question words, and demonstratives. In
English, content words are usually emphasized. Stressed syllables in content words are
longer, louder, and higher in pitch than unstressed ones.

■ Kinds of Content Words

Nouns: student, professor, topic, biology, etc.
- Your teacher loves to start off classes with quizzes.
Main verbs: discuss, talk, mean, surround, go, etc.
- He studies the evolution of communication and the nature of
meaning.
Adjectives: interesting, amazing, difficult, good, etc.
- It was a difficult task to complete by Sunday.
Adverbs: thoroughly, slowly, consequently, therefore, however, etc.
- The situation is slowly improving, and people are noticing.
Question words: who, what, when, where, why, how, which
- Why don’t you go see a doctor?
Demonstratives: this, that, these, those
- Needless to say, we did not get much sleep this night.

■ Content Words in the Context.

1. University students pay a lot of money for their educations
2. Do you think it is harder to speak or to hear a new language?
3. There will be two written tests and one oral test during this semester
4. Students participate in an intern program during summer vacation.
Listening Skill Practice

Skill Practice CD 1-02

A. Underline the content words in the following sentences. Then, listen to each
sentence, and check your answers. 🎧
Example: University students pay a lot of money for their educations. (6 words)
1. We went over the course requirements last time. (5 words)
2. Each place on the earth has different patterns of weather events. (7 words)
3. She wants to help children by doing a fundraising campaign. (5 words)
4. They can tutor other students who need help for the preparation of the course and the
test. (8 words)

B. Listen to the following dialog, and underline the content words. You must find
more than thirty content words 🎧
W: Would you tell me why it is so important to understand Greek mythology in your
class? I don’t know why I should write a paper about the birth of Aphrodite.
M: Hey, Cindy. Greek myths are not simple and funny old stories. They have tons of
characters and events, which have fertilized our lives, culture, and environment for
two thousand years. So, you can get the essential feeling from that topic for your
work just like the former great writers did.

C. Listen to part of a lecture, and fill in the blanks with suitable content words. 🎧
As you know, the __________________ was ______________, especially Florence in the
__________________ part of Italy. It gradually __________________ to many places throughout
__________________ by the 1600s. However, for many years, or even centuries, Italian opera
was thought to be __________________, and many non-Italian composers __________________ in
their works.
Basic Drill

A Listen to part of a conversation, and answer the question.

1. What are the speakers mainly discussing? CD 1-03
A Why the woman is talking the shuttle
B Where is the man’s next class is
C The woman’s class schedule
D The location of the man’s class
Listen again, and choose the correct words.

W: I wish that the (shovel/ shuttle) bus would hurry and get here. I’m going to be
late for my next class.
M: Why don’t you just walk there instead? Or is your class just too far away to get
(there on time/ they’re in time)?
W: (Unfortunately/ Fortunately), my class is on the other side of campus. If I
(walked/ worked) there, it would take about (thirteen minutes/ thirty minutes)
to arrive.
M: Well, I guess it is impossible to talk. Well, I’m late for (my own class/ my home
class). I’ll see you later.

2. What are the speakers mainly discussing? CD 1-04

A Mr. Jenkin’s newest project
B The student’s term paper
C How to write a first draft
D The way the woman writes

Listen again, and choose the correct words.

W: Mr. Jenkins, I’ve finished the first draft of my (time paper/ term paper) and was
hoping you could check it over for me.
M: You’re (already/ really) done? That may be the fastest anyone’s ever
(completed/ completion) a first draft.
W: Well, I like to get started early on my projects. So is it possible for you to (look it
over/ look at it) and tell me what needs to be (returned/ rewritten)?
M: Sure, but I don’t have time now. How about if I return it to you (next week/ next
work?
 Unit 1 Listening for Main Ideas

B. Listen to part of a lecture, and answer the question. CD 1-05

1. What is the main topic of the talk?
A How Napoleon died
B Napoleon’s final battle
C Why Waterloo became well-known
D Napoleon’s banishment to Waterloo

Listen again, and choose the correct words

There is a small town in Belgium (cold Waterloo/ called Waterloo). This small town
became very (famous/ infamous) because of Napoleon’s (last battle/ less battle). A lot of
(his souls/ his soliders) were killed and injured at Waterloo. As a result, he (was
moved/ was removed) from his (emperor’s thrown/ emperor’s throne) and sent to
Saint Helena, where he died in 1821.

2. What is the talk mainly about?CD 1-06

A Radiation from the sun
B The functions of air
C The collision of meteorites
D The range of the atmosphere

Listen again, and choose the correct words

The atmosphere is a mixture of (different gases/ different liquids) and aerosols. We

usually call it (gas/ air). The atmosphere is very (useful to our lives/ important to our
lives), and we cannot live without it. Almost every (loving creature/ living creature) on
Earth (breath/ breathes) it. It surrounds Earth and protects us from (deadly rays/
deadly weapons) and radiation from space.
Practice with Short Passages
A Listen to part of a conversation, and answer the questions CD 1-07

1. What is the man’s problem?

A He lost his campus map
B He is late for his class
C He cannot find his classroom
D He cannot find the room on the map

2. How did the man solve his problem?

A He went to the administrator’s office to ask the way
B He just found the way accidentally
C His girlfriend knew how to get there
D A female student showed him because she was going the same way

3 Listen again, and fill in the blanks

M: Hi. Do you know where __________________ is? I am __________________.
W: 607? Hmm… Maybe I can help you. Follow me. There is a campus map. Okay… Here
It is… Let’s see. Number 607… Oh… We are heading the same way. Just follow me. I
will show you the way
M: Thanks a lot. It’s really __________________ on this campus.
W: Right, I had the same problem last year __________________. What class do you have in
that room?
M: I have __________________. The teacher’s name is James Smith.
W: Oh really? I had the same class last year. The teacher is very strict, isn’t he? But he
give good grades.
Practice with Short Passages

B Listen to part of a conversation, and answer the questions. CD 1-08

1. What is the man’s problem?

A He cannot do his homework on time
B Mathematical Ideas is difficult for him
C He did not receive a good grade
D He did not read the textbook before the test
2. What does the man have to do to get a good grade?
A Listen to the lectures carefully and do well on the homework
B Only study the summaries of the lectures
C He cannot get a good grade because the test is so hard
D He has to study the textbook and the summaries of the lectures carefully

3. Listen again, and fill in the blanks.

M: I am going to have __________________ this semester. I am a little bit _______________ that

subject because I am __________________ math.
W: Mathematical Ideas? Don’t worry. I had that class last semester. The lectures were
very _______________, and the teacher made the students __________________ the course.
You will love ________________.
M: Well, I don’t know. Wasn’t the test difficult?
W: ________________. If you __________________ the lectures and __________________, the test will
be ___________. The teacher always ________________ of his lecture every class. If you
study them thoroughly, you will ________________ read the textbook. I was bad at
math, but I got a good grade!
M: I see. Thank you so much for your advice. It has really helped me.
Basic Drill
C Listen to part of a lecture, and answer the questions. CD 1-09

1. What is the main topic of the lecture?

A Energy
B Physical geography
C The universe
D Science
2. Which statement is correct about physical geography?
A It is the study of the universe
B Physical geography uses many other sciences
C Many other sciences use it to combine their ideas
D Energy is the biggest subject of physical geography

3. Listen again, and fill in the blanks.

Hello, my name is Jenny Smith. I will be __________________ for this semester. Um… Since this
is your first class, I want to talk about __________________. What is physical geography? Does
anybody have any ideas? Basically it’s a __________________. But it differs from others in that
it uses ideas from __________________. For example, you will find information from
__________________, and many other sciences in physical geography. Does it sound scary?
Actually, you don’t really need to worry about it. Fundamentally, this is a geography class.
So we just will use ____________________________________. We will not go into the details of those
subjects. Okay… now let me show you some examples…. turn to page 11. Chapter one.
Energy
D Listen to part of a lecture, and answer the questions. CD 1-10

1. What is the teacher mainly talking about?

A The written tests
B The summary of a lecture
C Final grades
D Test and grades

2. What do students have to do to get good grades?

A They must study the handouts and actively participate in the class
B They must get a good score on the written test
C They have to study more for the oral test
D Only class participation is important

3. Listen again, and fill in the blanks.

Okay… Now let’s talk about __________________. There will be __________________ this semester.
Each written test will have __________________. The oral test will have __________________. Uh…
Some of you may think the tests are too difficult with too many questions. But that is not
so. __________________, there will be a summary handout every class this semester. And if you
study them well, then the tests willl be very easy. And __________________, the written and
oral tests will be just __________________. Active class participation is the most important
thing __________________. So, please listen to my lectures carefully, ask many questions, and
discuss the topics with your classmates and me during the class. It will be very good for
you to __________________.
Practice with Long Passages

A Listen to part of a conversation, and answer the questions CD 1-11

1. What are the students talking about?

A Applying for a course
B Participating in after-school activities
C Having tutors for the course
D Getting a teacher’s recommendation letter

2. What is the Academic Skills Center?

A It’s similar to a private school
B It’s a place where people can learn technical skills
C It’s a special school program for advanced students
D It’s a free service that the school provides to students who need tutoring
 Unit 1 Listening for Main Ideas

3. Listen again, and fill the blanks.

M: Hey, Jenny. Can I talk to you for a minute? I think I need _______________ for this class
W: I know. That’s what I was thinking, too. It is really difficult to study without any
help. Actually, one of my friends told me that she __________________. She suggested
that I go to the __________________ if I need help.
M: Really? What is the Academic Skills Center?
W: She says there are __________________ and __________________ to parepare for _____________.
M: Are they __________________?
W: No, they are __________________. But they received __________________. So they work there
at the teachers’ __________________.
M: That sounds really good. Do we __________________ for it?
W: No, it is a __________________ that the school provides for __________________. We can just
walk in and __________________. The school will __________________ for both tutors and
students. Actually, I am going there now. Do you want to come with me?
M: Of course. Let’s go.

4. Complete the following summary with the words below.

Tutors at the Academic Skills Center are students who have __________________ with high
grades. At a __________________, they can tutor other students who need __________________ of a
course and tests. The __________________, and the school makes __________________ tutors and
students in their __________________

the schedules for passed certain courses

tutoring service is free best interests
help for the preparation teacher’s recommendation
B Listen to part of a conversation, and answer the questions CD 1-12

1. What are the speakers mainly discussing?

A Helping parents
B Helping children who need help
C Going to college
D Helping teachers who need help

2. How does Jamie want to help the children who need help?
A By visiting the services regularly
B By being a close friend to them
C By babysitting them
D By running a fundraising campaign
3. Listen again, and fill the blanks.

M1: Jamie, what is that you’re working on?

M2: You know I do some __________________ in my free time, don’t you? Well, I’m
__________________ right now because of a special event that’s coming up next week.
M1: Really? What is this event that you’re talking about?
M2: I do a lot of work with __________________. These kids don’t have enough money to buy
clothes or __________________. So we’re going to hold a __________________ to try to raise
some money for them.
M1: That’s a __________________, Jamie. It’s so good of you to try to help other people who
don’t have the same __________________ that we do.
M2: Yes, I just hope it can help them a little bit.
M1: So, is there anything that I can do to assist you on this project? I’ve never done
anything like this, but __________________.
M2: Well, if you don’t have any time, you could always just __________________. But if you
want to __________________, you can attend the fundraiser. But how about helping me
with this banner right now?
M1: Yeah, I can do that, Jamie. Let’s start __________________. And I will help you to
__________________ the fundraising campaign.
M2: Wow, I am __________________. Thank you very much, Ted

4. Complete the following summary with the words below.

Jamie is preparing for __________________ to help underprivileged children __________________.
He’s __________________ that will advertise the event. At the fundraiser, he’s planning to
__________________ to buy the children various things __________________. His friend is going to
help him __________________ so that he can assist with the project as well.

who need help raise some money making a banner

organize the event an upcoming fundraiser that they need
C Listen to part of a lecture, and answer the questions CD 1-13

1. What is the main topic of the lecture?

A The reading assignment
B The course requirements for good marks
C The course paper for the end of the semester
D Questions about a specific topic for the course paper

2. How can students receive a good grade?

A Students must submit as many written papers as possible
B The oral presentation must cover various subjects
C Students have to try hard to achieve the four major requirements
D Students need to write a course paper about the broad topics discussed in class
3. Listen again, and fill the blanks.

Okay, class. These are four major requirements you have to remember during this course.
Now I’m going to tell you once again. So please remember, and do not forget. Okay? First,
you have to be prepared to __________________ before each class. Second, during the class,
you have to __________________ about the contents. Sometimes you have to challenge a
person when you disagree with him or her. Third, every two weeks, you need to
__________________ on the syllabus and __________________. Papers must be more specific than
the broad topics discussed in class. Hmm … I know how all you guys must feel now. It
sounds really difficult, doesn’t it? But these are the rules in my class. If you want to get a
good grade, you have to try meet these requirements.

4. Complete the following summary with the words below.

According to the teacher, the __________________ is based on __________________. First, students
must read the __________________ before class. Next, they must actively participate in
__________________. Third, they need to make __________________ regularly. And Italy, they have to
__________________ at the end of the course. The teacher guarantees these are the keys to a
good grade.

discussions during the class final grade

write a term paper oral presentations
four standards reading materials
D Listen to part of a lecture, and answer the questions CD 1-14

1. What is the lecture mainly about?

A Weather
B Temperature
C Seasons
D Climate

2. What is the global climate?

A The different kinds of weather
B It is a combination of worldwide climates
C Places with the same temperature
D A climate which is really cold
3. Listen again, and fill the blanks.

W: Okay, class. Now, before we start __________________, first we need to know about
climate. What is climate? What is the definition of climate? Do you have any ideas?
M: I think it is a collection of weather
W: Yes, that is a correct answer. Actually, climate is the __________________ in a certain
place on Earth. Let’s take some examples and make it clearer. Hmm… You know the
aurora at the North Pole. Do you think it is a climate? No, it is not a climate. It is not
even weather. What about global climate? Is there such a thing as a
__________________? Yes, there is. It’s __________________ of the climates of the planet
added up. For example, when Earth is getting hotter, we can say, “All of the global
climates are __________________.” So, there is a global climate. Hmm… Actually there
are __________________ on Earth. And we live in __________________. As the seasons
gradually change, our __________________. It can get warmer or colder. Or we can have
__________________ rain. We can even have more or less __________________.

4. Complete the following summary with the words below.

The lecturer says that climate is the general pattern of collected __________________ place on
Earth. There is a __________________ on this planet, and people live in on type of climate or
another. Climate __________________ every year in accordance with __________________

weather in a certain wide variety of climates

seasonal changes gradually changes
Integrated Listening & Speaking

In this section, you will study speaking with the previous lectures you just listened to. First,
you will hear the lectures you listened to previously. Then you will be asked to answer
some questions based on the listening sections. But remember you have to say the answers.
There is no writing

A Listen to a lecture while looking at the organizer, and answer the questions in your
own words CD 1-15

1. What does the course require a student to do to receive a good grades?

(1) It requires doing _________________________________________________________________.
(2) The major course requirements are ____________________________________________.

2. What does a student first have to do before class?

(1) Students need to ___________________________________________________________ before class.
(2) ________________________________________ is the first thing to do.

3. What do students have to do when they disagree with each other?

(1) They should ________________________________________________________________________.
(2) _________________________________________________________ is the thing they have to do.
 Unit 1 Listening for Main Ideas

B Listen to a lecture while looking at the organizer, and answer the questions in your
own words CD 1-16

1. What are the students mostly confused about?

(1) They often get confused about __________________ and __________________.
(2) The confusion is mostly about __________________ and __________________.

2. What is climate?
(1) It is a ____________________________________.
(2) Climate is a ____________________________________.

3. How does the climate change?

(1) The climate changes __________________.
(2) It changes ______________________________________________________.
Mini
Listen to part of a conversation between two students CD 1-17

1. What is the main topic of this conversation?

A The lecture is very difficult, and both students need help
B Living in a dorm is not a very pleasant experience for both
C They are planning for spring break together
D New life at college is a challenge for both

2. Why did they decide to see the RA?

A To help other students
B To become roommates
C To introduce themselves to other students
D To plan spring break together

3. Listen again to part of the conversation, and answer the questions. 🎧

Why does student B say this? 🎧
A Student A doesn’t understand what student B said
B He cannot heart what student A said
C He is actually nervous about college life
D He does not like college life
Listen to part of a lecture in an art class CD 1-18
Mini

4. What is the lecture mainly about?

A Picasso’s great masterpiece
B Picasso’s great talent
C The Second World War
D The brutality of war

5. According to the lecture, why do the most well-known scholars still find the
meaning of the painting beyond their understanding?
A Picasso completed the painting in only two months
B The bombardment of Guernica was so brutal
C The painting has a complexity of symbolism
D The painting was made during the Second World War

6. Listen again to part of the lecture, and answer the question. What does the
professor imply when she says this? 🎧
A The painting expresses the brutality of war directly
B The painting shows people during peacetime
C The painting does not show the bombing
D The painting conceals real images of war, but it contains many symbols of the war
Vocabulary Review
A Choose and write the correct word that matches each definition
display briefly approval explore decade
recommendation nervous bombardment disturb opportunity
wrench specific participate combine evolution

specific
1. _____________________ detailed and exact
2. _____________________ a period of ten years
3. _____________________ a suggestion that someone should have or use something good
4. _____________________ to examine thoroughly
5. _____________________ shortly; in a concise manner
6. _____________________ to destroy the peace or tranquility of
7. _____________________ sensitive; excitable; timid
8. _____________________ a process to a more advanced stage
9. _____________________ a time or place favorable for executing a purpose
10. _____________________ to mix different elements together
11. _____________________ to pull or twist violently in order to move or remove
12. _____________________ to take part in or to join in
13. _____________________ a strong and continuous bombing attack
14. _____________________ a formal or official statement that something is acceptable
15. _____________________ to put something in a particular place to be seen

B Fill in the blanks using the words below and match the right expressions
Let me introduce On the contrary, It’s really hard to
No later than the class session, Let’s talk about I am not really good at
Let me introduce •
1. _____________________ • your topics must be approved by me.
2. _____________________ • • science.
3. _____________________ • • global warming, for example, has changed a lot in the
Artic in recent years.
4. _____________________ • • four major requirements during this course
5. _____________________ • • find the classrooms on this campus.
6. _____________________ • •test first.
UNIT 2
Listening for Main Purpose
Unit 2 Listening for Main Purpose
Overview
■ Introduction
Understanding the purpose of a lecture or a conversation is being able to identify the
reason behind the contents. This type of question easily occurs with conversations rather
than lectures. As in the main idea, the purpose may be expressed explicitly in the beginning
of the contents or stated indirectly and spread throughout the contents. In the latter, you
need to generalize or synthesize information in the given contents.

■ Useful tips
● Focus on the reason behind the lecture or conversation.
● Listen carefully to the end of casual talks.
● Try to verify the purpose with the following solution.
● Avoid answers that cover only a small portion of the listening or which are not relevant
to the listening.
● Avoid answers that are too general, and make the most of your notes.

■ Question Types
1. Why does the student visit the professor?
2. Why does the student visit the registrar’s office?
3. Why did the professor ask to see the student?
4. Why does the professor explain X?
Unit 2 Listening for Main Purpose

Sample Questions CD 1-20

Why does the student visit the lecturer?

A Because the student could not catch up with the class
B Because the lecturer wanted to see the student
C Because the student wants to transfer to another class
D Because the student does not know the assignment

Script
W1: Ms. Andrews?
W2: Yes, Catherine?
W1: I have a couple of questions about class today.
W2: Okay, what can I help you with?
W1: Well, we went over the different Excel functions today, but some of the stuff didn’t
make sense to me. I think it’s because this is only my second class. I think I missed
something from an earlier class.
W2: Ah, right. We did cover some of the groundwork for this lesson last week.
W1: That makes sense. I didn’t understand how everyone already knew which formulas to
enter.
W2: Of course. If you take a look at Chapter 2 in your book, I think it will help you a lot.
Then, if you’re still having trouble, we can tackle that later.
W1: Thanks, Ms. Andrews!
Correct answer
The answer for the above question is (A). The reason Catherine visited Ms. Andrews is that
she didn’t quite understand today’s class. Since she had missed a few classes, she wanted to
catch up with the class lessons.
Listening Skill Practice
■ Focusing on Content Words
Structure words are not very important words. They are small, simple words that make the
sentence correct grammatically. They give the sentence its correct form or structure. These
words include pronouns, prepositions, articles, “be” verbs, conjunctions, and auxiliary
verbs. In English, structure words are usually deemphasized. When contents words are
emphasized and structure words are deemphasized, the contrast helps the listener to hear
the important words.
1. Kinds of structure words
● pronouns: I, you, he, she, it, they, etc.
● prepositions: of, to, at, for, in, on, with, by, etc.
● articles: a(n), the
● “be” verbs: am, are, is, was, were
● conjunctions: and, but, or, for, so, however, therefore, etc.
● auxilliary verbs: can, have, do, will, shall, would, could, might, etc

2. Auxiliary verbs such as “will” and “have” and some forms of the “be” verb often
display the loss of a consonant and a vowel.
They will -> They’ll They have -> They’ve It is -> It’s

3. When contracted, the auxiliaries “would” and “had” are contracted as follows:
I would -> I’d He had -> He’d

4. Contractions are also formed with auxiliary verbs and “not”. Because the
contractions with “not” are stressed, the strong form of the auxiliary is used.
She cannot -> She can’t He is not -> He isn’t

5. There are a large number of two-word verbs in English. The more accurate term is
phrasal verbs. They are called that because the verb itself is actually kind of a
phrase, verb + particle(s), and some of these verbs consist of as many as three words.
It is so important in listening comprehension to listen and distinguish the particle
Listening Skill Practice

that is employed in the phrasal verb. You can become familiar with these kinds of
verbs through plenty of practice. Several examples are shown below.

Two-word verb Meaning Two-word verb Meaning

Figure out Find the solution Hang up End a telephone call
Fill up Fill completely with gas, Pick up Lift
water, coffee, ect.
Get over Recover from an illness Put on Put clothes on one’s
body
Hand in Give homework, tests, Run into Meet by chance
papers, etc. to a teacher

Skill Practice CD 1-21

A. Listen and fill in the blanks with the word in the parenthesis. 🎧
1. I __________________ run in that race. (can/ can’t)
2. I __________________ figure out which is the right answer for that puzzle (can/ can’t)
3. You __________________ also record the call number of the book (should/ shouldn’t)
4. You __________________ talk that loudly in the hospital (should/ shouldn’t)

B. Listen to the following dialog, and fill in the blanks with the correct answers. 🎧
M1: Hi, Jim. Long time no see. When was the last time we saw each other?
M2: Well, it’s been a pretty long time. Do you remember when we _______________ at the gym?
M1: I’m sorry. I __________________ remember when that was. Was it last summer?
M2: Yes, we had talked a lot about going to college. Also, we even __________________ our
future jobs.

C. Listen to part of a lecture, and fill in the blanks with the suitable words. 🎧
Okay, students. We’ll ________________ Beethoven’s deafness today. It is not known for sure
when he began to go deaf. But he kept the fact a secret until 1801 when he wrote a friend
about his “miserable life”. ________________ you imagine how deeply he suffered from that? He
was totally deaf by 1818. That means his greatest work, the Ninth Symphony, was done
without him being able to hear. That symphony was written in 1822. The fact that one of
the greatest symphonies in the world was ________________ by an old, deaf person
________________ be kept in our minds.
Basic Drill
A Listen to part of a conversation, and answer the question.
1. Why does the male student ask about the summer vacation trip? CD 1-22
A To lend a book to his friend
B To go on vacation with his friend
C To explain about the book
D To tell his friend about his trip

Listen again, and choose the correct words.

M: Jenny! Are you and your friends going to Malaysia this summer vacation?
W: Yes, we are. We are going to a (coastal area/ coast area). Why? Do you want to join
us?
M: No, I just (want to lent you/ wanted to lend you) one of my books. It’s called “The
Dos and Don’ts in (South Asia/ South Asian) Countries.” It helped me a lot during
(my last trip/ my lost trip). Do you want to read it?
W: (Dos and don’ts/ Dons and don’ts)! That sounds interesting. Yes, I want to read it.
Can I (borrow it/ burrow it)?

2. Why does the man talk with the woman? CD 1-23

A To go to the party with the woman
B Because making Jack-o’-lanterns is fun
C To talk about Halloween costumes
D To borrow the woman’s costume from last year

Listen again, and choose the correct words.

M: I bought a pumpkin, and I will make a Jack-o’-lantern tomorrow.

W: Oh, is Halloween already coming?
M: Yeah, the (school facts/ school faculty) is letting us use the gym for the Halloween
part. I am (so excited/ so exciting) about it, but I have not decided yet what
(customs to wear/ costume to wear) this year. I don’t want to wear just a (plain
vampire/ plane vampire) costume like last year. Have you (deciding what to wear/
decided what to wear)? You looked so great in the Cat Woman costume last year.
W: Me? No. Last year’s party was great, but I will (be at home/ be on home) this year.
Basic Drill

B Listen to part of a lecture, and answer the question.

1. What is the main purpose of the lecture? CD 1-24
A To create a business relationship
B To talk about the importance of neighbors
C To explain the main reason for sharing food
D To keep peaceful relationships with friends

Listen again, and choose the correct words.

People of all cultures (sheer food/ share food) to create and (maintain friendships/ make
friendships) with others. When we invite each other into our homes, we (often except/
often expect) to have fun eating with each other. We also go out to have dinner or (meet
for lunch/ meat for lunch) for many social reasons. Sharing food (carries affection/
carried effects), familiarity, and (good willing/ good will).

2. Why does the speaker say this? CD 1-25

A To insist that silent films were more beautiful
B To explain how movies were before the late 1920s
C To say that the actors in the 1920s were good at acting
D To suggest an old, soundless film

Listen again, and choose the correct words.

It would (be bored/ be boring) if there were no sound when you watched a movie. But
most films were silent before the late 1920s. It required a (greater emphasis/ great
emphasize) on body language and (face impressions/ facial expressions) so the (audios/
audience) could understand better (what actors/ what acts) were feeling and (portraits
on screen/ portraying on screen).
Practice with Short Passages

A Listen to part of a conversation, and answer the questions CD 1-26

1. Why does Cindy ask John about the cafeteria?

A She is curious to see it
B She was looking for a place to eat
C She wants to know the location for Jenny
D John is not having lunch today

2. Why doesn’t Cindy want the food at the cafeteria?

A The cafeteria is not clean
B She is sick from food poisoning
C John got sick from eating at the cafeteria
D She has a bad memory about the food

3. Listen again, and fill in the blanks.

W: John, do you know ________________? Jenny asked me seconds ago. But I don’t know
where it is
M: The cafeteria? It’s _____________ of Building C. Does Jenny want to go there? Then
she can come with me. I am on my way there not. By the way, what about you
_________?
W: Not at the cafeteria. I ____________. Besides, I don’t like cafeteria food. I doubt that
the food at the cafeteria is okay.
M: What do you mean? The food is okay. Besides, how can you say that if you have
never been there before?
W: Well, I don’t know. It is just a bad memory. I got food poisoning ____________. Ever
since then, I just don’t go
M: Oh, yeah? Then you should come with me someday. ______________, Cindy.
 Unit 2 Listening for Main Purpose

B Listen to part of a conversation, and answer the questions CD 1-27

1. Why do the students discuss cloning?

A Because it is a very suprising subject
B Because the students do not know about it
C Because a student has trouble finding the right topic for sociology class
D Because they admire scientists

2. Which reason does Jason say that cloning is bad?

A It helps sick people
B It enables vital body parts to grow
C People are too religious
D It ruins the spirit of God

3. Listen again, and fill in the blanks.

M1: Did you choose a topic for the next sociology class?
M2: Yes, ______________. What about you? Any progress?
M1: No, not really. You know ______________. It is coming to me as something
impossible. Hue… By the way, do you have? Tell me. How are you going to
develop the topic?
M2: Well, actually it is quite simple. The bad side and the good side. For example,
some people say it is good because it ______________. While others say it is bad
because it damages the spirit of God. Moreover, there are people saying
______________ because things can have an _____________ in science.
M1: Hmm… That ___________. I think the teacher will like your idea, Jason.
C Listen to part of a lecture, and answer the questions CD 1-28

1. What is the main purpose of the lecture?

A To illustrate how Roman doctors were in the first century
B To show how great the Roman emperor was
C To explain why the Roman army was so strong
D To compare Roman doctors with modern doctors

2. Why did Roman doctors attend the army’s medical school according to the lecture?
A The civil war was important
B They were keys to the army
C They had fairly low status
D The Roman army did not have doctors

3. Listen again, and fill in the blanks.

Okay class. Today we will talk about ____________________________. As we noted in our

previous class, there was a fifteen-year-long war after Julius Caesar was assassinated.
The war was severe. The number of injured was so many. There was so many that
____________________________ to give medical care to those in need. It was around this time
that the new emperor, Augustus, started thinking about ____________________________. He
realized that medical care was key to the empire and especially an army. ______________,
he needed better doctors. So he started making the profession look more enticing. All
army doctors were ______________ and were given dignified titles, land grants, and special
retirement benefits. Before this, ____________________________
D Listen to part of a lecture, and answer the questions CD 1-29

1. What is the main purpose of this talk?

A To show how the referee is important to the game
B To make the game more fun
C To explain handball violations in soccer
D To declare who the best soccer player is

2. Why will follow this lecture?

A The role of intentions in handball violations
B Handball violations by goalkeepers
C The referee in soccer games
D A soccer game without rules

3. Listen again, and fill in the blanks.

Okay class. Today we will talk about ____________________________. As we noted in our

previous class, there was a fifteen-year-long war after Julius Caesar was assassinated.
The war was severe. The number of injured was so many. There was so many that
____________________________ to give medical care to those in need. It was around this time
that the new emperor, Augustus, started thinking about ____________________________. He
realized that medical care was key to the empire and especially an army. ______________,
he needed better doctors. So he started making the profession look more enticing. All
army doctors were ______________ and were given dignified titles, land grants, and special
retirement benefits. Before this, ____________________________
Practice with Short Passages

A Listen to part of a conversation, and answer the questions. CD 1-30

1. What is the main purpose of this conversation?

A The man shows how he is well-prepared for the test
B The man believes the woman does not understand his problem
C The man wants to know if the teacher can review his outline before the test
D The teacher is very busy with the students

2. Why does the woman think everything will work out just fine?
A The man looks concerned
B The teacher will look at the man’s outlines before the exam
C The teacher has many students to help
D The man already has outlines for the exam
 Unit 2 Listening for Main Purpose

3. Listen again, and fill in the blanks.

M: The midterm is right ______________, but I’m not fully ______________. Do you have a
good idea for me?
W: You still have three days!
M: Yeah, but three days will fly past ______________.
W: How about the outline for the test? If you already have it, you shouldn’t be so
worried about it.
M: I know. ____________________________, I have some outlines already.
W: Then, what’s the real problem?
M: I am just not sure if they are going to be fine.
W: Didn’t you ask the teacher for help? He said he would be happy to look at the
outlines before the exam
M: I know. The real problem is that I found out that there were many students
______________ to see him. I guess it is too late
W: I wouldn’t say that! Send your outline to him by e-mail. He said e-mail would
______________ for him. And I am sure you will ____________________________.
M: Really? How come I don’t remember that!
W: Come on! Listen. I think three days is enough to ____________________________. You’ve
been studying hard for his class, so everything will work out just fine.

4. Complete the following summary with the words below

There are three days left until the midterm exam. The man is now ____________________________
the midterm because he feels he is ______________. He already has some outlines to write
______________, but he finds the teacher will have no time to look at ____________________________.
The woman suggests that the man send the teacher his outlines ______________. The woman
believes the man will ____________________________ before the exam.

his outlines receive the teacher’s response by e-mail

During the exam worrying about not fully prepared
B Listen to part of a conversation, and answer the questions. CD 1-31

1. Why is the student asking his friend about rafting?

A He likes rafting
B He works for the camp ground
C He has nothing to do for spring break
D He wants to know if rafting is dangerous

2. According to the conversation, why did they go feet first when they fell in the
water?
A To go fast in the water
B To avoid hitting a rock or something
C To have more fun
D To pull the raft
3. Listen again, and fill in the blanks.

M1: I am thinking about rafting during my ____________________________, but I am not sure

if it is dangerous. Have you ______________?
M2: Yeah, actually. My friends and I did a weeklong rafting trip in Delaware. I don’t
remember the name of the river.
M1: Did anything ______________?
M2: Yeah, we went ____________________________. It was exciting, but it was very rough, so
a few friends fell in. It was still very dangerous because of many rocks in the
water
M1: Wow, it sounds dangerous. So what ___________________________?
M2: The water was moving quickly. If you’re going head first, you could hit a rock or
something. So they tried to go feet first. And then we quickly
____________________________ over to them and pulled them back in.
M1: Hmm… I don’t know now if I am going to go rafting.
M2: Ha ha… Don’t worry. Everyone wore a life vest. ____________________________, so all
you have to do ____________________________. It will be fun
M1: Okay, I will try it. Thanks for the tip.

4. Complete the following summary with the words below.

Student A did not ___________________________ if he would go rafting during his spring break. He
wants to know from student B if it is dangerous. Student B talks about ______________ on a
______________ with his friends. Once his friends fell in the water when they went through
rapids, ____________________________, no one got hurt. Student B explains to student A
____________________________ hitting rocks when he falls in ______________ water.

fast-moving his experience decide

how to avoid rafting trip but fortunately
C Listen to part of a lecture, and answer the questions. CD 1-32

1. What is the lecturer trying to show the students?

A War is necessary in human history
B Nations always solve their disagreements peacefully
C Negotiations are always difficult
D War happens because of human nature

2. According to the lecture, what is not a reason for one nation to argue with another
nation?
A Human rights
B Hunting and gathering
C Injustices in the past
D Borders
 Unit 2 Listening for Main Purpose

3. Listen again, and fill in the blanks.

Why do countries go to war? That is a complicated question. There have been thousands
of wars ___________________________. Each one has its own causes. In general, wars between
nations and societies start a lot like fights between two people. There is a disagreement
over something. When people disagree, they usually try to ___________________________
peacefully through negotiations; Sometimes they ___________________________; other times
they don’t. With countries, you cannot just ___________________________ when things go
wrong. War happens when ___________________________ that can’t be resolved
___________________________ peacefully. There are many things nations argue over: borders,
rights to natural resources, ___________________________, human rights, and many others. The
list goes on and on, War is as old as ___________________________. Hunter and gatherer tribes
from thousands of years ago fought with each other over access to food and water. Some
psychologists believe war is the human version of ___________________________.

4. Complete the following summary with the words below

War is a ___________________________ when there is a disagreement. It is like a fight between two
people. Nations ___________________________, natural resources, injustices in the past, and
___________________________. There are so many issues that it is ___________________________
everything. Animals have instinctive behavior, and war is the ___________________________ of
animal behavior. Since humans ___________________________, wars have happened.

human version human rights fight between nations

organized society hard to list argue over borders
D Listen to part of a lecture, and answer the questions. CD 1-33

1. Why does the professor explain the midterm exam?

A He wants to help student think critically
B He wants to be a good lecturer
C He wants to help the students get good grades
D He wants to see the students’ outlines for the exam

2. According to the lecture, why does the professor suggest the students write trial
outlines before the exam?
A He feels comfortable looking at the students’ outlines
B He wants to see their notes and lab test results
C It helps student to combine definitive answers for the exam
D It helps the students to organize their answers well
 Unit 2 Listening for Main Purpose

3. Listen again, and fill in the blanks.

Now, as you know already, there will be a ___________________________ next week. The exam
will be an open-book, open-note, and __________________________. But you can’t use a
classmate or me ___________________________. Many of the questions on this exam don’t have
definitive answers. I wish to assess your ___________________________ and your ability to
___________________________. A poorly organized answer will not get the same grade as a
well-organized answer. Here are some good ways to study for the exam. First of all, it
would be better for you to ___________________________ your lecture notes. That means you
may need to ___________________________ and lab test results if you have not done that
already. I strongly suggest that ___________________________. I would be happy to look at your
outlines before the exam. I think it will make you feel ___________________________. Just stop
by my office.

4. Complete the following summary with the words below

The midterm exam will be an ___________________________. It requires critical thinking ability
and the ability to combine ideas. That is why there are no ___________________________, but the
answers must be ___________________________ to receive good grades. It is better to be
___________________________ and ___________________________ for the test. The trial outline will be
very useful, and the teacher wants to ___________________________.

help on it definitive answers lab test results

well-organized prepared with notes open resources test
Integrated Listening & Speaking
In this section, you will study speaking with the previous lecturers you just listened to.
First, you will hear the lecturers you listened to previously. Then you will be asked to
answer some question based on the listening sections. But remember you have to say the
answers. There is no writing.

A Listen to a lecture while looking at the organizer, and answer the questions in your
own words CD 1-34

1. Why do countries go to war?

(1) They go to war when they can’t resolve ___________________________ peacefully.
(2) They go to war when ________________ between countries cannot be resolved ______________.

2. What do countries usually have disagreements over?

(1) They argue over ___________________, _______________________, and __________________________.
(2) There are unlimited ______________________ for war.

3. What does the lecturer say about human nature?

(1) War happens because humans have a version of __________________________.
(2) Animals sometimes kill each other to _______________________, and so do humans.
Integrated Listening & Speaking

B Listen to a lecture while looking at the organizer, and answer the questions in your
own words CD 1-35

1. Why does the professor tell the students that they should not worry about the
exam?
(1) The exam will be an _________________________ test.
(2) Students can use every ___________________ except __________________ and the _________________.

2. Why do students need to collect notes and lab tests?

(1) Students need to _________________ and _________________ them before the exam
(2) Organizing and reviewing notes and lab tests will help the students to _________________
for the exam.

3. Why do the answers have to be well-organized?

(1) They show the students’ _________________ to _________________.
(2) The teacher wishes to see how the students _______________ the ideas from the answers.
Mini

Listen to part of a conversation between two students CD 1-36

1. What is the main purpose of this conversation?

A To set an appointment for fencing practice
B To finish the project for the science fair at school
C To help Peter’s father clean the garage
D To study sociology together on Tuesday

2. Which of the following is not true according to the conversation?

A Jim is not as busy as Peter is
B Jim is a little bit lazy about his English essay
C Peter is very occupied with his busy schedule
D Peter is not a good friend to Jim

3. Listen again to part of the conversation, and answer the question 🎧

Why can’t Peter practice fencing with Jim on Tuesday?
A He has to study for the sociology exam all day
B He has to finish his essay
C He has an exam, soccer practice, and homework during the day
D He has sociology class all day
 Unit 2 Listening for Main Purpose

Listen to part of a lecture in a biology class CD 1-37

4. What is the main purpose of this lecture?

A To promote blood donating
B To understand the human body and its mechanisms
C To illustrate the functions of living cells
D To explain why people have different types of blood

5. According to the professor, what was the main reason that patients donated their
own blood?
A To keep the body healthy
B To make new blood in the bones
C To have a perfect blood match for transfusions
D To donate blood to other people

6. Listen again to part of the lecture, and answer the question.

What point does the professor make when she says this? 🎧
A Humans have a lot of blood in their bodies
B The blood delivers essential elements and removes harmful waste
C Blood has a life cycle like all living organisms do
D The human body would stop working without blood
Vocabulary Review
A Choose and write the correct word that matches each definition
familiarity significant donate defend instinctive
digest intentional vital prompt transfusion
argue affect wound nourish nourishment

wound
1. _____________________ any break in the skin or an organ
2. _____________________ to debate or discuss
3. _____________________ a source of materials to nourish the body
4. _____________________ acting or produced without reasoning
5. _____________________ to give an incentive
6. _____________________ transferring the blood of one man into another
7. _____________________ a close or warm friendship
8. _____________________ very necessary; highly important; essential
9. _____________________ by conscious design or purpose
10. _____________________ important in effect or meaning
11. _____________________ to take in absorb through one’s body
12. _____________________ to take action in order to protect something
13. _____________________ to influence something or someone to change in some way
14. _____________________ to provide someone or something with the blood that is necessary
15. _____________________ to present or contribute in an effort to help
B Fill in the blanks using the words below and match the right expressions
I remember You can’t just, I bet
As a matter of fact War is as old as It is now recognized as
war is as old as •
1. _____________________ • you knew that you weren’t supposed to use your
hands.
2. _____________________ • • put a wall between you and your neighbors when
things go wrong.
3. _____________________ • • he said e-mail would work better for him.
4. _____________________ • • organized society.
5. _____________________ • • I already have some outlines to write
6. _____________________ • • an international icon for peace.
Vocabulary Review

Unit 3
Listening for Major Details
Unit 3 Listening for Major Details

Overview
■ Introduction
In detail questions, you must understand and remember explicit details or facts from a
lecture or a conversation. These details are typically related to the main idea of the text by
giving examples and elaborating on a topic or many other supporting statements.
Questions are mostly asked about major details from the conversation or lecture, not minor
ones

■ Useful tips
● No question type need note taking more than detail questions. Make most of your notes
about details.
● Listen carefully to the major details of the conversation or lecture, not the minor ones.
● The answer to the detail question is mostly written in paraphrased sentence form from
the text.
● If you are not sure of the correct response, decide which one of the choices is the most
consistent with main idea of the conversation or lecture.

■ Question Types
1. According to the professor, what is one way that X can affect Y?
2. What are X?
3. What resulted from the invention of the X?
4. According to the professor, what is the main problem with the X theory?
 Unit 3 Listening for Major Details

Sample Question CD 2-01

According to the conversation, who manufactured the first

commercial modems?
A Bell 103
B AT&T
C The North American air defense
D Technology Communications

Script
M: I heard that the modem was invented much earlier than I thought.
W: Really? When was it invented?
M: It was invented during the 1950s for the North American air defense. And it was digital.
W: Wow! That is pretty impressive. I know that AT&T produced commercial modems in
1962. They were called the Bell 103.
M: Yeah, it usually takes a decade for the general public to see what the military uses.
W: I think that’s always the case. And it is funny that you mentioned a decade. E-mail was
invented ten years after the first commercial modem was introduced
M: You are right, but e-mail did not get popular until the early 1990s. Technology really
takes time to take off

Correct answer The correct response to the above question is (B). If the students listen
carefully, they won’t have any difficulty in picking out the right answer
Listening Skill Practice
■ Linking
In a dictionary, words are given in isolation. In natural connected speech, however, words
within the same phrase or sentence are often connected into sound groups. Connecting
groups of words is referred to as linking. Linking is a way of joining the pronunciation. If
you recognize and use linking, two things will happen:
(1) You will understand what you are told.
(2) What you say will be understood more easily.

There are basically five types of linking:

1. Content to Vowels
We link words ending with a consonant sound to words beginning with a vowel sound. The
consonant seems to become part of the following word.
live in with it pull out push out back up

2. Consonants to Consonants
When a word that ends with a stop consonant is followed by a word that begins with a
consonant, the stop consonant at the end of the first word is usually unleashed, and there
seems to be a pause or a sudden stoppage of breath in between. This is known as “open
juncture”.
lap dog get by light glass bad base old man

3. Identical Consonants
The two identical and adjacent consonants are pronounced as one long consonant. This is
another case of “open juncture”.
hit two tough fight some money black cat big girl

4. Vowels to Vowels
When one word ends with a vowel sound such as /iy/, /ey/, /uw/, or /ow/ and the next
word begins with a vowel, another sound, a /w/ or /j/, can be added depending on the
particular sounds in order to make a smooth transition
be on pay up blue ocean grow up
Listening Skill Practice

5. Vowels to Semi-Vowels
When one word ends with a vowel sound such as /iy/, /ey/, /uw/, or /ow/ and the next
word begins with the same semi-vowels, they will be linked like identical consonants.
free union say yes who would go west

Skill Practice CD 2-02

A. Reading the following sentences loudly, and circle the linking parts. Then, listen to
each sentence, and check your answers. 🎧
1. A man cannot be said to have succeeded in this life if he does not satisfy one friend.
2. He’s been a potter, and he’s not bad as a sculptor.
3. Money is merely a convenient medium of exchange, nothing more and nothing less.
4. Better be wise by the misfortunes of others than by your own.
5. Due to the kindness of friends, we have an apartment to stay in here and can easily reach
the hospital.

B. Listen to the following dialog, and circle the linking parts 🎧

W: Mr. Boyle, can I ask a favor?
M: Of course. What can I do for you?
W: Actually, I was so sick, so I couldn’t attend your class yesterday. Can I have yesterday’s
material?
M: Why not? Here you are.

C. Listen to part of a lecture, and fill in the blanks with suitable words. 🎧
Okay, so, if you have no further questions on this, let’s _______________ the makeup of the
atom. An atom _______________ an extremely small, positively ___________________ surrounded by
a ________________ negatively-charged electrons. Although the nucleus is typically less than
one _________________ of the atom, the nucleus contains more than 99.9% of the atom’s mass.
The neclei consist of positively- ___________________ and electrically neutral neutrons
_________________ by the so-called strong, or nuclear, force.
Basic Drill
A Listen to part of a conversation, and answer the question
1. What is the procedure when a library card is lost? CD 2-03
A Just make a new card
B Cancel the previous one, and never issue it again
C Cancel the lost card, and make a new one
D Just tell the librarian that the card is lost

Listen again, and choose the correct words.

W1: Hi, I need to (cheek out/ check out) some books today, but I lost my library card.
Did anyone (return/ review) it by any chance?
W2: Let me check the lost and found. What’s your name?
W1: Kelly Hamm.
W2: Give me a second. Sorry, nobody turned it in. I think we have to cancel your
(preview card/ previous card) and issue you a new one.
W1: Oh thanks. Please do whatever it takes. Oh… by the way can you check if anyone
has checked out a book my card?
W2: (Certainly/ Contain), I’ll do that. Meanwhile, just (fill out/ feel our) this
(appliance/ application).

2. What was the problem with the student’s writing? CD 2-04

A The information supported the theme
B The information did not support the theme and was confusing
C The information did not support the introduction and conclusion
D The information supported nothing
Listen again, and choose the correct words.

W: Speaking about your writing you had a (strong introduction/ strong introduce)
and (conduction/ conclusion), but your body did not support the theme strongly
M: Can you (explaining tale/ explain it in detail)?
W: Sure. You need to explain and support your theme in the body. Some of the
information didn’t support the theme, and some parts were (confusing/
puzzling).
M: I see. Could you underline the parts that were confusing and (miss
lead/misleading)?
W: I already did. I wrote down some (comments in the margin/ commend in the
margin).
M: Thank you, Mrs. Larson. I’ll redo it correctly this time
B Listen to part of a conversation, and answer the question.
1. What was the purpose of the demonstration led by Martin Luther King, Jr? CD 2-05
A The purpose was to fight against racism and segregation
B The purpose was to fight against the city
C The purpose was to fight against the state
D The purpose was to fight against police officers and firefighters

Listen again, and choose the correct words.

In 1963, Martin Luther King, Jr. lead a massive (demonstration/ presentation) in

Birmingham, Alabama. The protest was (about racial/ against racism) in the United
States. People including children and teenagers took to the streets to fight for their
rights. However, (tremendously/ tragically), police officers and firefighters tried to stop
them with dogs and high-pressure water hoses. They were (vitally attacked/ brutally
attacked) by dogs and torrents of water from fire hoses. These scenes were shown in
newspapers and on television around the world. Of course, these scenes (touched
person’s hurt/ touched people’s hearts), so the demonstrators gained support against
(sensation/ segregation.

2. How long does the moon take to rotate Earth? CD 2-06

A Exactly 27 days
B 27 days, 7 hours, and 43 minutes
C Less than 27 days
D 27 days and 8 hours

Listen again, and choose the correct words.

Both the rotation of the moon and its (revolution/ evolution) around Earth takes 27
days, 7 hours, and 43 minutes to be exact. Because of this (motion/ emotion), the moon
appears to move about 13o against the stars each day, or about half of a (agree per our/
degree per hour). If you watch the moon over the course of several hours one night, you
will notice that its position among the stars will change by a few degrees. The (alter
location/ changing position) of the moon with (respect to the sun/ expect to the son)
leads to (longer face/ lunar phrases).
Practice with Short Passages
A Listen to part of a conversation, and answer the questions CD 2-07

1. What subject is the woman concerned about?

A Economics
B Political science
C U.S politics
D The U.S Constitution

2. What does the man suggest that the woman do to do well in political science?
A Concentrate on vocabulary, laws, and events
B Focus on the vocabulary and laws only
C Concentrate on the vocabulary and events only
D Focus on the terms, lawyers, and events
Practice with Short Passages

3. Listen again, and fill in the blanks

W: I have a problem _______________. Literally, I know nothing about it and regret

taking it. I should have dropped the class.
M: Calm down, Jane. Students take classes to learn.
W: I know. But I am so clueless. I am just not so into the ______________________________.
And again, the words are _______________.
M: Jane, let me tell you something. Based on my experience, you just need to try. You
know, the words may sound difficult, but they are not at all that difficult. Once
you _______________, basic laws, and events, political science is a very interesting
and easy subject. On top of that, you have me to help you.
M: Do you really think so?
M: Yes, I’m sure. Everything’s up to you. If you think positively and _______________
everything will become easy.
 Unit 3 Listening for Major Details
B Listen to part of a conversation, and answer the questions CD 2-08

1. What doesn’t Cindy take Spanish class next semester?

A Because Mr. Rodriguez is not teaching next semester
B Because Mr. Rodriguez is not teaching anymore
C Because Mr. Rodriguez is teaching French next semester
D Because Mr. Rodriguez is teaching English next semester

2. What does the man suggest that the woman to take Spanish class next semester?
A Because Cindy might forget Spanish
B Because Cindy might not be able to take Spanish anymore
C Because Annie wants to take a foreign language with Cindy
D Because Cindy might forget French
 Unit 3 Listening for Major Details

3. Listen again, and fill in the blanks.

W1: Annie, what are you taking _______________?
W2: Well, as you can guess, English, math, science, music, French and history.
W1: Oh wow. ______________________________.
W2: I know, but that’s what I have go to do. What about you, Cindy?
W1: Pretty much the same, but _______________ Spanish
W2: You are going to skip a _______________? Why? You are going to forget if you stop
using the language.
W1: I know, but I heard that Mr. Rodriguez is not going to teach next semester. I
would _______________ and take his class
W2: You really don’t want to be in another teacher’s class?
W1: Well, I guess I’m used to his teaching style since I have had him for 2 semesters
already.
C Listen to part of a lecture, and answer the questions CD 2-09

1. What is mitosis?
A Mitosis is a nuclear division that involves four phases
B Mitosis is a cell division that involves four phases
C Mitosis is a cell disruption that involves four phases
D Mitosis is a cell division that involves four phases

2. What happens in prophase?

A The chromosome duplicates to form chromatids
B The chromosome duplicates to form centromeres
C The chromosome become inactive
D The chromosome expand

3 Listen again, and fill in the blank

We are going to discuss mitosis. Mitosis is a process of cell division. As a _______________,

two daughter cells are produced _________________. The daughter cells are __________________
and to the original parent cell. Mitosis _________________ called prophase, metaphase,
anaphase, and telophase. Let’s discuss each phase here. In prophase, each chromosome
duplicates to form two sister chromatids. in metaphase, the chromosomes
___________________ and are held by microtubules and the centromere. In anaphase, the
centromeres divide, and sister chromatids separate and ________________ move toward the
matching poles. Finally in telophase, daughter chromosomes _______________, and the
microtubules disappear. The chromatin __________________. The cytoplasm divides, and the
cell membrane pinches inward, producing two daughter cells.
D Listen to part of a lecture, and answer the questions CD 2-10

1. What role did Pocahontas play between the British colony and the Native
Americans?
A Pocahontas was a spy for the British colonists.
B Pocahontas was an agent for the British colonists and the Spanish.
C Pocahontas was a spy for the Spanish.
D Pocahontas was a mediator between the British colony and the Spanish.

2. What did the marriage between Pocahontas and John Rolfe do to the war between
the British colony and the Native Americans?
A The marriage started a war.
B The marriage brought freedom.
C The marriage brought hatred.
D The marriage ended the war.
3 Listen again, and fill in the blank

In my opinion, Pocahontas was a spy for the colonists. Yes, she ___________________
between the British colonists and the Native Americans, but she was more of a spy. As
you know, she even ___________________. However, she didn’t think of herself as a spy, and
the colonists didn’t trust her much despite her help. In a way, we could say she was a
sad spy. Unfortunately, ___________________ the Powhatans and the colonists and the
colonists. The colonists captured her and brought her to Jamestown. While she was in
Jamestown as a hostage, she freely ___________________ and married John Rolfe. As we all
know, this marriage brought the war to its end. What do you think? Was she a mediator
or a spy? I believe she was a spy, a spy ___________________.
Practice with Long Passages
A Listen to part of a conversation, and answer the questions CD 2-11

1. Why does the student like Ms. McKenna so much?

A Ms. McKenna spoke softly, explained carefully, and answered all the questions seriously.
B Ms. McKenna gave good grades to students
C The student knows Ms. McKenna personally
D Ms. McKenna spoke loudly but explained thoroughly

2. What did the student realize at the end of the conversation?

A Miss Davis made the student realize that nothing is important but math.
B The student realized that she can do things if she tries hard.
C Miss Davis made the student realized that Ms. McKenna is a good teacher.
D Miss Davis made the student realize that nothing is possible
Practice with Long Passages

3. Listen again, and fill in the blanks.

W1: Good afternoon, Miss Davis. I was told by James that you wanted to see me in
your office
W2: Oh, I did. Thank you for coming, Jean. Have a seat. (pause) How are you? Is
everything going fine?
W1: Yes, pretty much. What about you, Miss Davis? I haven’t seen you for a while
W2: Yes, I was away for a while. Actually I went to Arizona and met your mother
there. Didn’t she tell you about it?
W1: No, she didn’t. But that’s great. How is she?
W2: She is fine. To me, she is still as exuberant as she was 20 years ago. You will
never know how great a teacher your mother was. Anyway, how was your
semester?
W1: It was fun. The teachers were nice, especially Ms. McKenna. I loved her class.
Strange… I never like math and____________________________ until I met Ms. McKenna
W2: Many of her students____________________________ in the past, too.
W1: Who could have guessed that I could get an A in math
W2: Why not? You are smart. You can get an A in any subject you want as long as you
try
W1: I believe so. I should have tried harder instead of giving up and neglecting the
hard subjects.

4. Complete the following summary with the words below.

The fall semester is over. Jean ____________________________ Miss Davis. When Miss Davis asked
Jean how her ____________________________, she told her that her semester was
___________________________. She also added that because of Ms. McKenna’s
____________________________and teaching skill, she was ____________________________ an A in math.
____________________________, Jean realized that as long as she tries, she can do better in classes.
semester went enthusiastic able to receive
during the conversation visited her councilor completed successfully
B Listen to part of a conversation, and answer the questions. CD 2-12

1. Why is the student grateful to the teacher?

A The teacher encouraged and helped the student to do well in her political science class
B The teacher gave the student a satisfying grade
C The teacher persuaded the student to economize his budget
D The teacher encouraged and helped the student to do well in economics class

2. What does the teacher believe teachers should do for their students?
A Help students to learn and succeed in the future
B Help students to learn and enjoy life
C Help students to learn and succeed now
D Help students to have good grades
 Unit 3 Listening for Major Details

3. Listen again, and fill in the blanks.

W: Hi. Finally, the semester is over

M: Are you happy that you don’t have to come to my class anymore?
W: Yes… I’m just kidding
M: You had better be kidding
W: I actually wanted to say thank you. As you know, I was ________________________when
this class started first. I thought I wouldn’t be ____________________________, and look
what I got
M: Congratulations.
W: Thank you. Without your help, I ____________________________ this class. you
made economics so easy and fun for me
M: Well, you are the one who tried hard and ____________________________.If you weren’t
showing any effort, I probably wouldn’t have helped you
W: You ____________________________ to put in the effort and try my best.
M: It’s my job to help students ____________________________ in the future
W: You are an____________________________ . I wish you could teach all my classes
M: I’m sure you are going to meet _______________________ and helpful teachers
____________________________ your school life. Come by whenever you need help
W: I will. Thank you so much
M: Enjoy your winter break

4. Complete the following summary with the words below.

The fall semester is over, and _______________________ to Mr. Nelson, her _______________________
for his help and _______________________ throughout the semester. The student believes that
without his help, she could not have _______________________, _______________________, Mr. Nelson
insists that he doesn’t help students who don’t _______________________.

on the other hand economics teacher encouragement

make an effort a student is grateful completed the class
B Listen to part of a conversation, and answer the questions. CD 2-13

1. What is a process which involves water in the plants?

A The process is called photosynthesis
B The process is called photo analysis
C The process is called psychiatry
D The process is called photography

2. What factors play an important role in the plant respiration process?

A Air movement and humility play vital roles in the respiration process
B Air movement and humidity play vital roles in the respiration process
C Moisture and humidity play vital roles in the respiration process
D The species and moisture play vital roles in the respiration process
 Unit 3 Listening for Major Details

3. Listen again, and fill in the blanks.

W: Today’s ____________________________. As you all know, water is very important for all
the living things on Earth. We can’t live without water. So do plants. Water plays
little may dry the Depending on the species of the plants, some have the
____________________________ for short period of time while others can store for
longer period of time. In addition, air movement and humidity play important
roles in the____________________________ of your plants. Now, I want to talk about a
process called photosynthesis.
M1: I remember learning it in junior high. Isn’t it a process which involves water and
sunlight?
W: Yes, exactly. Let’s see how much you remember what you were taught in junior
high. Who can tell us about photosynthesis more in detail?
M2: Water is moved upward from the roots to the leaves,
carrying____________________________
W: Anyone else?
M1: These____________________________, together with carbon dioxide and dissolved
oxygen from the water and sunlight, allow photosynthesis to take place,
producing a sugar____________________________ sucrose.
W: Very good!

4. Complete the following summary with the words below.

Plants cannot___________________________ without water. One of the major________________________
that requires water is call photosynthesis. During the photosynthesis process, water moves
from the___________________________ to leaves carrying dissolved nutrient and minerals.
Then___________________________, carbon dioxide and___________________________ from the water
and sunlight ___________________________.

dissolved oxygen roots respiration processes

complete photosynthesis with these nutrients survive
B Listen to part of a lecture, and answer the questions. CD 2-14

1. What is anthropologist Abbé Breuil’s interpretation of the animal painting?

A The animal paintings were taken as their gods.
B The animal paintings were taken as symbols of their written language.
C The animal paintings were taken as hunting magic, meant to increase
the number of animals.
D The animal paintings were taken as hunting magic, meant to decrease the number of
animals.

2. How are the paintings of the humans portrayed when compared to the animals?
A They are more colorful.
B They are more naturalistic.
C They are rare and usually schematic.
D Most of the paintings are of humans.
 Unit 3 Listening for Major Details

3. Listen again, and fill in the blanks.

M1: We are going to start chapter 3 today. The chapter is_____. Who can tell us about
cave paintings?
M2: The drawings are mostly of animals.
M1: Correct. The animals are mostly bison, horses, and deer. The most
___________________ in cave paintings are large, wild animals such as bison, horses,
aurochs, and deer. Anthropologist Abbé Breuil _______________ as being hunting
magic. That is to say, they were meant to increase the number of animals.
____________________ and are usually schematic rather than the more naturalistic
____________________. Who can guess when cave painting started?
W1: Prehistoric times…
M1: Yes…the paintings were made during the upper Paleolithic, about 40,000 years
ago. Let me ask you another question. Who drew the paintings?
W1: Artists…
M1: Good answer, but who were the artists? What were their positions?
W2: ____________________?
M1: ____________________. The artists were believed to be ____________________ or shamans.
The main colors of the paintings were limited to yellow, brown, charcoal, red,
hematite, and manganese oxide.

4. Complete the following summary with the expressions below.

Cave paintings started ____________________ 40,000 years ago during the upper Paleolithic
Period. The pictures are ____________________ such as bison, horses, aurochs, and deer. The
____________________ yellow, brown, charcoal, red, hematite, and manganese oxide.
____________________ the naturalistic animal paintings, the drawings of humans are
____________________. The artists were ____________________ respected elders and shamans.

believed to be approximately contrasted to

more schematic and rare mainly of animals colors were limited to
Integrated Listening & Speaking
In this section, you will study speaking with the previous lectures you just listened to. First,
you will hear the lectures you listened to previously. Then you will be asked to answer
some questions based on the listening sections. But remember you have to say the answers.
There is no writing.

A Listen to a lecture while looking at the organizer, and answer the questions in your
own words. CD 2-15

1. What relationship do plant and water have?

(1) Too much water can ___________________ the plant.
(2) ___________________ and ___________________ play important roles in the plant ___________________
process.

2. What steps does the photosynthesis process involve?

(1) Water moves upward from the roots to the leaves, carrying dissolved ___________________
and ___________________.
(2) Water and sunlight __________________ a sugar-like ___________________ called sucrose.

3. Where does photosynthesis take place?

(1) Photosynthesis takes place in ___________________.
(2) Photosynthesis takes place in the___________________, ___________________.
Integrated Listening & Speaking

A Listen to a lecture while looking at the organizer, and answer the questions in your
own words. CD 2-16

1. How did anthropologist Abbé Breuil interpret the paintings?

(1) She interpreted the paintings as ___________________.
(2) She interpreted the paintings as ___________________.

2. What is the theme of the paintings?

(1) The paintings are mostly of ___________________
(2) The paintings are mostly of ___________________, ___________________, __________________, and
___________________.

3. How are the drawings of human and animal paintings compared to one another?
(1) The animal paintings are more ___________________ than the drawings of humans.
(2) The drawings of humans are ___________________ compared to the animal paintings.
Mini

Listen to part of a conversation between 4 students CD 2-17

1. What do the students think is the top priority in deciding the type of fundraising?
A The top priority is profits.
B The top priority is the weather.
C The top priority is profits and the weather
D The top priority is the item.

2. According to the students, why should they have an unlimited number of items?
A Because too many items will bring chaos
B Because more items will attract more customers and increase sales
C Because more items will decrease sales
D Because more items will attract fewer customers

3. Listen again to part of the conversation, and answer the question. 🎧

Why does the man oppose a car wash for fundraising?
A A car wash is exhausting.
B A car wash takes too much time.
C A car wash is out of the question.
D A car wash is an easy job.

Listen to part of a lecture in a literature class CD 2-18

 Unit 3 Listening for Major Details

4. What subject is dominant in Virginia Woolf’s book A Room of One’s Own?

A The subject of pride that helped women writers
B The subject of obstacles and prejudices that hindered women writers
C The subject of women’s achievements in literacy
D The subjects of the pride and prejudice of women writers

5. What is the important idea expressed in Three Guineas?

A The existence of a men’s culture separate from the women’s
B The existence of a women’s culture separate from the men’s
C The coexistence of both men and women
D The segregation of women

6. Listen again to part of the conversation, and answer the question. 🎧

What did the man mean when he said this?
A Women had less control over wealth, and they were less publicly significant than men
B Women had more control over wealth, and they were more publicly significant than men
C Men had more control over wealth, and they were less publicly significant than women
D Men had less control over wealth, and they were more publicly significant than women
Vocabulary Review
A Choose and write the correct word that matches each definition
penetrate mediator segregate term dissolve
interpret earnestly effort dispose substance
semester hinder convert approximate identical
convert
1. _____________________ to persuade or induce to adopt a particular religion, faith, or belief
2. _____________________ one of two divisions of 15 to 18 weeks each in an academic year
3. _____________________ one that reconciles differences between disputants
4. _____________________ marked by or showing deep sincerity or seriousness
5. _____________________ a word or group of words having a particular meaning
6. _____________________ the use of physical or mental energy to do something
7. _____________________ being the same
8. _____________________ to get rid of; to throw out
9. _____________________ to explain the meaning of
10. _____________________ that which has mass and occupies space
11. _____________________ to be mixed with liquid and disappear or to melt
12. _____________________ to make something difficult to progress
13. _____________________ to keep things physically or spiritually apart from each other
14. _____________________ not precise but close to something
15. _____________________ to get into or pass through something
B Fill in the blanks using the words below and match the right expressions
Once you get to I’m used to I’d rather
As I remember Nothing is ever Depends on
Once you get to •
1. _____________________ • his teaching style
2. _____________________ • • water is taken up by the roots and travels up to the
leaves
3. _____________________ • • a dream when you try our best
4. _____________________ • • wait and take his class
5. _____________________ • • the plants. Some can store water longer than others
6. _____________________ • • focus on the vocabulary, laws, and events, it will be
more interesting