X - Biology - Chapter 6 – Life Processes

2 Marks

1. What is common for cuscuta, ticks and leeches?

Ans. Cuscuta, ticks and leeches, all has parasitic mode of nutrition, they harm their
host while taking nutrition.

2. What advantage over an aquatic organism does a terrestrial organism have with
regard to obtaining oxygen for respiration?

Ans. Adaptation of terrestrial organism over aquatic organism for efficient uptake of
oxygen from air –

(i) Increased respiratory surface area.

(ii) Very fine and delicate surface for easy exchange of oxygen and carbon – dioxide.

(iii) Placement of respiratory surface within the body for protection

(iv) Mechanism for moving the air in and out of respiratory surface where the oxygen
is absorbed.

3. Differentiate between single and double circulation found in vertebrates.

Ans.

4. What is the difference between arteries & veins?

Ans

ARTERIES VEINS

1. It carries blood away from the heart.It carries blood towards the heart.

2. They are thick walled. They are thin walked

ARTERIES VEINS

3. They have narrow lumen They have wide lumen

4. Pressure is high Pressure is low

5. It carries oxygenated blood. It carries deoxygenated blood.

5. State two vital functions of kidney.

Ans. Function of kidney are –

It maintains water balance in the body tissues.

It controls calcium levels in the blood to maintain healthy bones.

6. Differentiate between transport of materials in xylem & phloem

Ans.

7. What is the role of glomerulus in kidney?

Ans. Glomerulus is a group of capillaries present in the cup like Bowman’s Capsule. It
receives blood from renal artery which brings excretory wastes from body to the
kidney. It filters water, salts, glucose, urea, the nitrogen containing end products of
proteins and yellow bile compounds from the liver.

8. What criteria do we use to decide whether something is alive?

Ans. All the living organism must have movement at molecular levels along with
respiration and other life process like nutrition, respiration, transportation and
excretion to be called alive.

9. How are the lungs designed in human beings to maximize the area for exchange of
gases?

Ans. In lungs, the bronchioles terminate in balloon-like structures called alveoli. The
alveoli contain network of blood capillaries that increase the surface area for
exchange of gases.
10. Veins and arteries carry blood. Which of these carry blood

Away from the heart and Back to the heart

Ans. a) Arteries carry blood away from the heart.

b) Veins carry blood back to the heart.

3 Marks

1. What are the functions of lymph in our body?

Ans. Functions of lymph are-

a) It returns tissue fluid from interstitial space into the blood.

b) It collects carbon dioxide, waste products and metabolites from tissues via tissue
fluid.

c) Lymph has lymphocytes (WBC’S), the lymph provides immunity to the body and
fight against the invading organisms.

2. How is haemoglobin associated with respiration explained?

Ans. Transportation of oxygen and carbon – dioxide occurs with the help of
respiratory pigment haemoglobin. Haemoglobin is a red pigment having very high
affinity for oxygen. Oxygen is transported from the lungs to the body cells in the
form of oxyhemoglobin. Carbon – dioxide is transported from the body cells to the
lungs in the form of carbamino – haemoglobin

3. What is “translocation”? Why is it essential for plants ?

Ans. Transportation of organic solutes in the plants is called translocation. It is

necessary, because all the cells need food to carry out their vital functions. It occurs
in upward as well as downward direction or to the storage organs of roots, fruits,
seeds and to growing organs.

4. Explain the process of Respiration.

Ans. There are three modes for the exchange of gases in plants –

a) Some small plants can carry out gaseous exchange by simple diffusion over their
whole surfaces.

b) Large flowering plants exchange gases through stomata on their leaves and green
stem.
c) In woody stems, exchange occurs through cracks in the bark or lenticels.

5. How is transpiration pull responsible for upward movement of water?

Ans. The leaves loose water in the form of water vapours through stomata by a
process known as transpiration. Continuous transpiration creates a s suction in the
water column of the xylem elements and it reaches upto the roots. This pull is called
transpiration pull. Due to transpiration, the water column of the plant is pulled up
from below to the top of the plant.

6. With the help of labelled diagram, discuss the structure of cross – section of leaf.

Ans. Leaf has two parts:

(i) Epidermis – Outermost layer of cell is called epidermis. Lower epidermis has small
pores in between cells called stomata.

(ii) Mesophyll – Parenchymatons cells containing chloroplast is called mesophyll. It is

two types – palisade and spongy parenchyma.

7. How are lungs designed in human beings to maximize the area of exchange of
gases

Ans. Lungs have some adaptations in them so that efficient exchanges of gases take
place. The adaptations are –
a) Increased surface area

b) Very fine and delicate surface for easy exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide

c) Mechanism for moving the air in and out of respiratory surface where the oxygen
is absorbed.

8. What is the role of the acids in our stomach?

Ans. HCl plays following role in our stomach:

(a) Make the medium acidic for action of enzyme pepsin.

(b) Kills the harmful bacteria present in food

(c) Prevents fermentation of food

9. What are the components of the transport system in human beings? What are the
functions of these components?

Ans. The components of human transport system include:

(a) Heart- receives and pumps the blood.

(b)Arteries- carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to various organs.

(c) Veins- Bring back blood to heart.

(d) Capillaries- exchange of various materials and gases between blood and tissues.

10. What are the methods used by plants to get rid of excretory products?

Ans. (i) Plant produces carbon dioxide as wastes during respiration and oxygen as
waste during photosynthesis.

(ii) Excess of water is removed through transpiration.

(iii) Some waste products like gums and resins are stored in older xylem tissue

Assertion and Reason

Following questions consist of two statements – Assertion (A) and Reason (R).
Answer these questions selecting the appropriate option given below:

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true.

Q.1. Assertion (A) : Plants lack excretory organs.

Reason (R) : Plants usually absorb essential nutrients.

Answer

(b)

Q.2. Assertion (A) : In anaerobic respiration, one of the end product is alcohol.

Reason (R) : There is an incomplete breakdown of glucose.

Answer

(a)

Q.3. Assertion (A) : In plants there is no need of specialised respiratory organs.

Reason (R) : Plants do not have great demands of gaseous exchange.

Answer

(a)

Q.4. Assertion (A) : Bile is essential for digestion of lipids.

Reason (R) : Bile juice contains enzymes.

Answer

(c)

Q.5. Assertion (A): Arteries are thick-walled and elastic in nature.

Reason (R) : Arteries have to transport blood away from the heart.

Answer

(b)

Q.6. Assertion (A) : Human heart is four-chambered.

Reason (R) : Vena cava is the only artery that supplies deoxygenated blood to the
heart.
Answer

(c)

Q.7. Assertion (A): Energy is required to carry out different life processes.

Reason (R) : Energy is obtained in the form of ATP in the mitochondria.

Answer

(a)

Q.8. Assertion (A): Molecular movements are needed for life.

Reason (R): Body structures made up of these molecules need continuous repair and
maintenance

Answer

(a)

Q.9. Assertion (A): Diffusion does not meet high energy requirements of multi-
cellular organisms

Reason (R) : Diffusion is a fast process but occurs at the surface of the body.

Answer

(c)

Q.10. Assertion : The plants store some of the waste products in their body parts.

Reason: Raphides are the solid waste products of plants.

Answer

(b)

Q.11. Assertion : The movement of water and dissolved salts in xylem is always
upwards.

Reason: ‘The upward movement of water is due to low pressure created by

transpiration.

Answer

(a)

Q.12. Assertion: The average number of heart beat of a person at rest is about 80
per minute.
Reason: One contraction and relaxation of the heart constitutes a complete heart
beat.

Answer

(d)

Q.13. Assertion : Ventricles have thicker walls than auricles.

Reason: Ventricles have to pump blood into various organs with great pressure

Answer

(a)

Q.14. Assertion : Phloem helps in translocation of food from the leaves.

Reason: Phloem provides mechanical support to plant.

Answer

(c)

Q.15. Assertion : Trachea does not collapse, when there is no air in it.

Reason : Trachea is supported by cartilage.

Answer

(a)

Case Study and Passage based questions.

Question 1:

Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v).

All living cells need nutrients, O, and other essential substances. Also, the waste and
harmful substances need to be removed continuously for healthy functioning of cells.
So, a well developed transport system is mandatory for living organisms. Complex
organisms have special fluids within their bodies to transport such materials. Blood is
the most commonly used body fluid by most of the higher organisms. Lymph also
helps in the transport of certain substances.

(i) Which of the following does not exhibit phagocytic activity?

(a) Monocytes

(b) Neutrophils

(c) Basophil

(d) Macrophage

Answer

Answer: (c)

(ii) Amount of blood corpusles in changed in dengue fever. One of the common
symptoms observed in people infected with dengue fever is

(a) significant decrease in RBC count

(b) significant decrease in WBC count

(c) significant decrease in platelets count

(d) significant increase in platelets count.

Answer

Answer: (c)

(iii) Why are WBCs called soldiers of the body?

(a) They are capable of squeezing out of blood capillaries.

(b) They are manufactured in bone marrow.

(c) They fight against disease causing germs.

(d) They have granular cytoplasm with lobed nucleus.

Answer

Answer: (c)

(iv) Name the blood cells, whose reduction in number can cause clotting disorder,
leading to excessive loss of blood from the body.

(a) Erythrocytes

(b) Neutrophils

(c) Leucocytes

(d) Thrombocytes
Answer

Answer: (d)

(v) Which of the following is the correct feature of lymph?

(a) It is similar to the plasma of blood, but is colourless and contains less proteins.

(b) It is similar to the WBCs of blood, but is colourless and contain more proteins.

(c) It is similar to the RBCs of blood and red in colour.

(d) It contains more fats.

Answer

Answer: (a)

Question 2:

Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v).

Heterotrophic nutrition is a mode of nutrition in which organisms obtain readymade

organic food from outside sources. The organisms that depend upon outside sources
for obtaining organic nutrients are called heterotrophs.

Heterotrophic nutrition is of three types: saprophytic, parasitic and holozoic

nutrition.

(i) In which of the following groups of organisms food material is broken outside the
body and absorbed?

(a) Mushroom, green plants, Amoeba

(b) Yeast, mushroom, bread mould

(c) Paramecium, Amoeba, Cuscuta

(d) Cuscuta, lice, tapeworm

Answer

Answer: (b)

(ii) Which of the following is a parasite?

(a) Yeast
(b) Taenia

(c) Amoeba

(d) Earthworm

Answer

Answer: (b)

(iii) Which of the following is an example of saprotroph?

(a) Grass

(b) Mushroom

(c) Amoeba

(d) Paramecium

Answer

Answer: (b)

(iv) Heterotrophic nutrition involves

(a) production of simple sugar from inorganic compounds

(b) utilisation of chemical energy to prepare food

(c) utilisation of energy obtained by plants

(d) all of these.

Answer

Answer: (c)

(v) In Paramecium, food enters the body through

(a) mouth

(b) pseudopodia

(c) cilia

(d) cytostome

Answer

Answer: (d)