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Research Methodology

The document discusses the concept of mode in statistics. Mode is defined as the value that occurs most frequently in a data set. There are different types of modes depending on the number of most frequent values, including unimodal, bimodal, trimodal and multimodal. Formulas to calculate mode are provided for ungrouped and grouped data. Strengths of mode include its ease of calculation and ability to provide insights for nominal data. Limitations are its lack of rigid definition and inability for further algebraic treatment. Applications of mode are discussed in consumer markets, opinion polls, and determining common positions in companies.

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Dweep Bajaj
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41 views

Research Methodology

The document discusses the concept of mode in statistics. Mode is defined as the value that occurs most frequently in a data set. There are different types of modes depending on the number of most frequent values, including unimodal, bimodal, trimodal and multimodal. Formulas to calculate mode are provided for ungrouped and grouped data. Strengths of mode include its ease of calculation and ability to provide insights for nominal data. Limitations are its lack of rigid definition and inability for further algebraic treatment. Applications of mode are discussed in consumer markets, opinion polls, and determining common positions in companies.

Uploaded by

Dweep Bajaj
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MODE:strengths, limitations

MODE

The mode in a distribution is that item around which there is maximum concentration.
(Kothari,2004) Mode is defined as the size of the variable or score which occurs most
frequently. In other words, the mode or the modal value is the value in a series of
observations that occurs with the highest frequency or we say it is a value of the variable
which occurs most often.
For example,
The Mode of a data relating to the scores of 20 students in a class test has to be calculated
8 7 9 7 6 9 8 5 8 7 6 6 7 8 8 8 9 5 4 8

The mode is, 8 as it the value which occurs most frequently

TYPES OF MODE:
Depending upon the number of values that possess the highest frequency in the given
data, there are namely four types of modes: Unimodal Mode, Bimodal Mode, Trimodal
Mode, and Multimodal Mode.

MODE FORMULA

(A) Ungrouped Data:

In a simple ungrouped set of measures, the mode is the measure or score/scores which
occur most frequently. In other words, “Empirical mode is the most frequently
occurring score (measure) in a series (distribution)”.

(B) Grouped Data

The formula to find the mode of the grouped data is:

Step 1: Find the modal class i.e. the class with the highest frequency

Step 2: Mode = l + [(f1-f0)/(2f1-f0-f2)]×h.

Where, l = lower class limit of modal class, h = class size, f1 = frequency of modal class,
f0 = frequency of class proceeding to modal class, f2 = frequency of class succeeding to
modal class.

Strengths of Mode:

● Mode is easy to calculate and simple to understand. For example, for an


ungrouped data, it can be determined just by inspection.
● Unlike mean and median which cannot be applied for nominal data(qualitative),
mode can provide insights into almost any dataset despite the data distribution. For
example: In surveys, it is used to measure the smell and preferences of people for
a particular perfume brand.

● The mode of a frequency distribution can be determined graphically.For example,


if a histogram is given, its highest point represents the location of the mode of that
data set.

Limitations of mode:

● It is not rigidly defined.


For example, If we calculate mode with both inspection and grouping method we
may not get the same result.

● It cannot be arithmetically treated further. Since it is not based on all the


observations and not rigidly defined, it is not suitable for further algebraic
treatment.

Applications of Mode :

● Mode is useful in consumer markets.


For example, if we want to compare consumer preferences for different types of
products such as shoes, perfume, etc.
● When the most typical value is wanted as a measure of central tendency
For example in a poll where the most popular opinion has to be calculated or if
feedback is required for a particular product/service
● It is used by individuals who work in Human Resource departments at companies
calculate the mode of different positions in the company so that they can be aware
of the most common position of employees at their company.
References

Book

Kothari, C.R. Research methodology : Methods and techniques(2004).New Age


International (P) Limited(2nd revised edition)

Websites

Measures of central tendency: Mean, median and mode: Statistics. Your Article
Library. (2016, November 3). Retrieved March 15, 2022, from
https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/education/statistics/measures-of-central-tendenc
y-mean-median-and-mode-statistics/91992
Mode: Meaning, formulas, types of mode and ways to determine them. Testbook Learn.
(2021, December 21). Retrieved March 15, 2022, from
https://testbook.com/learn/maths-mode/#:~:text=Ans.,upon%20the%20data%20set%2
0provided.

Zach. (2021, June 23). Real life examples: Using mean, Median, & Mode. Statology.
Retrieved March 15, 2022, from
https://www.statology.org/mean-median-mode-real-life-examples/

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