Scribd
Upload
77 views

Measure The Gain Constant of The Output Potentiometer (Volts Per Radian) : Analysis and Discussion

The document summarizes experiments performed to characterize the parameters of a motor and associated control system. It describes measuring the gain constants of the output potentiometer (1.638 V/rad), tacho generator (0.0161 V/rad/s), and motor (58.31 rad/s/V). Plots of output versus input were linear, confirming theoretical relationships. The motor's speed readout was verified and a correction factor of 1.024 applied. The motor's step response gave a time constant of 0.23s, used to determine its transfer function.

Uploaded by

Nirmal Prasad Panta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
77 views

Measure The Gain Constant of The Output Potentiometer (Volts Per Radian) : Analysis and Discussion

The document summarizes experiments performed to characterize the parameters of a motor and associated control system. It describes measuring the gain constants of the output potentiometer (1.638 V/rad), tacho generator (0.0161 V/rad/s), and motor (58.31 rad/s/V). Plots of output versus input were linear, confirming theoretical relationships. The motor's speed readout was verified and a correction factor of 1.024 applied. The motor's step response gave a time constant of 0.23s, used to determine its transfer function.

Uploaded by

Nirmal Prasad Panta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

1.

Measure the Gain Constant of the Output Potentiometer(Volts per


Radian):

ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION:

• Plot of Output Voltage from potentiometer as shaft position in radian:

Output Voltage vs Shaft Position


6
f(x) = 1.613 x − 0.396
4

2
o/p(V)

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
f(x) = 1.663 x − 10.672
-2

-4

-6
position(radians)

Slope(m) = (1.613 + 1.663)/2


= 1.638 V/rad
The gain, therefore, is 1.638 V/rad.

• The plot for output voltage from potentiometer as shaft position is straight line:

In this lab, a potentiometer whose resistance changes as angular position is


changed is used. As the variation of resistance is directly proportional to
angular position, voltage will be directly proportional w.r.t position as well, for,
a uniform current is flowing through the resistance. Thus, the plot obtained was
a straight line.

2.Verification of digital readout for the motor’s speed:

ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION:

• The time period of saw tooth signal is 0.63s.


• Speed of potentiometer shaft = frequency of signal X 60
= 1.587 X 60
= 95.22rpm.
• Speed of tacho = gear-ratio * shaft-speed
= 9 * 95.22
= 856.98rpm.

• The reading as the digital read-out for shaft speed = 93rpm.

Actual speed of shaft = 95.22rpm


Correction-Factor = 95.22/93
= 1.024
Therefore, a correction needs to be made while calculating the speed from the
digital readout.
The readings we get for Tacho speed and motor speed in later observations will
be multiplied
by the correction factor of 1.024.

3. Measure the Gain Constant of the taco generator(Volts per Radian


per Second):

ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION:

• Plot of Output Voltage from Tachometer vs its speed in rpm:

Output Voltage vs Speed (Of Tachometer)


4

f(x) = 0.001688 x 3

2
O /P vo lta g e (V )

0
-3000 -2000 -1000 0 1000 2000 3000
-1

-2

-3

-4

-5
speed(rpm)

Slope(m) = 0.001688 V/rpm


= 0.001688 * (60/2*3.14) V/rad/s
= 0.0161 V/rad/s
The gain, therefore, is 0.0161 V/rad/s.
• The plot for output voltage from Tachometer vs its speed is straight line:

The output voltage generated by tachometer is given by equation Eg = Kφω,


where K=Generator constant, φ = Flux and ω = Armature speed. At no-load, as
no current is generated by the generator hence, the voltage drop in armature
should be zero. The flux being produced by permanent magnets and ‘K’ being
constant, from the above equaton, it can be observed that Eg is directly
proportional to the armature speed. Therefore, a linear relationship is observed
between output voltage from Tacho and its speed.

4. Measure the Steady-state gain of the motor(Radians per Second per Volt):

ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION:

• Plot of Output Speed from Motor in rpm vs input to motor in volts:

Output Speed vs Input Voltage (for Motor)


3000

f(x) = 556.860 x
2000

1000

0
speed(rpm)

-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6

-1000

-2000

-3000

-4000
I/P(V)

Slope(m) = 556.860 rpm/V


= 556.860 * (2*3.14/60) rad/s/V
= 58.31 rad/s/V
The gain, therefore, is 58.31 rad/s/V.

• The plot for output speed from Motor vs its input voltage is straight line in
linear zone:
The relation for torque in motor can be rearranged as:

where, V = applied voltage, k = constants for motor, ω = angular speed, R =


resistance. So, for a constant torque, from the above relation we can observe
that the angular speed only depends on the applied voltage, as other terms are
constant. This results in a linear relation between applied voltage(V) and
angular speed (ω).

4. Measure the motor’s transfer function using step input:

ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION:


• Peak to Peak input = 3.5V
• Peak to Peak output = 4.094V
• 63% of output = 2.205V
• Time to reach 63% of input = 0.23s

The transfer function is given as:

θ ( s) Km
=
E (s ) T m s+ 1

Hence, from the experiment Km = motor gain constant = 58.31 rad/s/V. Tm = time
constant = 0.23s

θ ( s) 58.31
Thus, the transfer function is : =
E (s ) 0.23 s+1

You might also like