csfld

dEI;wVj vuqns”kd
jktLFkku deZ p kjh p;u cks M Z ] t;iq j

Hkkx & 2

rdZ'kfä ,oa la[;kRed ;ksX;rk

 Computer instRucTOR

1. ?kMh 1

2. dSys.Mj 9

3. lkn`’;rk 13

4. oxhZdj.k 23

5. vlekurk 28

6. U;k; fuxeu 34

7. osu vkjs[k 44

8. vkÑfr;ksa dh x.kuk 53

9. Ja`[kyk 63

10. vaxzsth o.kZekyk ijh{k.k 73

11. dwV&Hkk"kk ijh{k.k 81

12. Øe O;oLFkk 92

13. fn'kk vkSj nwjh ijh{k.k 96

14. jDr laca/k 103

15. igsyh 112

16. cSBd O;oLFkk 117

17. rkfdZd fopkj 124

18. fu.kZ;u {kerk 129

1. la[;k i)fr 134

2. ljyhdj.k 153

3. çfr'kr~rk 163

4. ykHk&gkfu 173

5. la[;kRed vfHk;ksX;rk 187

6. vkadMksa dh i;kZIrrk 215

 osu vkjs[k 2- dqN (Some)
(Venn Diagram)
bl v/;k; esa ge nks ;k nks ls vf/kd oLrqvksa] v{kjksa
;k fopkjksa ds laca/k dks T;kfefr vkd`fr;ksa esa fu:fir
djrs gS A tSls& o`Ùk] vk;r] oxZ] f=Hkqt vkfn
 vf/kdka’kr% o`Ùk esa iznf’kZr fd;k tkrk gS tSls& dqN A, B gS A dqN B, A gS A
t;iqj] jktLFkku] Hkkjr mnkgj.k & iq:”k] f’k{kd
gy%& ;gkW = A ⟶ iq:”k
B ⟶ f’k{kd
dqN iq:”k f’k{kd gS A dqN f’k{kd iq:”k gS A

3- ugha (No)

ge tkurs gS fd t;iqj] jktLFkku esa vkrk gS vkSj

jktLFkku Hkkjr esa A mnkgj.k & dqÙkk] fcYyh
;gkW & A ⟶ dqÙkk
 laca/k fdUgha Hkh nks objects esa fuEu izdkj
B ⟶ fcYyh
ds gks ldrs gS &
dksbZ dqRrk] fcYyh ugha gS A dksbZ fcYyh] dqRrk ugha
1- lHkh (All)
gS A

 ;fn object rhu gks rks fuEu fLFkfr gks ldrh

gS &
1- lHkh (All)

lHkh A, B gS A

mnkgj.k & iUuk] fdrkc

;gkW & A ⟶ iUuk mnkgj.k & foKku] tho foKku] izk.kh foKku
lHkh iUus fdrkc esa gS A ⟶ izk.kh foKku
B ⟶ fdrkc B ⟶ tho foKku
C ⟶ foKku
izk.kh foKku tho foKku esa vkrh gS rFkk tho foKku]
foKku esa vkrk gS A
 2- dqN (Some) 5. lHkh $ lHkh

mnkgj.k & uj] fcYyh] fgj.k

A ⟶ fcYyh
B ⟶ uj
C ⟶ fgj.k mnkgj.k &
fcYyh rFkk fgj.k nksuksa esa uj gksrs gS rFkk uj ds
A ⟶ xk;
vkykok eknk Hkh gksrh gS vr% uj nksuksa esa dqN&dqN
fgLlk j[krk gS A B ⟶ HkSal
C ⟶ tkuoj
3- ugha (No) ;gka xk; vkSj HkSl vyx&vyx gksaxs ysfdu nksuksa gh
tkuoj esa vkrs gS A

6- dqN $ dqN

mnkgj.k &

A ⟶ dqÙkk
B ⟶ dcwrj mnkgj.k &
C ⟶ eNyh A ⟶ uj
;gka rhuksa vyx&vyx oxZ ls lEcfU/kr gS A
B ⟶ f’k{kd
4- lHkh $ ugha C ⟶ fo}ku
;gka rhuksa gh ,d nwljs ls lEcfU/kr gS A

mnkgj.k &
A ⟶ xk;
B ⟶ tkuoj
C ⟶ fdrkc
;gka xk;] tkuoj esa vk;sxh rFkk fdrkc ,d
vyx oxZ gS A
 7- lHkh $ dqN mnkgj.k &
A ⟶ ihry
(a) izdkj&I
B ⟶ dkalk
C ⟶ /kkrq
;gka ihry rFkk dkalk esa rkack mHk;fu”B gS rFkk
lHkh /kkrq gS A

8- dqN $ugha

mnkgj.k &
A ⟶ firk
B ⟶ iq:”k
C ⟶ fpfdRld mnkgj.k &
firk ges’kk iq:”k esa vk;sxk ysfdu ,d fpfdRld A ⟶ Bksl
nksuksa esa vk ldrk gS D;ksafd ,d fpfdRld ,d firk B ⟶ edZjh
Hkh gks ldrk gS A
C ⟶ xSl
edZjh nks voLFkkvksa esa ik;h tkrh gS& Bksl rFkk nzo
(b) izdkj&II
vr% edZjh] Bksl esa dqN fgLlk j[krh gS rFkk xSl
,d vyx oxZ gS A

mnkgj.k &
A ⟶ Hkkjrh; oSKkfud
B ⟶ oSKkfud
C ⟶ phuh ukxfjd
;gka Hkkjrh; oSKkfud] oSKkfud oxZ esa gh vk;saxs rFkk
dksbZ phuh ukxfjd Hkh oSKkfud gks ldrk gS A

(c) izdkj&III
1- fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSulh vkd`fr dqRRkk] fcYyh vkSj O;k[;k& paMhx< jkt/kkuh gS gfj;k.kk dh paMhx< ,d
ikyrw i’kq dk laca/k n’kkZrh gS\ dsUnz ‘kkflr izns’k Hkh gSA mÙkjizns’k ,d
vyx jkT; gSA

gfj;k.kk
¼1½ ¼2½ ¼3½ ¼4½ mÙkjizns’k
paMhx<
Ans. (4)
O;k[;k& dqRrk] fcYyh ls vyx gSA ijarq nksuksa esa dqN
ikyrw Ik’kq ds varxZr vkrs gSA o dqN ikyrw
u gks ;g Hkh laHko gSA 4- og vkjs[k pqfu, tks uhps fn, x, oxkZs ds chp ds
laca/k dk lgh fu:i.k djrk gSA vuqPNsn] iqLrd]
ikyrq Ik’kq dqRRkk i`”B
fcYyh

2- A MkWDVjksa dks fn[kkrk gS] B fi;kuksa okndksa dks

fn[kkrk gS] C ys[kdksa dks n’kkZrk gS vkSj D xk;dksa ¼1½ ¼2½ ¼3½ ¼4½
dks n’kkZrk gSA dkSu lk dFku vR;ar mi;qDr gS \ Ans. (3)
fi;kuks oknd
xk;d O;k[;k& dbZ vuqPNsn ,d i`”B ij gksrs gSA cgqr ls
MkWDVj i`”B feydj ,d iqLrd dk fuekZ.k djrs gSA
A B C D
Ysk[kd iqLrd
i`”B

(1) lHkh xk;d MkWDVj gSA vuqPNsn

(2) lHkh ys[kd vkSj fi;kuksoknd MkWDVj gSA
(3) lHkh fi;kuksoknd xk;d gSA
(4) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
Ans. (2)
O;k[;k& lHkh ys[kd (C) rFkk fi;kuksoknd (B) MkWDVj
(A) gSA

3- og vkjs[k pqfu, tks uhps fn, x, oxkZs ds chp ds

laca/k dk lgh fu:i.k djrk gSA gfj;k.kk] paMhx<]
mRRkjizns’k

¼1½ ¼2½ ¼3½ ¼4½

Ans. (4)
5- og vkjs[k pqfu, tks uhps fn, x, oxkZs ds chp ds O;k[;k& lHkh HkkbZ iq:”k oxZ ds varxZr vkrs gSA dqN
laca/k dk lgh fu:i.k djrk gSA efgyk] etnwj] iq:”k fo}ku gks ldrs gS rFkk bldk O;qRØe
izca/kd A
dqN HkkbZ fo}ku gks ldrs gS A

iq:”k
¼1½ ¼2½ ¼3½ ¼4½
Ans. (3) HkkbZ fo}ku

O;k[;k& etnwj vyx gS izca/kd lsA dqN efgyk,¡ etnwj

gks ldrh gS rFkk bldk O;qRØe A dqN
efgyk,¡ izca/kd gks ldrh gS A 8- og vkjs[k pqfu, tks uhps fn, x, oxkZs ds chp ds
laca/k dk lgh fu:i.k djrk gSA fØdsV] fØdsVj]
cYysckt
etnwj efgyk izca/kd

¼1½ ¼2½ ¼3½ ¼4½

6- og vkjs[k pqfu, tks uhps fn, x, oxkZs ds chp ds Ans. (1)
laca/k dk lgh fu:i.k djrk gSA ftyk] jkT;]
rglhy O;k[;k& lHkh cYysckt fØdsVj gSA lHkh fØdsVj fØdsV
[ksyrs gSA
fØdsV
fØdsVj
¼1½ ¼2½ ¼3½ ¼4½ cYysckt

Ans. (1)
O;k[;k& rglhy ,d Hkkx gS ftyk dk rFkk jkT; esa
cgqr ls ftys lfEEkfyr gksrs gSA 9- ml vkjs[k pqfu, tks uhps fn, x, oxkZs ds chp ds
jkT; laca/k dk lgh fu:i.k djrk gSA ‘kqØ] xzg] lw;Z
ftyk
rglhy

¼1½ ¼2½ ¼3½ ¼4½

7- og vkjs[k pqfu, tks uhps fn, x, oxkZs ds chp ds Ans. (2)
laca/k dk lgh fu:i.k djrk gSA HkkbZ] iq:”k] fo}ku O;k[;k& ‘kqØ ,d xzg gS A lw;Z ,d rkjk gS A
xzg

‘kqØ lw;Z
¼1½ ¼2½ ¼3½ ¼4½
Ans. (1)
10- og vkjs[k pqfu, tks uhps fn, x, oxkZs ds chp O;k[;k& dqN cgus vkaV gks ldrh gS rFkk bldk O;qRØe
ds laca/k dk lgh fu:i.k djrk gS A jax] yky] gSA
ihyk vady vyx gS cgu vkSj vkaV nksuksa ls

cgu vkaV vady

¼1½ ¼2½ ¼3½ ¼4½

Ans. (3) 13- og vkjs[k pqfu, tks uhps fn, x, oxkZs ds chp
ds laca/k dk lgh fu:i.k djrk gSA cksry] fcYyh]
O;k[;k& yky] vkSj ihyk nks vyx&vyx jax gSA
iqLrd
jax

yky ihyk
¼1½ ¼2½ ¼3½ ¼4½
Ans. (2)
11- og vkjs[k pqfu, tks uhps fn, x, oxkZs ds chp O;k[;k& cksry] fcYyh rFkk iqLrd ,d&nwljs ls vyx
ds laca/k dk lgh fu:i.k djrk gSA pwgk] twrs]
gSA vr% rhuksa dks vla;qDRk o`Rrksa }kjk iznf’kZr
cYyk
fd;k tk ldrk gSA

cksry fcYyh

¼1½ ¼2½ ¼3½ ¼4½

Ans. (2) iqLrd
O;k[;k& pwgk] twrs rFkk cYyk rhu vyx&vyx oxZ
dks iznf’kZr djrs gSA
14- mu oxksZ ds lsV dk p;u djsa tks fn, x, osu
pwgk vkjs[k dk lcls vPNk izfrfuf/kRo djrs gS \

twrs cYyk

12- og vkjs[k pqfu, tks uhps fn, x, oxkZs ds chp ¼1½ ikuh] unh] ck¡/k
ds laca/k dk lgh fu:i.k djrk gSA cgu] vkaV] ¼2½ Hkkjr] eqcabZ] fnYyh
vady ¼3½ jkT;] leqnz] ftyk
¼4½ ,f’k;k] Hkkjr] iq.ks
Ans. (4)

¼1½ ¼2½ ¼3½ ¼4½

Ans. (3)
O;k[;k& iq.ks] Hkkjr esa gS rFkk Hkkjr ,f’k;k esa gSA fn;k gS&

,f’k;k
Hkkjr
iq.ks

 ;gka la[;k 2 mu f’k{kd dks n’kkZrh gS tks u rks

iq:”k gS u gh fookfgr gS A
15- mu oxksZ ds lsV dk p;u djsa tks fn, x, osu
 Lka[;k 5 mu iq:”kksa dks n’kkZrh gS tks u rks f’k{kd
vkjs[k dk lcls vPNk izfrfuf/kRo djrs gS \ gS u gh fookfgr gS A
 la[;k 4 mu fookfgr O;fDr;ksa dks n’kkZrh gS tks u
rks iq:”k gS u gh f’k{kd gS A
 la[;k 1 mu f’k{kd dks n’kkZrh gS tks iq:”k rks gS
ij fookfgr ughaA
¼1½ MkWDVj] ekrk,¡] efgyk,¡  la[;k 3 mu iq:”kksa dks n’kkZrh gS tks fookfgr rks
¼2½ yMfd;k¡] cPps] balku gS ij f’k{kd ughA
¼3½ c<bZ] MkWDVj] iq:”k  la[;k 7 mu f’k{kdksa dks n’kkZrh gS tks iq:”k Hkh
¼4½ firk] csVs] bathfu;j gS rFkk fookfgr Hkh gS A
Ans. (3)
O;k[;k& c<bZ vyx gS MkWDVj ls dqN c<bZ iq:”k gks iz’u&1 fuEufyf[kr vkd`fr esa f=Hkqt efgykvksa dks oxZ
ldrs gS rFkk bldk O;qRØeA dqN MkWDVj fpfdRldks dks] o`Ùk fo}kuksa dks rFkk vk;r
iq:”k gks ldrs gS rFkk bldk O;qRØeA bZekunkjksa dks n’kkZrk gS &
(a) rks crkb, fdrus fo}ku bZekunkj fpfdRld gS
c<bZ iq:”k MkWDVj ij efgyk ugha

 fo’ys”k.kkRed osu vkjs[k% &

blesa fo’ks”k izdkj dks ,d fo’ks”k vkd`fr }kjk
n’kkZ;k tkrk gS& f=Hkqt] oxZ] vk;r] o`Ùk bR;kfn
vyx&vyx izdkj dks n’kkZrk gS rFkk buds eki
vkdMs Hkh fn;s gksrs gS tks la[;k dks n’kkZrs gS

 ;gka la[;k 8 gS tks n’kkZrh gS fd fpfdRld

bZekunkj rFkk fo}ku gS ij efgyk ugha A
 (b) fdruh efgyk bZekunkj gS & mÙkj (c) vafdr {ks= IV ,sls ‘kgjh f’kf{kr yksxksa dks
n’kkZrk gS] tks ifjJeh ugha gSa A

iz’u&4 fuEufyf[kr iz’u uhps fn, x, vkjs[k ij

vk/kkfjr gSa A fn, x, vkjs[k esa ^vk;r* ls
xzkeh.k dks] ^f=Hkqt* ls ‘kgjh dks] ^o`Ùk ls
LukrdksÙkj dks rFkk ^oxZ* ls izksQslj dks
fu:fir fd;k x;k gS A fuEukafdr vkjs[k dk
/;ku ls v/;;u djds bu ij vk/kkfjr iz’uksa
dk mÙkj nhft, A

iz’u&2 fuEu esa ls dkSu&lh vkd`fr bZlkbZ] dSFkksfyd

rFkk iksi ds lgh laca/k dks n’kkZrh gS \

fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu&lk dFku lgh gS \

(a) lHkh ‘kgjh LukrdksÙkj gS
(b) lHkh LukrdksÙkj ‘kgjh gS
(c) lHkh izksQslj ‘kgjh gS
(d) lHkh xzkeh.k izksQslj gS
mÙkj (c) ^lHkh izksQslj ‘kgjh gSa A* ;g dFku lgh gS
mÙkj (b) lHkh iksi dSFkksfyd gksrs gSa rFkk lHkh dSFkksfyd A
bZlkbZ gksrs gSa A
iz’u&5 fuEufyf[kr vkd`fr esa iznf’kZr gS
iqfyl vf/kdkjh o`RRk
Hkz”V f=Hkqt
dfo oxZ
fookfgr vk;r

iz’u&3 I ls VII rd vafdr {ks=ksa esa ls dkSu&lk LFkku

,sls ‘kgjh f’kf{kr yksxksa dk n’kkZrk gS tks
ifjJeh ugha gSa \

(a) II (b) I
(c) IV (d) III
 ,sls vfookfgr iqfyl vf/kdkfj;ksa dk {ks= crkb, O;k[;k& dqy deZpkjh 130 gS A
tks Hkz”V ugha gSa fdarq dfo gS \ pk; dkWQh
¼1½ 8 ¼2½ 9
¼3½ 2 ¼4½ 4 pk; ihus okys dkWQh ihus okys
21 27&5 56&¼22$5$20½
Ans. (1) 66&22&5 = 22 = 9
5 All
O;k[;k& vHkh”V {ks= o`RRk rFkk oxZ esa fo|eku gksuk 23&5 25&5
pkfg, rFkk f=Hkqt ,oa vk;r ds ckgj gksuk =18 = 20
pkfg, A ,slk {ks= 8 }kjk vafdr gS A 63 &¼5$18$20½
= 20
Tkwl ihus okys Tkwl
iz’u&6 fn, x, vkjs[k esa o`RRk] O;kolkf;dksa dks n’kkZrk
gS] oxZ urZdksa dks n’kkZrk gS] vkSj vk;r
;wjksfi;uksa dks n’kkZrk gSa vkjs[k esa fHkUu {ks= iz’u&14 ,d foHkkx esa 24 Vadu tkurs gSa vkSj 11
1 ls 11 rd vafdr gS A rFkk f=Hkqt laxhrdkj vk’kqfyfi tkurs gSA 25 dEI;wVj dk iz;ksx
dks n’kkZrk gS A djuk tkurs gSA 7 Vadu rFkk vk’kqfyfi nksuksa
tkurs gS] 4 vk’kqfyfi rFkk dEI;wVj tkurs gSA
12 Vadu rFkk dEI;wVj tkurs gS vkSj 3 rhuksa
tkurs gSA ;fn ml foHkkx esa 50 deZpkjh gks]
rks mu deZpkfj;ksa dh la[;k Kkr dhft, tks
rhuksa dk;Z esa ls dksbZ Hkh ugha tkurs A
(1) 40 (2) 10
(3) 47 (4) 33
fuEu esa ls dkSu laxhrdkj ugha gS fdUrq Ans. (2)
;wjksfi;u gS \ O;k[;k& dqy deZpkjh 50 gSA
¼1½ 10 ¼2½ 9
¼3½ 11 ¼4½ 8
Vadu dEI;wVj
Ans. (3) 24&¼9$3$4½ 12&3 25&¼9$3$1½
O;k[;k& vHkh”V {ks= f=Hkqt ds ckgj rFkk vk;r ds = 8 =9 = 12
3
vanj gksuk pkfg,A ,sls {ks= dks 11 ls n’kkZ;k 7&3 4&3
x;k gSA =4 = 1
11 &¼4$3$1½
=3
iz’u&7 ,d ljdkjh cSBd esa 130 foHkkxh; deZpkfj;ksa vk'kqfyfi
us Hkkx fy;kA muesa ls 66 pk; ihrs gS] 56
dkWQh ihrs gS vkSj 63 twl ihrs gSA 27 pk;
;k dkWQh ih ldrs gS] 25 dkWQh ;k twl
vkSj 23 twl ;k pk; ih ldrs gSA 5 deZpkjh Vadu] dEI;wVj ;k vk’kqfyfi ;k buesa ls dksbZ nks
rhuksa esa dqN Hkh ih ldrs gSA fdrus dsoy ;k lHkh rhuksa dk;Z tkuus okys deZpkfj;ksa dh la[;k
pk; ihrs gS \ = 8 + 9 + 12 + 4 + 3 + 1 + 3 = 40
mu deZpkfj;ksa dh la[;k tks rhuksa dk;Z esa ls dksbZ
(1) 21 (2) 22
Hkh ugh tkurs = 50 − 40 = 10
(3) 18 (4) 20
Ans. (1)
la[;k i)fr (Number System)
mnkgj.k& 0.3187098312715----------

√3, √7, √11] 𝜋

 v’kkar iqujko`fÙk n’keyo la[;k,a %&

3 1
1- 0.3333………… = 0.3̅ = =
9 3
6 2
2- 0.666…………… = 0.6̅ = =
9 3
387
̅̅̅̅̅ =
3- 0.387387387……………. 0. 387 =
999
43
111

 lfEeJ la[;k, Complex Number (z)- ̅̇ ̅̅ = 84 = 28

4- 0.848484…………….. =0. ̅84
99 33
okLrfod $ dkYifud
Z= a+ib वास्तववक संख्याएं
𝐑𝐞𝐚𝐥 𝐍𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫𝐬
tgka a = okLrfod la[;k
b = dkYifud la[;k

𝐑𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐈𝐫𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐥
𝐍𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫 परिमेय 𝐍𝐮𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫 अपरिमेय
संख्याएं संख्याएं

P/Q ds :i esa
iznf’kZr fd;k P/Q ds :i esa
‘kkar n’keyo%&
tkrk gS iznf’kZr ugha fd;k tk
os la[;k,a tks n’keyo ds ckn dqN vadks ds ckn
ldrk] mnk- ±√3]
[kRe gks tk;s tSls& 0.25, 0.15, 0.375 bls fHkUu tgka q#o, P vkSj
la[;k esa fy[kk tk ldrk gS A q iw.kkZad gS A I𝜋 etc.
v‘kkar n’keyo%& os la[;k,a tks n’keyo ds ckn
pyrs jgrs gSA ;s nks rjg ds gks ldrs gS A
 ifjes; (Rational) la[;k,a%& og la[;k,a ftUgsa
0.3333, 0.7777, 0.183183183……….. P/ Q ds :i esa fy[kk tk ldrk gS ysfdu Q
tgka ‘kwU; ugha gksuk pkfg,] P o Q iw.kkZad gksus
o tks la[;k,a n’keyo ds ckn dHkh
pkfg,
iqujko`fÙk [kRe ugha gksrh cfYd iqujko`fÙk djrh 10 7
mnkgj.k 2/3, 4/5, ,
Repeating gks] vuar rdA bls fHkUu esa fy[kk −11 8
tk ldrk gS A
 vifjes; (Irrational) la[;k,¡ %& bUgsa P/ Q
tks la[;k,a n’keyo ds ckn dHkh ds :i esa iznf’kZr ugha fd;k tk ldrkA
Non [kRe ugha gksrh ij ;s viuh la[;kvksa
Repeating mnkgj.k √2, √3, √11, √19, √26 … …
dh fuf’pr iqujko`fÙk ¼Repeat½ ugh
Decimal djrhA
la[;k i)fr (Number System)
 izkd`frd la[;k, /kukRed la[;k,a ¼1] 2] Ex. (4,9), (15, 22), (39, 40)
3------½ HCF = 1
 Ikw.kZ la[;k,a ‘kwU;$ /kukRed iw.kkZd  Perfect Number ¼ijQsDV la[;k½%& og
¼0]1] 2] 3------½ la[;k ftlds xq.ku[k.Mksa dk ;ksx ml la[;k ds
cjkcj gks ¼xq.ku[k.Mks esa Lo;a ml Lka[;k dks
NksMdj½
Ex. 6 1, 2, 3 ;gka 1+2+3 6
28 1, 2, 4, 7, 14 1+2+4+7+14
28
 izR;{k eku vkSj LFkkuh; eku%&
 ‘kwU; Hkh le la[;k gSA Ex. 24175321
 Lke ± le le la[;k ¼4$6 10½ ;gka 7 dk izR;{k eku 7 gksxk
Lke ± fo”ke fo”ke la[;k ¼4$5 19½ LFkkuh; eku 70000 gksxk
fo”ke ± fo”ke le la[;k ¼3$5 8½ vad ds ckn ftruh vadks dh la[;k mrus ‘kwU;
 Lke X fo”ke le la[;k ¼2X3 6½ j[k nksA
 Lke X le le la[;k ¼4X4 16½
 fo”ke X fo”ke fo”ke la[;k ¼3X3 9½ bdkbZ dk vad (Unit Digit Method)
;fn fdlh la[;k dk bdkbZ dk vad fuEu gS rks ?kkr
अभाज्य उदा. 3, 5, 7 cMh gksus ij bdkbZ dk vad gksxk&
प्राकृ वतक
संख्या (____ 0)𝑛 − 0
संख्या
भाज्य (____ 1)𝑛 − 1
संख्या उदा. 4, 9
(____ 5)𝑛 − 5
 vHkkT; la[;k,a& og la[;k tks flQZ 1 o Lo;a (____ 6)𝑛 − 6
la[;k ls foHkkftr gksrh gSA tSls& 5 ¾ 1 × 5
¼only xq.ku[k.M½
 HkkT; la[;k,a& tks la[;k,a vHkkT; ugha gS mnkgj.k & 5420 + 6538
;kfu muds nks ls vf/kd xq.ku[k.M gksxsA tSls&
mÙkj %& _____ (5+6) = ____1 Unit digit
9 ¾ 1×3×3 ¼rhu xq.ku[k.M½
 ‘kwU; uk rks HkkT; uk gh vHkkT; la[;k gksrh gS A (____ 4)𝑛 n = fo”ke la[;k,a rc 4 ¼bdkbZ½
 vHkkT; la[;k,a (Prime Numbers)& ftlds (____ 4)𝑛 n = le la[;k,a rc 6 ¼bdkbZ½
flQZ nks form gks&1 × la[;k
tSls& {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19……..} (____ 9)𝑛 tgka (n = fo”ke) 9
tgka 1 vHkkT; la[;k,¡ ugha gSA (____ 9)𝑛 tgka (n = le) 1
2 ,dek= le vHkkT; la[;k gSA
3] 5] 7 dzekxr fo”ke vHkkT; la[;k dk
bdykSrk tksMk gSA mnkgj.k%& (9)134 + (4)111 1 + 4 = 5 gksxk
1&50 rd dqy 15 vHkkT; la[;k,¡ gSA
mÙkj &
51&100 rd dqy 10 vHkkT; gSA
vr% 1&100 rd dqy 25 vHkkT; gSA (2,3,7,8)𝑛 blesa pkj rjg ds mÙkj gks ldrs gSA
 lg vHkkT; la[;k,a%& os la[;k,a ftudk HCF 𝑛
flQZ 1 gks A 1- = 1 ‘ks”kQy dze’k% ¼2]3]7]8½
4
la[;k i)fr (Number System)
𝑛
2- = 2 ‘ks”kQy dze’k% ¼4]9]9]9½
4
𝑛
3- = 3 ‘ks”kQy dze’k% ¼8]7]3]2½
4
𝑛
4- = 0 ‘ks”kQy dze’k% ¼6]1]1]6½
4
5 vkf[kjh vad 5 ls iw.kZ foHkkftr gks
mnkgj.k%& 6 2×3 ¼lg vHkkT; la[;k½
(259)146 − (123)43 2 ls Hkktdrk dk fu;e ns[krk gS
3 ls Hkktdrk ds fu;e dh
(9)146 − (3)43
tkap djrk gS A
1 − (3)3 mnkgj.k%&
1 − 7 = −6 ;k −6 + 10 = 4 (unit
la[;k 2250] 18 ls iw.kZ foHkkftr gksxh ;k
digit) ugh tkap djks&

 HkkT;rk ds fu;e%& fuEu la[;kvksa ls Hkkx nsus mÙkj & ge tkurs gS 18 9 ×2

ij iw.kZ tk;sxk ;k ugha
2 → tc la[;k dk bdkbZ vad 2 ls iw.kZ
la[;k ds vadksa dk ;ksx
Hkkftr gks rks la[;k Hkh 2 ls iw.kZ
9 ls foHkkftr gks
foHkkftr gksrh gSA
tc bdkbZ vad 2 ls
4 → vkf[kjh nks vad 4 ls foHkkftr gksuh pkfg,A foHkkftr gks
8 → vkf[kjh rhu vad 8 ls foHkkftr gksus pkfg,A vr% la[;k 2250] 18 ls iw.kZ Hkkftr gksxhA
16 → vkf[kjh pkj vad 16 ls foHkkftr gksus  ¼7] 11] 13½
pkfg,A
7]11]13 → la[;k dk ihNs ls 3&3 dk tksMkcuk;saxs
fQj mu tksMks dk vUrj 7] 11] 13
mnkgj.k%&
ls foHkkftr gksuk pkfg, ;k 0 gksuk
la[;k 28754] la[;k 2 ls iw.kZ foHkkftr gS ;k pkfg, rks os la[;k, 7] 11] 13 ls
ugh& foHkkftr gksxhA
4 11 → nh x;h la[;k esa le LFkku ij vadks
mŸkj& 28754 esa vkf[kjh vad = = vr% 2 iw.kZ dk tksM] fo”ke LFkku ij vadks ds
2
foHkkftr gS A tksM dk varj ;k rks 0 gks ;k 11 gks
vr% la[;k 28754 Hkh iw.kZ foHkkftr gksxhA rks og la[;k 11 ls iw.kZ foHkkftr
gksxh A
3→ la[;k ds lHkh vadks dk ;ksx 3 ls iw.kZ
foHkkftr gksuk pkfg,
7 → la[;k ds vkf[kjh vad dks 3 xq.kk dj
9→ la[;k ds lHkh vadks dk ;ksx 9 ls iw.kZ ds ‘ks”k la[;k ls ?kVk nsxs] mÙkj vxj
7 ls foHkkftr gS rks la[;k Hkh gksxhA
foHkkftr gksuk pkfg, A

mnkgj.k%&1  ;fn ,d la[;k 467 𝑥 893 gS tks 3 ls iw.kZ

la[;k 2351732 dks 9 ls Hkkx djus ij ‘ks”kQy foHkkftr gks rks 𝑥 dk eku D;k gks ldrk gS&
D;k gksxk \ 3 ds fy,%& ge tkurs gS fd la[;k ds lHkh
mŸkj&
2351732
Digit sum- 2 + 3 + 5 + 1 vadks dk ;ksx ;fn 3 ls HkkT; gks rks og la[;k
9
23
Hkh 3 ls iw.kZ HkkT; gksxhA
+7+3+2= = 5 ‘ks”kQy 467𝑥893
9
37+𝑥
Digit sum fdlh la[;k ds Digit ¼vadks½ 4+6+7+ 𝑥 8+9+3
3
1+𝑥
dks tksMuk = ;gka 𝑥 2, 5, 8 gks ldrs gSA
3
la[;k i)fr (Number System)
vr% 𝑥 ds eku laHko gS& 2] 5] 8  ‘ks”kQyksa dk xq.kk &
 ;fn la[;k 875𝑥321 9 ls iw.kZ foHkkftr gks rks
‘ks”kQy
𝑥 dk eku D;k gks ldrk gS& 3 6
875𝑥321 80 × 105 18
=3×6= =7
8+𝑥
11 11
digit sum 𝑥 ds
9
3 −5
1 eku laHko gS A 80 × 105 −15
= =7
11 11
−8 −5
‘ks”kQy izes; 80 × 105
=
40
= 7
11 11
ge tkurs gS fd tc ge fdlh la[;k esa fdlh -4 + 11
la[;k dk Hkkx yxkrs gS rks
−8 6
भाज्य
भाजक भागफल 80 ×105
=
−48
= -4 +11 = 7
शेषफल 11 11
𝑥 𝑝−1
 Fermat Theorem: tgka P ,d prime
𝑃
HkkT; = Hkktd × HkkxQYk + ‘ks”kQYk number, (x,p) lg vHkkT; la[;k,a (Coprime
mnkgj.k%& 𝑥 𝑝−1
number) = 1 ‘ks”kQy] HCF (x,p)= 1
𝑃
𝟓𝟏 mnkgj.k%&
𝟓 𝟏𝟎 𝟑𝟎𝟏𝟐 𝒙𝒑−𝟏
𝟓𝟎  = = 1 ‘ks”kQy
𝟏𝟑 𝑷
𝟔𝟒𝟑𝟎
𝟏  = 1 ‘ks”kQy gksxk
𝟑𝟏
vr% 51= 5×10+1 tgka 1 ‘ks”kQy gSA  1-
𝟒𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟕 (𝟒𝟏𝟔 )𝟏𝟐𝟓
 ‘ks”kQy ges’kk Hkktd ls NksVk gksrk gS A = X 𝟒𝟕
𝟏𝟕 𝟏𝟕
&1 &1 &1
5×10+1 /kukRed ‘ks”kQy 𝟏𝑿𝟒𝟕 𝟒𝑿𝟏𝟔𝑿𝟏𝟔𝑿𝟏𝟔
51
= = −𝟒 ;k 𝟏𝟑
𝟏𝟕 𝟏𝟕
vxj
5 Type-II cMh ?kkr dks VqdMks esa rksMdj
5×11-4 _.kkRed ‘ks”kQYk 𝒂𝒙+𝒌𝒏
 = 𝒌𝒏 ¼‘ks”kQy½
𝒂
blh izdkj ‘ks”kQyksa dk tksMk 𝒂𝒙−𝒌𝒏
 = (−𝒌)𝒏 ¼‘ks”kQy½
𝒂
5 1 5 &12
¼1½
70+40
= 6 ‘ks”kQy ;k
70+40
= −7 / 6 mnkgj.k%&
13 13 (𝟐𝟓)𝟗
1-
𝟐𝟒
−8 1 −8 −12 −7 / 6 (𝟐𝟒+𝟏)𝟗
= 𝟏𝟗 = ¼‘ks”kQy½
𝟐𝟒
70+40 70+40 (𝟑𝟗)𝟐𝟓
¼2½ = −7 / 6 ;k 2-
13 13 𝟒𝟎
(𝟒𝟎−𝟏)𝟐𝟓
= (−𝟏)𝟐𝟓 = −1‘ks”kQy ;k 39 gksxkA
𝟒𝟎
tSls fd 7101 dks 48 ls foHkkftr fd;k tk;s rks
‘ks”kQy gksxk&
 la[;k i)fr (Number System)
(7)101
50
(72 ) .7 ls fdrus xeys gVk;s tk;s fd ,d iw.kZ oxZ
 =
48 48 cu tk, A

4950 × 7 (a) 36 (b) 65 (c) 81 (d) 97

=
48 mŸkj & 36562 esa ls
150 .7
= = 7 ‘ks”kQy
48
4𝑛 ¼1½ 36 ?kVkus ij] 26 vkf[kj esa vkrk gS tks fdlh
Note format esa ges’kk ‘ks”kQy 4 gh gksxkA] Hkh oxZ esa ugha gksrk A
6
(n>o)
¼2½ 65 ?kVkus ij] 97 tks fdlh Hkh oxZ esa ugha
iw.kZ oxZ la[;k%& vkrkA

¼3½ 81 ?kVkus ij] ;gh lgh mÙkj gksxk A

¼4½ 97 ?kVkus ij] 65 fdlh ds vkf[kj esa ugha
vkrk 25 vkrk gS ges’kk A
bdkbZ vad tks oxZ ds gks ldrs gS &
Q. 2 iw.kZ oxZ la[;k dkSulh gksxh &
tks ugha gks ldrs
(A) 17343 - 3 fdlh Hkh oxZ ds vUr esa ugha gksrk x
 0 2 (B) 987235 - 5 ls igys ges’kk 2 gksrk gS x
 1 3 (C) 976366 - 6 ls igys ges’kk fo”ke la[;k gksrh
 4 7 gS fdlh oxZ esa x
 5 or 25 8 (D) 106276 - ;g lgh gksxh A
 6
Binary and decimal esa cnyuk
 9
 fdlh Hkh la[;k ds oxZ ds vafre nks vad ogh Binary la[;k i)fr Decimal la[;k i)fr
gksaxs tks 1&24 rd dh la[;k ds oxZ ds vafre
nks vad gksxsA B D 1 11 ‘’

uksV%& vr% lHkh dks 1&25 ds oxZ vo’; ;kn 0 0 2 12 ‘’

gksus pkfg,A 1 1 3 13 ‘’
mnkgj.k& dkSulh la[;k iw.kZ oxZ gksxh& 10 2 4 14 ‘’
1- 21904 11 3 5 15 ‘’
2- 22903
100 4 6 16 ‘’
3- 21917
4- 35405 101 5 7 17 ‘’
O;k[;k%& ;gk¡ bdkbZ vad fdlh Hkh oxZ dk 3] 7 110 6 8 18 ‘’
ugha gks ldrk vkSj oxZ ds vkf[kj esa 5 vk ldrk gS
111 7 9 19 ‘’
ysfdu vdsyk ugha og ges’kk 25 gksxk A
1000 8 10 20 ‘’
vr% ‘ks”k fodYi ¼1½ lgh gksxk 21904 tks fd 148
dk oxZ gS A 1001 9

Q. 1 ,d cxhps esa dqy 36562 xeys gS mu xeyksa 1010 10

dh ltkoV dj oxZ cukuk gS A rks crkb;s buesa
 la[;k i)fr (Number System)
Decimal ls Binary esa cnyuk xf.krh; lafØ;k,¡
¼51½ dks Decimal ls Binary esa cnyuk & ;ksxQy rFkk varj ij vk/kkfjr
2 51 1 Remain Q.1 ;fn fdlh la[;k esa 21 dks tksMk tk,] rks og
2 25 1 viuh frxquh la[;k ls 7 de gks tkrh gS A
2 12 0 rnuqlkj og la[;k fdruh gS \
2 6 0 (a) 14 (b) 16
2 3 1 (c) 18 (d) 19

mÙkj & (a)

= (110011)2
O;k[;k &
Q. 1 101 dks Binary la[;k i)fr esa iznf’kZr dhft,
ekuk la[;k,¡ 𝑥 gS
2 101 1 iz’ukuqlkj
2 50 0 3𝑥 − 7 = 𝑥 + 21
2 25 1 3𝑥 − 𝑥 = 21 + 7
2 12 0 2𝑥 = 28
2 6 0 28
2 3 1 𝑥= ⟹ 14
2
1
1
Q. 2 ;fn fdlh la[;k esa tksM fn;k tk, vkSj fQj
2
ml ;ksxQy dks 3 ls xq.kk fd;k tk,] rks
= (1100101)2
mÙkj 21 izkIr gksrk gS A la[;k crkb, \
Binary ls Decimal esa cnyuk & (a) 6-5 (b) 5-5
(c) 4-5 (d) &6-5
nh x;h la[;k dks bdkbZ vad ls 20 ls c<rs Øe esa
xq.kk dk ;ksx djrs gS & mÙkj & (a)
tSls & (1100101)2 (? )10 O;k[;k &

;gka (1100101)2 ekuk la[;k,¡ 𝑥 gS

= 𝟏 × 𝟐𝟓 + 𝟏 × 𝟐𝟓 + 𝟎 × 𝟐𝟕 + 𝟎 × 𝟐𝟑 𝟏 × 𝟐𝟐 + 𝟎 × 𝟐𝟏 + 𝟏 × 𝟐𝟎 iz’ukuqlkj
1
(𝑥 + ) × 3 = 21
2
4th place 5th place 2nd place 1st place 2𝑥 + 1
( ) × 3 = 21
= 64 + 32 + 0 + 0 + 4 + 0 + 1 = 101 Ans. 2
2𝑥 + 1 = 7 × 2
Q. 2 (1101)2 (? )10 2𝑥 = 14 − 1 ⟹ 13
= 1 × 23 + 1 × 22 + 0 × 21 + 1 × 20 13
𝑥= ⟹ 6.5
2
= 8 + 4 + 0 + 1 = 13

Q.3 fdlh la[;k dk esa 50% dks 50 esa tksMus ij

og mlh la[;k ds cjkcj gks tkrk gS A og
la[;k gS&
(a) 50 (b) 100
la[;k i)fr (Number System)
(c) 150 (d) 75 mijksDr iz’u ds vuqlkj] dqy 10 la[;k,a curh gSa
ijarq izFke tksMk 𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 10 rFkk 𝑥 =
mÙkj & (b) 1, 𝑦 = 10 iz’u dh ‘krksZa dks larq”V ugha djrk
O;k[;k &
ekuk la[;k,¡ 𝑥 gS
gS A vr% bl izdkj cuh dqy la[;k,a 8 gksxh tks
iz’ukuqlkj fuEufyf[kr gksxh& 29,38,47,56 rFkk
𝑥 dk 50% + 50 = 𝑥 92, 83, 74, 65
50
𝑥× + 50 = 𝑥 Q. 5 ;fn nks la[;kvksa ds ;ksx dk mu la[;kvksa ls
100 vyx&vyx xq.kk fd;k tk,] rks xq.kuQy
𝑥
𝑥 − = 50 dze’k% 247 rFkk 114 vkrk gS A rnuqlkj mu
2
𝑥 la[;kvksa dk ;ksxQy fdruk gS \
= 50
2 (a) 19 (b) 20
(c) 21 (d) 23
∴ 𝑥 = 100

Q. 4 nks vadksa okyh ,d la[;k vkSj mlds vad myV mÙkj & (a)
O;k[;k &
nsus ij izkIr gksus okyh la[;k dk ;ksx ,d
oxZ la[;k gS A rnuqlkj bl izdkj dh dqy
Ekkuk la[;k 𝑥 ,oa 𝑦 gSa A
la[;k,a fdruh gS \
rc igyh ‘krZ ls&
(a) 5 (b) 6
(c) 7 (d) 8 𝑥 (𝑥 + 𝑦) = 247 …….(i)
nwljh ‘krZ ls&
mÙkj & (d) 𝑦(𝑥 + 𝑦) = 114
O;k[;k & ;k (𝑥 + 𝑦) =
114
…….(ii)
𝑦
Ekkuk nks vadksa okyh la[;ka dk bdkbZ vad 𝑦 rFkk lehdj.k (i) ls (𝑥 + 𝑦) dk eku lehdj.k
ngkbZ vad 𝑥 gS A (ii) esa j[kus ij&
blfy, la[;k,¡ = 1𝑥 + 𝑦 114
𝑥× = 247
la[;k ds vad mYkVus ij cuh la[;k = 10𝑦 + 𝑥 𝑦
iz’ukuqlkj 𝑥 247 13
= =
(10𝑥 + 𝑦) = +(10𝑦 + 𝑥 ) = oxZ la[;k,¡ 𝑦 114 6
11𝑥 + 11𝑦 = oxZ la[;k
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 13 + 6 = 19
11(𝑥 + 𝑦) = oxZ la[;k
;fn 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 11 j[kk tk, rc izkIr la[;k] oxZ
la[;k gksxh
vr% 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 11
;fn 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 11 rc bl izdkj cuh dqy la[;k,¡
fuEu gSa
𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 10 𝑥 = 10, 𝑦 = 1
𝑥 = 2, 𝑦 = 9 𝑥 = 9, 𝑦 = 2
𝑥 = 3, 𝑦 = 8 𝑥 = 8, 𝑦 = 3
𝑥 = 4, 𝑦 = 7 𝑥 = 7, 𝑦 = 4
𝑥 = 5, 𝑦 = 6 𝑥 = 6, 𝑦 = 5