(Class – IX)

Exercises
Question 1: www.tiwariacademy.com
Convert the following temperatures into the Celsius scale.
(a) 300 K (b) 573 K
Answer 1:
(a) 300 K = 300 – 273 = 27 0C
(b) 573 K = 573 – 273 = 300 0C

Question 2: www.tiwariacademy.com
Convert the following temperatures into the Kelvin scale.
(a) 25OC (b) 373OC
Answer 2:
(a) 25OC = 25 + 273 = 298 K
(b) 373OC = 373 + 273 = 646 K

Question 3: www.tiwariacademy.com
Give reasons for the following observations.
(a) Naphthalene balls disappear with time without leaving any solid.
(b) We can get the smell of perfume sitting several meters away.
Answer 3:
(a) Naphthalene shows the property of sublimation. Evaporation of naphthalene
takes place easily and so it disappears during course of time without leaving a
solid.
(b) Perfumes vaporize very fast and its vapours diffuse into air easily. That is why
we can smell perfume sitting several meters away.

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Question 4: www.tiwariacademy.com
Arrange the following in increasing order of forces of attraction between the
particles – water, sugar, oxygen.
Answer 4:
Oxygen < Water < Sugar.
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Question 5:
What is the physical state of water at —
(a) 25°C (b) 0°C (c) 100°C?
Answer 5:
(a) Liquid
(b) Solid and Liquid
(c) Liquid and Vapours
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Question 6:
Give two reasons to justify:
(a) Water at room temperature is a liquid.
(b) An iron almirah is a solid at room temperature.
Answer 6:
(a) Water at room temperature is a liquid because it has fluidity and has definite
volume but no definite shape.
(b) An iron almirah is a solid at room temperature because it is rigid and has a
definite shape.

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Question 7: www.tiwariacademy.com
Why is ice at 273 K more effective in cooling than water at the same temperature?
Answer 7:
Ice at 273 K is less energetic than water. It is because of the difference in the
latent heat of fusion which is present in water at the same temperature in the form
of extra energy.
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Question 8:
What produces more severe burns, boiling water or steam?
Answer 8:
Steam produces more severe burns than boiling water. This is because steam has
more energy than boiling water, present in it in the form of latent heat of
vaporization.
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Question 9:
Name A, B, C, D, E and F in the following diagram showing change in its state:

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Answer 9: www.tiwariacademy.com
A → Melting
B → Boiling
C → Condensation
D → Solidification
E → Sublimation
F → Sublimation
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 Page 3

Question 1:
Which of the following are matter?
Chair, air, love, smell, hate, almonds, thought, cold, cold drink, smell of perfume.
Answer 1:
Anything that occupies space and has mass is called matter. Matter can exist in
three physical states—solid, liquid, and gaseous.
Chair and almond are forms of matter in the solid state.
Cold drink is a liquid state of matter.
Air and smell of perfume are gaseous states of matter.
Note: The sense of smell is not matter. However, the smell or odour of a substance
is classified as matter. The smell of any substance (say, perfume) is the gaseous
form of that substance which our olfactory system can detect (even at very low
concentrations). Hence, smell of perfume is matter.

Question 2:
Give reasons for the following observation:
The smell of hot sizzling food reaches you several metres away, but to get the
smell from cold food you have to go close.
Answer 2:
Solids diffuse at a very slow rate. But, if the temperature of the solid is increased,
then the rate of diffusion of the solid particles into air increases. This is due to an
increase in the kinetic energy of solid particles. Hence, the smell of hot sizzling
food reaches us even at a distance, but to get the smell from cold food we have to
go close.

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Question 3:
A diver is able to cut through water in a swimming pool. Which property of matter
does this observation show?
Answer 3:
The ability of a diver to cut through water in a swimming pool shows that matter
is made up of particles.

Question 4:
What are the characteristics of particles of matter?
Answer 4:
The characteristics of particles of matter are:
Particles of matter have spaces between them.
Particles of matter are continuously moving.
Particles of mater attract each other.

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 Page 6

Question 1:
The mass per unit volume of a substance is called density (density =
mass/volume). Arrange the following in order of increasing density − air, exhaust
from chimney, honey, water, chalk, cotton, and iron.
Answer 1:
The given substances in the increasing order of their densities can be represented
as: Air < Exhaust from chimney < Cotton < Water < Honey < Chalk < Iron

Question 2:
a) Tabulate the differences in the characteristics of states of matter.
b) Comment upon the following: rigidity, compressibility, fluidity, filling a
gas container, shape, kinetic energy, and density.
Answer 2:
a) The differences in the characteristics of states of matter are given in the
following table.
S
No
Solid state Liquid state Gaseous state

1. Definite shape and No definite shape. Liquids Gases have neither a

volume. attain the shape of the vessel definite shape nor a
in which they are kept. definite volume.
2. Incompressible Compressible to a small Highly compressible
extent.
3. There is little space These particles have a The space between gas
between the particles of greater space between them. particles is the greatest.
a solid.
4. These particles attract The force of attraction The force of attraction is
each other very between liquid particles is least between gaseous
strongly. less than solid particles. particles.
5. Particles of solid These particles move freely. Gaseous particles are in a
cannot move freely. continuous, random
motion.

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b) Rigidity can be expressed as the tendency of matter to resist a change in shape.
Compressibility is the ability to be reduced to a lower volume when force is
applied.
Fluidity is the ability to flow.
By filling a gas container we mean the attainment of shape of the container by
gas.
Shape defines a definite boundary.
Kinetic energy is the energy possessed by a particle due to its motion.
Density is mass per unit volume.

Question 3:
Give reasons:
a) A gas fills completely the vessel in which it is kept.
b) A gas exerts pressure on the walls of the container.
c) A wooden table should be called a solid.
d) We can easily move our hand in air, but to do the same through a solid
block of wood, we need a karate expert.
Answer 3:
a) There is little attraction between particles of gas. Thus, gas particles move
freely in all directions. Therefore, gas completely fills the vessel in which
it is kept.
b) Particles of gas move randomly in all directions at high speed. As a result,
the particles hit each other and also hit the walls of the container with a
force. Therefore, gas exerts pressure on the walls of the container.
c) A wooden table has a definite shape and volume. It is very rigid and cannot
be compressed i.e., it has the characteristics of a solid. Hence, a wooden
table should be called a solid.
d) Particles of air have large spaces between them. On the other hand, wood
has little space between its particles. Also, it is rigid. For this reason, we
can easily move our hands in air, but to do the same through a solid block
of wood, we need a karate expert.

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Question 4:
Liquids generally have lower density as compared to solids. But you must have
observed that ice floats on water. Find out why.
Answer 4:
The mass per unit volume of a substance is called density (density =
mass/volume).
As the volume of a substance increases, its density decreases.
Though ice is a solid, it has large number of empty spaces between its particles.
These spaces are larger as compared to the spaces present between the particles
of water. Thus, the volume of ice is greater than that of water. Hence, the density
of ice is less than that of water. A substance with lower density than water can
float on water. Therefore, ice floats on water.

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 Page 9
Question 1:
Convert the following temperature to Celsius scale:
a) 300 K
b) 573 K
Answer 1:
a) 300 K = (300 − 273)°C = 27°C
b) 573 K = (573 − 273)°C = 300°C

Question 2:
What is the physical state of water at:
a) 250°C
b) 100°C
Answer 2:
a) Water at 250°C exists in gaseous state.
b) At 100°C, water can exist in both liquid and gaseous form. At this
temperature, after getting the heat equal to the latent heat of vaporization,
water starts changing from liquid state to gaseous state.

Question 3:
For any substance, why does the temperature remain constant during the change
of state?
Answer 3:
During a change of state, the temperature remains constant. This is because all
the heat supplied to increase the temperature is utilised (as latent heat) in changing
the state by overcoming the forces of attraction between the particles. Therefore,
this heat does not contribute in increasing the temperature of the substance.

Question 4:
Suggest a method to liquefy atmospheric gases.
Answer 4:
By applying pressure and reducing the temperature, atmospheric gases can be
liquefied.

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 Page 10
Question 1:
Why does a desert cooler cool better on a hot dry day?
Answer 1:
When a liquid evaporates, the particles of the liquid absorb energy from the
surroundings to compensate the loss of energy during evaporation. This makes
the surroundings cool.
In a desert cooler, the water inside it is made to evaporate. This leads to absorption
of energy from the surroundings, thereby cooling the surroundings. Again, we
know that evaporation depends on the amount of water vapour present in air
(humidity). If the amount of water vapour present in air is less, then evaporation
is more. On a hot dry day, the amount of water vapour present in air is less. Thus,
water present inside the desert cooler evaporates more, thereby cooling the
surroundings more.
That is why a desert cooler cools better on a hot dry day.

Question 2:
How does water kept in an earthen pot (matka) become cool during summers?
Answer 2:
When a liquid evaporates, the particles of the liquid absorb energy from the
container to compensate the loss of energy during evaporation. This makes the
remaining water cool.
There are some pores in an earthen pot through which the liquid inside the pot
evaporates. This evaporation makes the water inside the pot cool. In this way,
water kept in an earthen pot becomes cool during summers.

Question 3:
Why does our palm feel cold when we put some acetone or petrol or perfume on
it?
Answer 3:
When we put some acetone or petrol or perfume on our palm, it evaporates.
During evaporation, particles of the liquid absorb energy from the surrounding or
the surface of the palm to compensate for the loss of energy, making the
surroundings cool. Hence, our palm feels cold when we put some acetone or
petrol or perfume on it.

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Question 4:
Why are we able to sip hot tea or milk faster from a saucer than a cup?
Answer 4:
A liquid has a larger surface area in a saucer than in a cup. Thus, it evaporates
faster and cools faster in a saucer than in a cup. For this reason, we are able to sip
hot tea or milk faster from a saucer than a cup.
Question 5:
What type of clothes should we wear in summers?
Answer 5:
We should wear cotton clothes in summers. During summers, we sweat more. On
the other hand, cotton is a good absorber of water. Thus, it absorbs sweat from
our body and exposes the liquid to the atmosphere, making evaporation faster.
During this evaporation, particles on the surface of the liquid gain energy from
our body surface, making the body cool.