1

Prof. Dr. Musarrat Ullah Khan Afridi

 Inventor : Pre-packaged Polymer-Modified Cements
Systems (PPMCS)
 Work On PPMCS was followed all over the world
including USA, Germany, Japan, UK, etc.
 Current worldwide Citations = 500+
 Have more than 37 years experience in Education and
Industrial Management
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Pre-packaged Polymer Modified Mortars and Sealing

Slurries as Repair , Renovation, Durability Improving
and Water Proofing Materials
 Dr. Stärke 3
Prepackaged Polymer-Modified Mortars and
Sealing Slurries

• Cement
• Fine Aggregate
• Redispersible Polymer Powders
• Superplasticizers
• Antifoaming Agents
• Shrinkage Compensating Agents
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 Dr. Stärke
Colored Sealer Coatings 5
 Background for the Development of Pre-Packaged
Polymer Modified Cement Systems 6
• After the invention of Portland Cements 1876, the practice of using natural polymers was not
continued affectively, may be due to Superior Properties of the Concrete made by the Portland
Cements.
• After World War II , Civil Structures had to be repaired extensively.
• Pure Portland Cement based mixes were tried to repair such damages but failed. This happened
because of the following limitations of Portland Cements Concrete:
• Low Flexural, Tensile Strengths
• Low Flexural and Tensile strain and Deflection values
• Low Bond Strengths and lessor crack resistance values
• Rapid Loss of GAUGING water particularly in thin surfacings .
• After this again practice of using natural polymers with Portland Cements was revived, which was
effective
• Since the availability of natural polymers was limited , therefore efforts were made to develop
synthetic polymers for use with Portland Cements . Now these synthetic Polymers are available and
we may use them in Pre-packaged Cement mixes
 Shortcomings of Un Modified Cement Systems 7

• The inorganic binder system or matrix of UMM shows Various voids, cracks and
discontinuities.
These shortcomings are responsible for various limitations of UMM.
• The inferior characteristics of UMM include low tensile, flexural and bond strengths, lesser
elastic and deformation properties, low freeze-thaw durability and higher crack-coefficient.
• The performance of UMM is also limited by its higher water absorption and permeation,
higher uptake of corrosion leading factors like higher diffusion of CO2 and higher chloride
ion (Cl-) intrusion.
• Such inferior characteristics of UMM are due to absence of polymer films in this system.
• This makes the mortar constituents of UMM loosely joined with each other thus having a
structure with comparatively lower mechanical and durability characteristics.
Shortcomings of Un Modified 8

Cement Systems

Fig.5
Unmodified Mortar after 1 Hour HCl Etching. No Polymer Film is Seen. The
Mortar Constituents are Lying Apart from each other Showing Lesser Adhesion
Among themselves due to Absence of Polymer Films.
 Polymer- Modified Mortars and Concretes 9

These are those type of Concrete Polymer composites(CPC’s) in

which Cement is partially replaced with a suitable Polymer(Latex

or Emulsion).The %age of replacement is up to 20% for Structural

purposes and over for non structural purposes. Now a days PCM

and PCC are being used as popular construction materials

through out the world because (i) good balance between their

performance and cost and (ii) ease of application requiring no

special procedures.
 Improved Characteristics of Dr. Stärke Pre-packaged 10
polymer modified (Universal and Sealer)

• By contrast, mortar constituents in Dr. Starke PPMCs are compactly joined with each

other due to the presence of continuous, inter-weaving polymer films.

• This forms a monolithic structure in which the inorganic Portland cement binder or

matrix is improved or reinforced by an additional polymeric binder or co-matrix.

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Cracks &
Fig.5
Pores Fig.16
Fig.7
Unmodified Mortar after 1 Hour HCl Etching. No Polymer Film is Seen. The SBR-Modified Mortar with a Polymer-Cement Ratio of 10% after 5 Hours Etching with Powdered VA/VeoVa
VA/VeoVa--Modified Mortar with a Polymer-
Polymer-Cement Ratio of 20% after 5
Mortar Constituents are Lying Apart from each other Showing Lesser Adhesion HCI and 3 Hours Etching with HF. Fully Developed. Coherent Polymer Films having Hours Etching with HCl.
HCl. Fully Developed, Coherent Polymer Films having Mesh Like
Dense Structure are Obvious. Structure are Evident.
Among themselves due to Absence of Polymer Films.

Fig.17
Fig.13
Fig.18
SBR-Modified Mortar with a Polymer-Cement Ratio of 20% after 5 Hours Etching with HCI and
EVA-modified mortar with a P/C of 20% after 5 Hours Etching with HCI and 3 hours 3 Hours Etching with HF. Fully Developed. Coherent Polymer Films having Dense Structure and EVA-Modified Mortar with a Polymer-Cement Ratio of 20% after 5 Hours Etching with HCI
etching with HF. Fully developed, coherent polymer films having elastic character and Fibrous Character are Seen. Pattern of Reinforcement of Cavities Among Mortar Constituents by and 3 Hours Etching with HF. Pattern of Reinforcement of Cavities Among Mortar
smooth surface are evident. Polymer. Films is also Clear Constituents by Polymer Films is Clear at Low Magnification.
 Requirement For Polymers to be used in 12
Polymer- Modified Mortars and Concretes

The Polymer to be mixed with mortar or concrete should be

compatible with water and may be in powdered or liquid
form. The powdered film forming polymers being the latest are
used to prepare Pre-Packaged Polymer-Modified Cement
Systems.
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Polymer Particles Coagulate to form Flexible Polymer Films. These

Polymer Films Improve Elasticity, Ductility, Bond Strength and
Durability Properties of Mortars and Concretes.
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Polymer Particles Coagulate to form Flexible Polymer Films.

These Polymer Films Improve Elasticity, Ductility, Bond
Strength and Durability Properties of Mortars and Concretes.
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Specifications for Dr. Stärke (Sealer) 17
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Repairs , Renovation and Water

Proofing jobs done by using Dr.Stärke
(Universal and Sealer)
At
PAF Base, Sargodha.
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Dr Starke 37
(sealer)
coatings are
very effective
and easy to
apply on DPC’s
for
waterproofing.
Dr Starke 38
(sealer)
coatings are
very effective
and easy to
apply on DPC’s
for
waterproofing.
Dr Starke 39
(sealer)
coatings are
very effective
and easy to
apply on DPC’s
for
waterproofing.
Dr Starke 40
(sealer)
coatings are
very effective
and easy to
apply on DPC’s
for
waterproofing.
 Use Of Dr. Starke
(Universal)
as an admixture to Mortar
and Concrete for Patch
Repairs
Patch Repairs
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Patch Repairs
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Patch Repairs
44
Waterproof
Coating 45
Application
Waterproof
Coating 46
Application
Waterproof
Coating 47
Application
Waterproof
Coating 48
Application
Waterproof
Coating 49
Application
Application of Pre Packaged Polymer Modified
Sealing Slurry (PPMS) 50
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Rawalpindi, Water-Proof PPMCS Coating Being Applied on a Roof Top.

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PPMCS Sealer Coatings can also be applied on Bituminous base for water proofing applications
of concrete slabs easily.
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Concrete Roof waterproofed after PPMCS Sealer Coatings.

SEEPAGE REDUCTION EFFICIENCY 54
 Repairs and Rehabilitation 55
SEEPAGE REDUCTION EFFICIENCY
 Repairs and Rehabilitation 56
SEEPAGE REDUCTION EFFICIENCY
 Repairs and Rehabilitation 57
SEEPAGE REDUCTION EFFICIENCY
 Repairs and Rehabilitation
SEEPAGE REDUCTION EFFICIENCY 58
 Repairs and Rehabilitation 59
SEEPAGE REDUCTION EFFICIENCY
 Repairs and Rehabilitation 60
SEEPAGE REDUCTION EFFICIENCY
 Repairs and Rehabilitation 61
SEEPAGE REDUCTION EFFICIENCY
 Repairs and Rehabilitation
SEEPAGE REDUCTION EFFICIENCY 62
Shape Changed,
Repairs and 63
Renovation of
Hangar
Shape Changed,
Repairs and 64
Renovation of
Hangar
Shape Changed,
Repairs and 65
Renovation of
Hangar
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Repair Of a Concrete
Structure by Dr.Stärke
(Universal) whose skin was
washed away due to rain just
after pouring
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Use Of Dr. Starke (Universal)
as an admixture to Concrete
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At about 7 – 8 Feet from the road level a thick band of water trapped in the
soil is evident. This may create water proofing and durability issues in the
structure
 Cohesive
Concrete
Mix due to
addition of
Dr. Starke
(Universal)
 Cohesive
Concrete
Mix due to
addition of
Dr. Starke
(Universal)
 Cohesive
Concrete
Mix due to
addition of
Dr. Starke
(Universal)
 Cohesive
Concrete
Mix due to
addition of
Dr. Starke
(Universal)
 Cohesive
Concrete
Mix due to
addition of
Dr. Starke
(Universal)
 Cohesive
Concrete
Mix due to
addition of
Dr. Starke
(Universal)
Cohesive
Concrete Mix
due to addition
of Dr. Starke
(Universal)
Cohesive
Concrete Mix
due to addition
of Dr. Starke
(Universal)
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Highly Compacted
Surface of 1:2:4
Concrete with
addition of 5 % , Dr.
Starke (Universal).
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Highly Compacted Surface of 1:2:4

Concrete with addition of 5 % , Dr.
Starke (Universal).
 Patch Repairs of Honeycombs:-
Using Dr. Starke (Universal) as an admixture to
Cement Mortar
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Water Proofing of
Basement by
Application of
Dr. Stärke (Sealer)
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Sealer Coating on a Bridge Deck

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Tile Fixing in a Swimming Pool
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Grouting Application 108
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Re-strengthening & Jacketting of the piles of Brewery Bridge, Loranala,

Quetta with 8 inch thick RCC using 10% Prepackaged Polymer-
Modified Mortars in 1998. (Work in Progress).In this case Epoxy Bond
Coat was replaced by Bond Coat prepared with prepackaged
polymer modified mortar in order to reduce cost.
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Re-strengthening & Jacketing of the piles of Brewery Bridge, Loranala, Quetta with 8 inch
thick RCC using 10% Prepackaged Polymer-Modified Mortars in 1998. (After
Completion).The resulting surface was extremely compact and strong. The test cubes of
modified concrete showed 25% increase in compressive strength. This technology
therfore prooved user’s friendly requiring minimum skilled labour and highly economical
among similar group of materials.( MUK Afridi et al., “ A Revelutionary Prepackaged
Polymer-Modified Superplasticized Mortar with Field Applications and Labortary
Obsevations”, PEC Proceedings,68th Annual Session,1998-2000,pp.373-381.
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Piers (Columns) of aqueduct on main canal of Hub Dam before

repairs.(MUK Afridi etal;”Efficiency Improvement and Rehabilitation
of Water Retaining Structures Using Prepackaged Polymer-
Modified Cementitious Materials”,Proceedings of Seminar on
Water Storage by Large Dams,Institution of Engineers
Pakistan,30.4.2005,pp.55-77.
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Jacketing of Piers (Columns) of aqueduct on main canal of Hub Dam

in process. (MUK Afridi et al.,IEP Proceedings 2005).
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Piers (Columns) of aqueduct on main canal of Hub Dam after repairs

(MUK Afridi et al; IEP Proceedings 2005).
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Mirpur Mathelo Fertilizer complex repairs: Cooling Tower before repairs( MUK
Afridi et al; “Repairs and Rehabilitation of Cooling Tower-A Case
History”,Proceedings Seminar on Amonia and Urea Technology, Fauji
Fertilizer Company,PC Bhurban Murree,Sep 1-2 2003.
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Mirpur Mathelo Fertilizer complex repairs: Cooling Tower before repairs, another view
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Mirpur Mathelo Fertilizer complex repairs: Cooling Tower before repairs, another view
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Mirpur Mathelo Fertilizer Complex Repairs: Cooling Tower Before Repairs, Corroded
Reinforcing Bars
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Mirpur Mathelo Fertilizer Complex Repairs: Cooling Tower Before Repairs, Corroded
Reinforcing Bars Supported by New Bars
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Mirpur Mathelo Fertilizer Complex Repairs: Cooling Tower Before Repairs, Corroded
Reinforcing Bars Supported by New Bars; Patching by Prepackaged Polymer-Modified Cement Mix .
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Mirpur Mathelo Fertilizer Complex Repairs: Cooling Tower After Repairs with a
Prepackaged Polymer Modified admixed Repair System and coating by
Polymer-Modified Sealing Slurry.The results of repais were excellent with high
structural integrity.The compressive strength of unrepaired concrete as tested
by Schmidth Hammer test was just @800 psi and that repaired by this
technology was 3200 psi.
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Bhitshah, Hyderabad, Sindh: Heritage Revival., 200-Year Old Dome of the Mazar
of Shah Abdul Latif Bhitaii (Containing Lime Mortar) in Deteriorated Condition.
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Bhitshah, Hyderabad, Sindh: Heritage Revival., PPMCS Containing Bond

Coat Sticks Very Strongly to 200-Year Old Dome of the Mazar of Shah
Abdul Latif Bhitaii (Containing Lime Mortar).
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Bhitshah, Hyderabad, Sindh: Heritage Revival., PPMCS Containing Cement Mix

Sticks Very Strongly to 200-Year Old Dome of the Mazar of Shah Abdul Latif Bhitaii
(Containing Lime Mortar).
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Year 2000

Bhitshah, Hyderabad, Sindh: Heritage Revival., PPMCS Containing Cement Mix

Sticks Very Strongly to 200-Year Old Dome of the Mazar of Shah Abdul Latif Bhitaii
(Containing Lime Mortar).(MUK Afridi et al PEC Proceedings,68th and 69th Annual
Sessions 1998-2000 and 2001-4.ss
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Research project 129
5 Marla Project “Parklane Homes”
PPMS Sample Applied = 80 Houses
Area = 80 x 800 = 64000 SFT
Research project 130
5 Marla Project “Parklane Homes”
PPMS Sample Applied = 64 Houses
Area = 800x 64 = 64000 SFT
Research project
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4 Marla Project “Executive Cottages”

Bitumen Sample Applied = 60 Houses
Area = 700x 60 = 42000 SFT
Research project 132
4 Marla Project “Executive Cottages”
Bitumen Sample Applied = 60 Houses
Area = 700x 60 = 42000 SFT
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Chunian, Cracks in Shell Roof

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Chunian, Cracks in Shell Roof

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Chunian, Cracks in Shell Roof Filled and Coated by Dr Starke (Universal)

and (Sealer)
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Chunian, Cracks in Shell Roof Filled and Coated by Dr Starke (Universal)

and (Sealer).MUK Afridi et al;”Prepackaged Polymer-Modified Proves
Effective Construction Material-Field and Laboratory
Observations”,Poceedings PEC 69th Annual Session,2001-4,Lahore,pp179-
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Karachi, A Potion of Roof Screeding. A Typical Glare is due to Presence

of Polymers.
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Karachi, A Completed Potion of Roof Screeding.

Pre-Packaged Polymer- 139
Modified Repair Mortars,
Colored Plasters and
Grouts were successfully
used in Repairs,
Rehabilitation and
Repointing of The
Mohatta Palace,
Karachi, which is a
National Heritage
Building in 2000-2001
(Architect Habib Fida
Ali).
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Prominent Water Marks Apparent

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Prominent Water Marks Apparent

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NO Prominent Water Marks Apparent

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Staples Fixed in Crack

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Staples Fixed in Crack (Closer view)

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Cracks Repaired by PPMCS Modified Mix After Treatment

with Staples
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Pipe Joints Can Easily Be Repaired by PPMCS Mix with Good Results.
Mortars 147
mixed with
Dr Starke
(Universal)
and
Wrapped
over pipe
joints provide
additional
safety.
Mortars 148
mixed with
Dr Starke
(Universal)
and
Wrapped
over pipe
joints provide
additional
safety.
Mortars 149
mixed with
Dr Starke
(Universal)
and
Wrapped
over pipe
joints provide
additional
safety.
Mortars 150
mixed with
Dr Starke
(Universal)
and
Wrapped
over pipe
joints provide
additional
safety.
Mortars 151
mixed with
Dr Starke
(Universal)
and
Wrapped
over pipe
joints provide
additional
safety.
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Use Of Dr. Starke Super Plasticizer in

Concreting Operations
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