LusTRATION 25 Two vectors, both equal in

magnitude, have their resultant equal in magnitude of the

either. Find the angle between the two vectors.

sOLUTION. Let the two vectors be P and and their

resultant be R .It is given that P = Q=R.

If e is the angle between P and , then

R=p+0+2 PQcose
P= yP+p?
+2P-P cos
p?=2 p2 (1 + cos 0) 1+ cos 0 =1/2
cos 6 - 1/2 = cos 120°
120
LCUSTRATION 2 If vectors P,0 and R have

magnitudes 5, 12 and 13 units and P+Q =R , find the

and R
angle between .

SOLUTION. As 52 + 12 = 13, the three vectors form a

right angled triangle.

P
FIGURE 1.21

c o s 0= QIR = 12/13 cos 12/13

LLUSTRATION 27 A vector A and B make angles
of 20° and 110° respectively with the X-axis. The magnitudes
their
ofthese vectors are 5m and 12 m respectively. Find
resultant vector.

SOLUTION. Angle between the A and B is 110°-20° = 90

The magnitude of the resultant is

R=A+B2 +2AB cos 90 =s?+122 =13m

Let angle of R from A be a

AR

110
LAT20°..
X-Axis
FIGURE 1.22

tan a=- Bsin 12 sin 90° 12x1 12

A+ B cos 5+12 cos 90 5+12x0 5
a =tan (12/5)
The angle makes R with zaxis is 20° +a =|20°+ tan (12/5)
USTRATION 28 fthe sum of two unit vectors is
a unit vector, show that the magnitude of their difference
is
SOLUTION. Let the two unit vectors be a and b. Then,

at bl=1 ya-a+b-6+2à-b =1
cos 8= 1/2
+1+2cos =1
à-b1ya-à+b-b+2a-bcose
=
V+1-2cos 2-2x(-1/2) -
 EXAMPLE 35. What is the value of m in

mi+ to be unit vector?

Solution. Since, the given vector is a unit vector, we have

ExAMPLE 36. Let @=î+4/ -2k and b= 3?-5} +k.

Find a unit vector parallel to vector a+ b.

Solution. Let c =a+b

Then,
-+4-2)+3Í-5?+{h -4?-1-f
A 4i-1-k 4
+P+P 88
 ExAMPLE 37. Two forces each
numerically equal to 10 dynes
are actingas shown in
ng. 1.36.
Find the resultant of these two
vectors.
Solution. The angle 6 between the two 60°
vectors is 120° and not 60°. The 10 dyne
magnitude of the resultant vector is FIGURE 1.36
is
R=10+ 105 + 2x 10x 10cos120

vi00+100-100 =10 dyne

EXAMPLE 38. The resultant of two vectors P and Q is

perpendicular to P and its magnitude is half that of Q. What
is the angle between P and ?
Solution. Let R= P+®
Fig. 1.37 shows vectors satisfying the given conditions.

e
le

S.
A
P
FIGURE 1.37

Since. we have

or cos 6= 9 60
OB 2 2
S)
Therefore, angle between P and Q is 90 + 60" =150

EXAMPLE 39. The sum of the magnitudes of two forces acting

at a point is 18N and the magnitude of their resultant is 12 N. If
the resultant makes an angle of 90° with the force of smaller
magnitude, what are the magnitudes of the two forces?

Solution. Let the two forces be P and .

Let P<Q and R be the resultant vector.

Then, P+0= 18 and R= 12
From fig. 1.38, by pythagorus theorem,
= P+R?
(18- P= P? + 122
36 P = 18- 12 = 30 x6 FIGURE 1.38
P=5N and Q 18-5= 13N
ExAMPLE 43. If la+61=1a-b1, what is the angle
between a and b .

Solution. I a+ bi=la-b1
a2+b+2 ab cos 0 = a + b-2 ab cos
ab 6 0 c o s 6 =0
4 cos =

Therefore, angle between a and b is 90

Alternate Solution

FIGURE 1.39

From OC a +b and BA = a -

b
fig. 1.25, =

have 0C = ABB
Since, Ia +bl=la-bl, we

As the of a parallelogram are equal, the parallelogram

diagonals
must be a rectangle.

Therefore, angle between a and b is 90°

 (d) 1-5 mm
(c) 1:4 mm
has a direction
133. A physical quantity which
vector
(a) must be a vector (b) may be a

(d) none of the above

(c) must be a scalar
134. How many minimum number of coplanar vectors which represent
be added
can
Same physical quantity having different magnitudes
to give zero resultant
(a) 2 (b) 3
(c) 4 (d) 5
135. Position vectors (p, 4) and (5, 1) are parallel if
(b) pq = 5
(a) p+q=5
(c) p = 5 q (d) q = 5p

136. Let c= a+ b
(a) I c'l is always greater than I al
b) It is possible to have lel<lal and | ci<|b1
(c)1el is alwayscqual to al+1b1
(d) I c'l is never equal to Ial+1 b
137. Two particles A and B move along the straight lines x + 2 y+
30 and 2x+y-3 = 0 respectively. Their position vector, at
the time of meeting will be

(a) 31+3 (b) 3i-3

(d) Particles never meet

138. Let u- -î+2), b 3?-2? and 5}. Then

d+b -2 is
(a) 2+ 10f (b)-2i+ 10
 (c) 2i-10 (d) 3+2j
has displacement of 12
m towards east, then 5
f 139. A particle m
towards north and then 6 m vertically upward. The magnitude

of sum of these displacements is

(a) 12 m
(6) 10-04 m

(c) 14.31 m () 23 m
140. A man started walking down a road in morning facing the sun.
After walking for some time, he turned to his left. Aftera
while, he then turned to his right. In which direction was he

going then
(a) East (b) North-west
(c) North-east (d) South
141. There are two force vectors, one of 5 N and the other of 12 N.
At what angle, the two vectors be added to get resultant vector

of 17 N, 7 N and 13 N respectively.
(a) 0, 180 and 90° (b) 0°, 90° and 180
(c) 0', 0° and 9° (d) 180°, 0° and 90°
n 142. A bird moves in a straight line from point (1 m, -2 m, 3 m) to
(4 m, 2 m, 3 m). If the speed of the bird is 10 m/s, then the
velocity vector of the bird in m/s is
(o) 5t+ 2+3 (6) 5441+2+3k)
() 061+08 (d) 6+8
143. The unit vector parallel to the resultant of the vectors
- 41+3+6R and B= -î+37-8î is

(0+6-2 ()i-6+28)

(c)3i+6j+2k)
49 (3+6-28)
144. The two vectors A and B are drawn fromn a common point

and C = A+ B then angle between A and B is

(a) 90P if C22A2+ B2
(6) Greater than 90° if C <A+ B2
(c)Greater than 90° if C*> A2 + B
) None of these
145. Following forces start acting on a particle at rest at the ongin
of the co-ordinate system
simultaneously
-4-5+5s.
F-3î+4-7.
Then the
F =121-3-2h
particle will move
(a) in x-y plane
(b) in y-z
plane
(c) in 1-z plane
(d) along I-axis
146. Three
coplanar vectors
A, B and C have
and 2
respectively. If the magnitudes
4,

120° then which of the angle between any two vectors

following vector may be equa"
3A,,C
4 3 2
 (o) b = 2 b) b =

20 A (c) -b=27 (d) a - b =

152. If Ao+ OB =
BO +OC. then A.
Band Care
(a) coplanar b)collinear
() non-collinear (d) none of these
FIGURE 1.49
153. Let the rwo vectors a and b be represented by two adjacent
(a) 6) sides AB
OA and respectively ofa regular

Then the side BC represents the vector

hexagon OABCDE
b)
(a)b- a b))a-b
FIGURE 1.50 (c)-6
147. The magnitude of pairs of
displacement vectors are
given.
Which pairs of displacement vectors cannot be added to 154. A car going due North at 10/2 ms turns right through an
give
a resultant vector of magnitude 13 cm? angle of 90P without changing speed. The change in velocity
(a) 4 cm, 16 cm (b) 20 em, 7 cm Or car 15

()I cm, (a) 20 ms in South-East direction

15 cm (d) 6 cm, 8 cm
148. Out of the following sets of forces, the resultant of which cannot
(b) 10/2 ms in South-East direction
zero

(a) 10,10,10 (b) 10,10,20 (c) 20 ms in South-East direction

(c) 10,20,20 (d) 10,20,40 (d) 20 ms in South-East direction

149. ë, is unit vector along radius of a circle shown in fig. 1.51. 155. The sum of three forces IFl = 10ON. 1=80N and

, can be represented as 0 N acting on a particle is zero. The angle between

and F, is nearly
a) . D)
143
c)3 d) 127
156. From Fig. 1.53, the correct relation is

C.
FIGURE 1.51

(a) cos i+ sin ej (b) sin Bi +cosj

(d) - cos B i +sin 9j

() cos 8i-sin 8j 3P

150. If a and b are position vector of A and B respectively, then

AB produced such that AC
=

vector of a C on
the posiuon point FIGURE 1.53
3 AB 1s
ta) A+B+ E =0 (b) C-D-A
(a) 3 a - b
(b) 3b-a
(e) B+E-C= -D (d) All of the above
(c) 3a-2b dh 3b-2a
c, where R is the
. Two torces 500N due east and F, =
250 N due north
1.52 shows three vectors a,b and
151. Fig.
Then which of the 1ollowing relations is have their common initial point. F- is
mudpoint of PQ.
correct?
(a) 250/5 N, tan (2) W of N

(b) 2S0 N, tan" (2) W of N

(c) 750 N, (3/4) N of W

tan
(d) Zero
158. The magnitude of resultant of the three vectors 0A, OB.

b and oc shown in fig. 1.54 is

FIGURE 1.52
 B

45

FIGURE 1.54
(a)r (b) 2r
c)r(1+2) (d) r(W2-1
159. Maximum and minimum
vectors of
magnitudes of the resultant of two
magnitude p and q are in the ratio 3: 1. Which of
the following relations is true?
(a)p= 2 4 (6) p = 9
( ) pg = 1
(d) None of these
160. If 6 is the angle between two vectorsa and b , then
a.b >0 only if
(a) 0 s0T (b) t2 s esT
() 0 s e s /2 (d) 0se < T/2
161. The ber of
176. The resultant of two
vectors A and B is
perpendicular to
the vector A and its magnitude is equal to half of the
magnitude of vector B. The angle between A and B is

90
FIGURE 1.55
(a) 120° (b) 150
(c) 135 (d) None of these
177. What is the angle between two vector forces of equal magnitude
such that their resultant is one-third of either of the original

forces?

(a) cos (6) cos

(d) 120°
(c) 45
180. The of n coplanar forces, each of magnitude F
vector sum

when each force is making an angle of 2 t/n with the

proceeding one, is
(a) zero (b) nF
(c) F/2 (d) nF/2

181. A vectormagnitude a is rotated through angle 6. What is

of
the magnitude of the change in the vector?
(a) 2 a sin / 2 (b) 2 a cos e/2
(c) 2 a sin (d) 2 a cos
O2 B o a s 1 o botsraan be
184. The vectors A and B are such that I A+ BI =1A- B1. Then
the angle between the two vectors will be
(a))* (b)60
(c)90 (d) 180

185. Given that P+ = P-Q. This can be true when

(a) P= 0 (6) =0
(c) neither P nor Q is a null vector

(d) P is perpendicular to
186. (+ b)-(a- b) = 0 implies that

(o) T-b (6)171=1i

(c) a b (d) a= -b
187. Given that P+Q R and P+
=
Q R'.=
The angle between
Pand is
(a) 0 (b)1TU4
TU2 (d)
188. Given that P+Q R Also,
=
.

P =Q= R. What should be the

angle between Pand ?

(a) 0 (b)TU3
c) 2 /3 (d)1
189. The resultant C of A and B is perpendicular to A. Also,
IAl=ICI. The angle between A and B is

(a)rad (b)rad
4

(C) rad (d)-ad

nple 57. Three vectors A, B. areshown inthe figure. Find angle between () and B. (i) Band ,(i)
A and C

A
30
45
C
Solution. ToTind the angle between two vectors we connect the tails of the
twovectors. We can shift Bsuch that tails of A. B and are
connected as
shown in figure.
Nowwe caneasily observe that angle between A and Bis 60.
B and Cis 15° and between Aandóis 75°.
Example58. Aunitvectoralong Eastis defined as i. Aforce of 10 dynesacts west wards. Represent the torce in
terms of i.
Solution. F =- 105 i dynes
 Example 59. physical quantity (m =3kg)is multiplied by a vector suchthat F = mä. Find the magnitude and
A

directionof Fif
a =3m/s? East wards
a =-4m/s° North wards
Solution. F= ma = 3 x3 ms-2East wards = 9N East wards
(10) F mä =3x(-4) N North wards
=- 12N North wards =1 2 N South wards
Example 60. Find the resultant of two forces each having magnitude F, and angle between them is 0.

Solution. Fiotant F F +2F cos 0

2F6 (1 + COs 0)

2F3 (1+2 cos -1)

2F 2 cos

reaoRat 2 , cos

Example 61. Two non

zero vectors A and B are such that
IA + Bl=lA -

BI. Find angle between A and B

Solution. IA Bl=1 -BI A+B+2AB cos
=A + B -

2AB cos

4AB cos 0 = 0 cOs = 0

Example 62. The resultant of two

velocity vectors A and B is perpendicular to A. Magnitude of Resultant Ris
equal to half magnitude of B.
Find the angle between and B?
Solution. Since R is perpendicular to A. Figure shows the three vectors A, B and R.

angle between A andB isz-0

sin

= 30°
angle between A and B is
150°
A

Example 63. If the sum of two unit vectors is

also a unit vector. Find the magnitude of their difference?
Solution. Let A and B are the given unit vectors and
R is their resultant then

1
A +(@? -21ÂuBlcos0
1
1+1+2 cos 0 COs 0=
2

A-8l Ay* +()* -21ÀUÉI cos0 =1+1-2x1x- 3

A-4. tan15 is equilvalent to

(A)2-3 (B) (5+V3)

A-5. sin*e is equivalent to : [16JP110162]

1+ cos 20
(C) 1-cos26 cos 29-11
(8)2 2(D)

A-6. sinA sin(A + B) is equal to

(A)cos'A.cosB+sinAsin'B (B)sinPA. cosB+Ccos2A. sinBB

(C) sinPA. cosB+ sin2A. sinB (D) sin A. sinB + cosA cos*B

A-7"-sin is equivelent to [16JP110163]

(A) cos 0 (B)cos- (C) sin (0-) (D) sin (r+0)

If x, = 8 Ssine and x, = 6cosd then

A-8.
(A) (x, + Xgma= 10 (8) X, +X, =10 sin(0+37)

(C) x,x = 24 sin20 (D) 2

tane

A-9.
0 is angle between side CA and CB of triangle, shown in the figure then 0 is given by [16JP110164]

3m

4m

(B) Sin
V5
(C) tan0 = (D) tan 2
(A) cos 3
SECTION (A): DEFINITION OF VECTOR &ANGLE BETWEEN VECTORS

A-1 Vectors A B and Care shown in Find

,

figure. angle between

60

(i) A and B, (i) A and

C. (ii) B and .
A-2. ne rorces, each numerically equal to 5 N, are acting as shown in the Figure. Find the angle between forcess?

5N/

s0
5N

A-3. Rain is falling vertically downwards with a speed 5 m/s. If unit vector along upward is defined as j, represent
velocity of rain in vector form.
[16JP110177]
A-4. The vector joining the points A (1, 1,-1) and B (2,-3, 4) & pointing from A to B is -

(A)-i+4i -5k (B)i+4 +5k (C)i-4 +5k (D)-i4j -5k.

SECTION- (B): ADDITION
8-1.
OFVECTORS
A man walks 40 m North, then 30 m East and then 40 m South. Find the displacement from the starting
point?

B-2. A vector of magnitude 30 and direction eastwards is added with another vector of magnitude 40 and direction
Northwards. Find the magnitude and direction of resultant with the east.
[16JP110178]

B-3. Two vectors ä and b inclined at an angle 0 w.ri. each other have a resultant c which makes an angle p with
ä. If the directions of à and b are interchanged, then the resultant will have the same
(B) direction
(A) magnitude
well as direction (D) neither magnitude nor direction.
(C) magnitude as

C lies outside this plane. The resultant A +8-C of

B-4. Two vectors A and B lie in a plane. Another vector
these three vectorss
(A) can be zero (B) cannot be zero

(C)lies in the plane of A & B (D) lies in the plane of À & A +B

B-5. The vector sum of the forces of 10N and6N can be

(A) 2N (B) 8N (C) 18N (D) 20N.
B-6. A Set of vectors taken in a given order gives a closed polygon. Then the resultant of these vectors is a
(A) scalar quantity
[16JP110179]
(B) pseudo vector (C)unit vector (D) null vector.
B-7. The vector sum of two force P and Q is minimum when the 0 between their positive directions,
angle is

(A) (B) (C) (D) .

2
B-8. of two
he vector sum
vectors A and B is maximum, then the angle 0 between two vectorsis
(A) 0° (B) 30 (D) 60°
()45
B-9. Given: C A B.Also, the
+
magnitude of A. B and C are 12, 5 and 13 units respectively. The angle
between À and B is

(A) 0° (B) (C) (D) .

B-10. If P + Q =P Q and 6 is the angle betweenP and a, then

(A) = 0 (B) 0 = 90°
(16JP110180]
(C) P = 0 (D) Q =0
B-11.
The sum and difference ofhave
two
perpendicular vectors
between
of equal lengths are
(A) of equal lengths and an
acute angle them
(B) of equal length and have an obtuse angle between them
(C) also perpendicular to each other and are of different lengths
(D) also perpendicular to each other and are of equal lengths.
 Fora triangie snown in the
figure, side CA is 10 m, angle A and angle 2 C are equal then

120°

b=10m
(A) side a side c = 10m
(B) side a side C
10/3
(C) side a = side c = m
(D) side a side
1
3
= c =
m
If y, Asin8, and y,
= =
Asint, then

(A) y, +y, = 2A sin cos (B) y, +ya =

2Asin®, sine

(C)y,-y,2Asin 2cae cos2+2 (D)y,.Y-2A cos+0,.cos-

5. Which of following are true
(A) sin37° +cos37° = sin53° + cos53° (B) sin37° -

cos37° =
cos53° -

sin53
(C) tan37° + 1 =
tan 53 1
(D)tan37 x tan53° =1

6'. If R2= A+ B+2AB cose, if lAl = IBI then value of magntitude of R is equivalent to [16JP110184]
(A) 2Acose (B) Acos (C) 2Acos (D) 28cos 2
r
CivC n f inotionr ut t rion do tUO
8. A vector is not changed it
(A) it is displaced parallel to itself (B) it is rotated through an arbitrary angle
(C) it is
cross-multiplied by a unit vector (D) it is multiplied by an arbitrary scalar.
9.
I the angle between two forces increases, the magnitude of their resultant
(A) decreases (B) increases
(C)remains unchanged (D) first decreases and then increases
10. A Caris moving on a straight road due north with a uniform speed of 50 km h-t when it turns left through 90°
t n e speed remains
unchanged after turning, the change in the velocity of the car in the is turning process
[16JP110195]
(A) zero (B) 50 2 km h-" S-W direction
(C) 50 2 km h-' N-W direction (D) 50 km h-" due west.
11. Which of the following sets of displacements might be capable of bringing a car to its
(A) 5, 10, 30 and 50 km returning pOint?
(B) 5, 9, 9 and 16 km
(C)40, 40, 90 and 200 km
(D) 10, 20, 40 and 90 km
12. When two vector ä and b are added, the magnitude of the resultant vector is always
A) greater than (a + b) [16JP110196]
(C) less than (a + b) (B) less than or equal to (a + b)
(D) equal to (a + b)
13. If IA+ Bl=l then the angle between
(A) 0°
A and B is
(B)60° (C) 90
(D) 120°
14. Given: a + b+C =
0. Out of the three vectors a, b and c two are
equal in magnitude. The magnitude of the third
vector is 2 times that of either of the two having equal
magnitude. The angles between the vectors are
(A) 90°, 135°,. 135° (B) 30°, 60°, 90° [16JP110197
(C) 459, 45°, 90° (D) 45°, 609, 90°
15. Vector A is of length 2 cm and is 60 above the x-axis in the first quadrant. Vector B is of length 2 cm and
60° below the x-axis in the fourth quadrant. The sum A +B is a vector of magnitude
(A) 2 along + y-axis (B) 2 along+x-axis (C) 1 along-x axis (D) 2 along - x axis

16. Six forces, 9.81 Neach, acting at a point are coplanar. If the angles beteen neighboring forces are equa.
then the resultant is
(A)ON (B)9.81 N (C)2 9.81N (D) 3 * 9.81 N.
SECTION-(A)
A-1. ) 105,(i) 150°, (ii) 105.
A-2. 120 A-3. VR =-5j A-4. (C)
SECTION - (B)
B-1. 30m East B-2. 50, 53 with East
B-3. (A) B-4. (B) B-5. (B) B-6. (D)
B-7. (D) B-8. (A) B-9 (C) B-10. (D)
B-11. (D)