A report on 33/11kv,6.

3MVA Summerhill
substation visit on 25th November,2021.

SUBMITTED BY:- SHIVAM KAUSHAL

BRANCH:- EE(3rd YEAR)
ROLL NO.:- 20192610053
SUBMITTED TO:- Dr. NIKITA GUPTA
Substation visit at 33/11kv Summerhill substation.
The department of Electrical Engineering University institute of Technology, HPU
Shimla had organized a substation visit to 33/11kv,6.3MVA substation,
Summerhill on 25th November, 2021.There were total 73 students from 3rd year
(E.E) out of which first 38 were in group 1 and remaining were in group 2 along
with our teacher Dr. Nikita and our respected Director Prof. P. L Sharma. We had
coordinated with the Junior Engineer, substation,Summerhill.At 12:30 we,
reached at Substation, Summerhill. After reaching there, respected JE and their
colleagues received us with a warm welcome. JE sir along with our teacher Dr.
Nikita had explained the working substation in depth. Then we were taken to the
control room. In the control room, every quantity of the substation is
continuously monitored and we observed the real time data of substation on the
panel. JE sir had brought us to battery room & explained its importance in
substation. We had a great technical discussion with JE sir and Dr. Nikita.

•General Information
The Summerhill substation is a 33/11kv ,6.3 MVA substation present near UIT.
Here the power is distributed to different places within about 20km area. Some of
the areas are Summerhill hostels,Chaura Maidan,etc.Here the voltage of 33kv
coming from Totu Substation is step down to 11kv and then distributed to various
loads.

•Objective of Visit
Our main purpose for this visit is to be familiar with substation environment and
to get practical knowledge of electrical power distribution. Being 3rd year
students, we will get to know about basic functioning of power distribution.
Students will also get familiar with Transformer maintenance, circuit breaker,
Transformer isolator, bus bar, Protective relays, Lightening arresters, Current and
voltage Transformer and Battery room.

• EQUIPMENT IN A 33/11KV SUB-STATION

The equipment required for a transformer Sub-Station depends upon the type of
Sub-Station, Service requirement and the degree of protection desired.
33/11KV,6.3 MVA Sub-Station has the following major equipments:

• Isolators
• Circuit breaker
• Protective relay
• Current Transformer
• Voltage Transformer
•Step-Down power Transformer
• Lightening arrestors
•Dropout Fuse
•XLPE cable

•Isolators
In Sub-Station, it is often desired to disconnect a part of the system for general
maintenance and repairs. This is accomplished by an isolating switch or isolator.
An isolator is essentially a knife Switch and is design to often open a circuit under
no load, in other words, isolator Switches are operated only when the line is
which they are connected carry no load. For example, consider that the isolator is
connected on both side of a circuit breaker, if the isolators are to be opened, the
C.B. must be opened first.
 •Isolators
•Circuit Breaker
A circuit breaker is an equipment, which can open or close a circuit under normal
as well as fault condition. These circuit breaker breaks for a fault which can
damage other instrument in the station. It is so designed that it can be operated
manually (or by remote control) under normal conditions and automatically under
fault condition. The use of SF6 circuit breaker is mainly in the substations which
are having high input KV input, say above 220KV and more. The gas is put inside
the circuit breaker by force i.e., under high pressure. When if the gas gets
decreases there is a motor connected to the circuit breaker. The motor starts
operating if the gas went lower than 20.8 bar. There is a meter connected to the
breaker so that it can be manually seen if the gas goes low. The circuit breaker
uses the SF6 gas to reduce the torque produce in it due to any fault in the line.
The circuit breaker has a direct link with the instruments in the station, when any
fault occurs alarm bell rings.
We see three different types of circuit breakers in substation:

1.SF6 circuit breaker.

2.Air circuit breaker.
3. Vacuum circuit breaker.

• SF6 circuit breaker

•Air circuit breaker

 •Vacuum circuit breaker

•Protective relays
A protective relay is a device that detects the fault and initiates the operation of
the C.B. to isolate the defective element from the rest of the system”. The relay
detects the abnormal condition in the electrical circuit by constantly measuring
the electrical quantities, which are different under normal and fault condition.
The electrical quantities which may change under fault condition are voltage,
current, frequency and phase angle. Having detected the fault, the relay operates
to close the trip circuit of CB.
At substation there were overcurrent and earth fault relays present.
 •Relays
•Current Transformer
A current transformer is essentially a step-down transformer which stepdown
the current in a known ratio, the primary of this transformer consists of one or
more turn of thick wire connected in series with the line, the secondary consists
of thick wire connected in series with line having large number of turns of fine
wire and provides for measuring instrument, and relay a current which is a
constant faction of the current in the line. Current transformers are basically used
to take the readings of the currents entering the substation. This transformer
steps down the current from 800 amps to 1amp. This is done because we have no
instrument for measuring of such a large current. The main use of his transformer
is: (a) distance protection (b) backup protection (c) measurement.

•Potential Transformer
 It is essentially a step – down transformer and step down the voltage in known
ratio. The primary of these transformer consist of a large number of turn of fine
wire connected across the line. The secondary way consist of a few turns and
provides for measuring instruments and relay a voltage which is known fraction of
the line voltage.

•Step-Down Power Transformer

There were 2 transformers both of 33/11kv,6.3MVA step-down transformers
connected in parallel.
Transformer is static equipment which converts electrical energy from one
voltage to another. As the system voltage goes up, the techniques to be used for
the Design, Construction, Installation, Operation and Maintenance also become
more and more critical. If proper care is exercised in the installation, maintenance
and condition monitoring of the transformer, it can give the user trouble free
service throughout the expected life of equipment which of the order of 25-35
years. Hence, it is very essential that the personnel associated with the
installation, operation or maintenance of the transformer is through with the
instructions provided by the manufacture diverted around the protected
insulation in most cases to earth.
 •Power Transformer

•Lightning Arrestors
To discharge the switching and lightening voltage surges to earth.
 •lightning arrestors

•Dropout fuse
The dropout (swing out) fuse is an expulsion type and its main function is to
protect Transformers on rural distribution network. It is also particularly
useful for inaccessible Sub-stations where indication of fusing is of
advantage.
 •Dropout fuse

•XPLE Cable
XLPE Insulated Power Cable has enhanced impact strength, tensile
strength, resistance to scratches and brittle fractures. They are made from
high density polyethylene. A higher degree of crosslinking can make the
material brittle and cause stress cracking. Whereas, a lower degree of
crosslinking in XLPE Insulated Cable can lead to poor physical properties.
The maximum conductor temperature rating for these cables is 90 degrees
C and in case of emergency, it is 140 degrees C. The short-circuit rating of
these XLPE Copper Cable is 250 degrees C. Cable XLPE 15 Kv can be
modified to limit the number of byproducts that are generated during the
cross-linking process This is considered to be useful in high voltage and
extra high voltage cables.
 •XLPE cable

•Single Line Diagram(SLD)

 •SLD of 33/11kv Summerhill Substation

•Control and Relay Room

The control room has various control panels which shows the information like
incoming power, outgoing power, frequency, time common to all sub-stations,
status of various lines (healthy, faulted, under outage or maintenance), status of
various protective instruments like isolators, circuit breaker, temperature of
various instruments, working tap of transformer etc.
 •Control and Relay Room

•Battery Room
The DC supply is made with the help of battery bank reserve normally kept in a
separate room called battery room. The batteries used in this sub-station are
Nickel-Cadmium (NI-Cd) batteries. These batteries re-used due to their
advantages like low maintenance, longer life (15-20 years) etc. Batteries at sub-
station: Storage battery system is used in emergency situation for the working of
electrical equipment. To open and close the switch gear. For indication and
control. Emergency lighting Relay and interlocking equipment for working of
alarm circuit.
In substation there were 15 batteries of 2V each i.e a total of 30V.
 •Battery Room
•Conclusion
Now from this report we can conclude that electricity plays an important role in
our life. We are made aware of how the transmission the transmission of
electricity is done. We too came to know about the various parts of the substation
system. The three wings of electrical system viz. generation, transmission and
distribution are connected to each other and that too very perfectly. Thus, for
effective transmission and distribution a substation must:
• Ensure steady state and transient stability
• Effective voltage control
• Prevention of loss of synchronism
• Reliable supply by feeding the network at various points
• Fault analysis improvement in respective field
• Establishment of economic load distribution
 We are very grateful to 33/11kv Summerhill Substation incharge for giving
permission for this visit. Students got an opportunity to know regarding practical
aspects about what they are learning in theory. We hope that such kind of
permission will be given in future also. It was an informative, interesting and a
successful visit.