FUNDUS CAMERA

KOWA

INSTRUCTION MANUAL

EU
KOWA VX-10a
INTRODUCTION
This manual provides a description of the operating procedures of KOWA along with important
precautions to be observed during its use. Please read this entire manual carefully to assure that the instrument
can demonstrate its full capabilities and be used effectively. After you have finished reading it, please keep it in an

INTRODUCTION
easily accessible location near the instrument for future's reference.

Operational considerations for safety

This manual describes important precautions to be observed during its use to assure that the instrument can be
used safely without causing any damage to the human body and property of its purchaser and other persons. The
designations and their pictorial symbols have the following meanings. These should be fully comprehended before
reading the text of this manual.

■ Meanings of markings
Warning
If the instrument should be operated wrongly, there may occur a danger of causing death or serious injury.

Caution
If the instrument should be operated wrongly, there may result an injury to the human body (not so serious as to
cause death though)*1 or damage to property*2.

*1: An injury to the human body means any injury, burn, electrical shock and so forth that will not necessitate
hospitalization or long-term outpatient treatment.
*2: Damage to property means an extensive damage to the house and household goods as well as the domestic
animal and pet.

■ Meanings of symbols

Graphical indication of any danger (including warning and caution). What is warned is explicitly
and pictorially indicated by a picture or its associated message on or near a pictorial symbol.

Graphical indication of prohibited operation (prohibitive item). What is prohibited is explicitly and
pictorially indicated by a picture or it's associated message on or near a pictorial symbol.

Graphical indication of mandatory action (obligatory item). What must always done is explicitly
and pictorially indicated by a picture or it's associated message on or near a pictorial symbol.

■ Kowa is not responsible for:

• Any damage caused by fire, earthquake, third party’s action, any other accident or user’s intentional or
unintentional error, abuse or use under abnormal conditions.
• Any damage resulting from use of the product or its malfunction (e.g. Operating loss, shutdown, change/loss of
stored data and so forth).
• Any damage resulting from disobedience of what is described in the instruction manual.
• Any damage resulting from, for instance, malfunctioning of the instrument caused by a combination of
connected devices.

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Warning
If any abnormal smell or sound, or overheating or smoke should be detected, be sure to turn OFF
power supply immediately and then unplug it from the power outlet. If it should continue in use, a fire
may break out on the instrument resulting in its malfunctioning.
Unplug
Contact your Kowa dealer where you purchased it or your nearest repair shop for inspection.

When replacing the flash tube or observation light bulb, be sure to turn OFF the
INTRODUCTION

main power switch and unplug it from the power outlet, and wait for 30 minutes or
Warning more. Otherwise, there may occur electrical shock.
Unplug High-voltage

When replacing the fuse, be sure to turn OFF the main switch and unplug it from
the power outlet.
Warning If the fuse holder cover is removed with the instrument unplugged, there may
Unplug High-voltage occur electrical shock.

Be sure to properly plug the plug or AC adapter into the power outlet.
Otherwise, there may occur a fire or electrical shock.
Obligatory

Use an accessory or designated fuse.

Otherwise, the instrument may malfunction or a fire may break out.
Obligatory

Make sure that the instrument is properly grounded to protect the human body. Put the plug in the
three-wire grounding socket. Otherwise, there may occur electrical shock.
Obligatory

Install at a location away from, for instance, a cup containing liquid.

If liquid should be spilled into the instrument, there may occur electrical shock. If so, turn OFF the
instrument and then unplug it from the socket. Contact your Kowa dealer where you purchased it or
Prohibitory
your nearest repair shop for inspection.

Do not disassemble, modify or repair the instrument yourself. Otherwise, there may occur a fire,
electrical shock, instrument malfunctioning or the human body may be injured.
Disassembly Contact your Kowa dealer where you purchased the instrument for repair. The product assembled
prohibited by yourself will not get warranty or any other service.

The socket or plug board must not be loaded in excess of its rated capacity.
If the main power cable should share an outlet with many other devices, there may occur a fire or
Prohibitory you may get an electrical shock.

Insertion of any metallic object in air vent slots may cause electrical shock resulting in malfunction,
fire or electrical shock.
Prohibitory

Be sure to use accessory batteries. When replacing them because of their having been in use longer
than a specified useful life, be sure to use specified ones. Because the battery contains flammable
substance such as lithium and organic solvent, there may occur heat build-up, burst or fire.
1. Be sure to observe the following:
• Do not charge, short-circuit, disassemble, deform, heat or put into fire, the battery.
• Do not connect the battery’s (+) and (–) poles by wire. Do not carry or store it closely together
with metal necklace or the like.
• Properly wire either of the battery’s (+) and (–) poles.
Obligatory
• Do not combine new batteries and used or any other types of batteries when in use.
• Do not solder a wire directly on the battery.
2. Before discarding used batteries, apply adhesive tape around their terminals for insulation. If
they jumble up with other metallic objects or batteries, there may result heat build-up, burst or
fire.
3. Be sure to keep batteries off children.

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Caution

Pull off the plug from the power outlet without giving a pull.
Prohibitory

Do not plug or unplug the power cord with wet hand.

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Prohibitory

Do not install the power unit at unstable locations, for instance, on a shaky base or a tilting surface.
Otherwise, if it should drop off or fall over, the human body may be injured.
Prohibitory

Do not replace flash tube and the observation light bulb immediately after its
service.
Warning Otherwise, you may burn your fingers on the hot tube or lamp. Allow 30 minutes or
Prohibitory High-temperature so of cool-off before replacing.

When replacing the camera back, firmly hold by hand and fix it. Otherwise, it may drop off resulting
in a bodily injury.
Obligatory

The power supply must be provided for the sole use of this fundus camera. Sharing one and the
same power supply with other devices may cause a malfunction.
Obligatory

• This camera back uses two lithium batteries CR123A. Be sure to use appropriate batteries.
• Remove the batteries when the camera is expected to be kept unused for a long period of time.
Obligatory • Store batteries in a dry and cool place with no direct sunlight.

When moving up or down the chin-rest to adjust the height of the patient’s eyes, carefully manipulate
the camera while checking the position of the patients’ head. A patient with the smaller head may
Obligatory get his or her head caught between the device components.

Do not increase the amount of observation light more than is required.

Otherwise, the eye may be injured.
Prohibitory

Do not increase the amount of flash level more than is required.

Otherwise, the patient’s eyes may be injured.
Prohibitory

The air vent must not be obstructed. Such obstruction will cause internal temperature to increase
resulting in occurrences of breakdown, malfunction or a fire.
Prohibitory

When batteries are stored, they must not be exposed to direct sunlight, high temperature or high
humidity.
Prohibitory

Keep your fingers off the spaces between sliding base and base’s power housing when operating
the control lever.
Prohibitory There is a fear of your fingers being caught and injured when the sliding base moves.

Keep your hand off the space between the main camera unit and the horizontal arm when tilting the
camera.
Prohibitory There is a fear of your fingers being caught and injured when the main camera unit is tilted.

Keep your fingers off the space between the tilt arm and its sliding area.
There is a fear of your fingers being caught and injured when the tilt's sliding area is moving.
Prohibitory

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Caution
Keep your fingers off the gap between the base’s power housing and the poles of chin-rest unit.
Therefore, instruct the patient not to hold the poles by hand because there is a fear of your fingers
Prohibitory being caught and injured.

Keep your fingers off the gap between the base’s power housing and the horizontal arm.
There is a fear of your fingers being caught and injured. When the horizontal arm is lowered or the
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Prohibitory sliding base is moving.

Be careful about the distance between the objective lens and patient's face.
There is a fear that the end of objective lens may get in touch with the patient’s face (eye, nose, so
Prohibitory forth) and injure it when you bring the camera close to the patient.

Keep your fingers off the space between the ocular and the 35-mm camera back when adjusting
diopter.
Prohibitory There is a fear of your fingers being caught and injured when you rotate the eyepiece.

Do not wipe the exterior of the instrument with solvent such as benzene, alcohol, thinner and ether.
Doing so may cause discoloration or degradation.
Prohibitory

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A A Air vent

D F
C
A G

Air vent
C

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A B E
D
D Air vent
A A Air vent A

A Air vent

Caution
A. Keep your fingers off the spaces between the sliding base and the base’s power housing when
operating the control lever.
Caution There is a fear of your fingers being caught and injured when the sliding base moves.

B. Keep your hand off the space between the main camera unit and the horizontal arm when tilting
the camera.
Caution There is a fear of your fingers being caught and injured when the main camera unit is tilted.

C. Keep your fingers off the space between the tilt arm and its sliding area.
There is a fear of your fingers being caught and injured when the tilt's sliding area is moving.
Caution

D. Keep your fingers off the gap between the base’s power housing and the poles of chin-rest unit.
Therefore, instruct the patient not to hold the poles by hand because there is a fear of your fingers
Caution being caught and injured.

E. Keep your fingers off the gap between the base’s power housing and the horizontal arm.
There is a fear of your fingers being caught and injured when the horizontal arm is lowered or the
Caution sliding base is moving.

F. Be careful about the distance between the objective lens and patient’s face. There is a fear that
the end of objective lens gets in touch with the patient’s face (eye, nose, so forth) and injures it when
Caution you bring the camera close to the patient.

G. Keep your fingers off the space between the optical viewfinder and the 35-mm camera back when
adjusting diopter.
Caution There is a fear of your fingers being caught and injured when you rotate the eyepiece.

Insertion of any metallic object in air vent slots may cause electrical shock resulting in malfunction,
fire or electrical shock.
Caution

The air vent must not be obstructed.

Such obstruction will cause internal temperature to increase resulting in occurrences of breakdown,
Caution malfunction or a fire.

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Indication of caution label

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Warning Warning Caution

Pull the plug of Turn off the power Wait until the lamp
power cable from switch when the or strobo has
Warning wallsocket when Warning lamp or strobo is Caution cooled when the
High-voltage fuses are replaced. High-voltage replaced. High-temperature lamp is replaced.

Emblem list

Warning,Caution :
Type B applied part
See APPENDIX

Warning High-voltage
Alternative Current
(See P7-3,P7-4)

Caution High-temperature
OFF
(See P7-3,P7-4)

Symbol for
ON
"MANUFACTURER"

Symbol for "AUTHORISED

REPRESENTATIVE IN THE
EUROPEAN COMMUNITY"

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 INTRODUCTION

Precautions in operation
● Only qualified personnel should operate this equip- ● Do not turn ON/OFF the main switch in succession.
ment. There should be an interval of 5 seconds or more.
● When handling the fundus camera, pay special ● When plugging or unplugging, turn OFF the main
attention not to give strong shock to it. switch beforehand.
● Install and store the instrument in a place free from ● Do not change the camera back with the main switch
high temperature and humidity, direct sunlight, and ON.

INTRODUCTION
avoid the dusty place. Strictly observe the following en- ● The power line from the power outlet must be exclu-
vironmental conditions: sively connected to the fundus camera.
In operation In Transportation, storage
Precautions on the main camera unit and
Environmental Temperature 10 to 35°C -15 to +55°C
relative systems
Relative Humidity 30 to 90% 10 to 95% ● If any stain, smear or scratch should exist on objective
● When in use, in storage or in transit, care must be used lens, it will appear as a white spot on pictures taken.
to keep the instrument from dewing. Therefore, it is essential to always keep the lens sur-
● Place this fundus camera in room, the luminance of face clean.
which can be lowered as low as about 5 lx (the lumi- ● Do not leave the camera mount open without camera
nance as low as you can scarcely read newspaper). back mounted. In case the camera is expected to be
● To keep the instrument dust-free, use the cover sup- not used for a long period of time, be sure to seal the
plied with it when the camera is not in use. mount with the accessory cap.
● Protect the optical viewfinder barrel and eyepiece tube
Precautions on electric system from strong shocks or forceful pressures.
● In case the KOWA should be used after a ● Set a dial or knob with click(s) to its proper click index.
long ‘unused’ period of time, inspect and check the fol- ● If picture angle selector, filters in the observation light
lowing before starting it: system or dioptric lens for compensating the examined
• The objective lens is neither dusty nor stained. eye should be incorrectly set, pictures taken will result
• The observation light's intensity has not changed. in failures such as vignetting, under-exposure, and so
• The battery (for instance, camera battery) the level of forth.
which stays within service range. ● Securely fix the camera back on the camera mount by
its lever. If not, pictures taken will result in failures such
● Connect the camera with the power outlet properly so
that the plug might not be pulled out accidentally. as displaced or out-of-focus images. At worst, the cam-
But if it should occur, be sure to turn OFF the main era back may drop off and damaged and as a result,
switch before connecting the plug again. you will be obliged to suspend photography.
● If irregularity should occur in the circuit in the power ● Because the main camera unit and camera back are
unit, for instance, when you plug in with the main composed of precision parts, special tools will be
switch ON, “Err 1” will appear on the display and pho- needed for adjustment. Do not attempt to disassemble
tographing will be disabled. In this case, turn OFF the or adjust them by yourself.
main switch and wait for a while. Then turn it ON. If
“Err 1”does not appear on the display, you may resume Disposal Precautions
photography. ● LCD display of this instrument has a fluorescent
● Kowa is not responsible for any failure(s) or damage(s) lamp that contains mercury. When disposing this
caused by improvement, repair or maintenance ren- instrument, applicable federal, state, and local
dered by the third party other than Kowa and its autho- regulations must be observed.
● When disposing, this instrument is categorized
rized agent.
as industrial waste; therefore, the disposal must
● Kowa is not responsible for any failure(s) or damage(s)
be handled by licensed industrial waste disposal
caused by improvement, repair, or maintenance contractor.
rendered using the part(s) other than its designated
one(s).
● The line voltage should be within ±10% of the rated
value.
● Never change the electronic flash intensity when it’s
flashing is on.
● To operate switches on the control panel, first turn ON
the main switch and then wait for about 10 seconds
(until the power unit becomes internally stable).

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 INTRODUCTION

Operational (Safety and Hazard prevention) Considerations for

hospital Grade Electrical Equipment
1. Only qualified personnel should operate this equipment.
2. The following items shall be considered when installing equipment.
(1) Install at a location away from water or accidental splashing.
INTRODUCTION

(2) Install at a location which will not be adversely affected by atmospheric pressure, temperature, humidity, ventilation,
sunlight, dust, air containing salt, sulfur and other substances, and the like.
(3) Take care to guard against tilt, vibration and strong impacts, for instance, during transportation.
(4) Equipment must not be installed at locations where chemicals are stored or gasses are generated.
(5) Be careful with the radio frequencies, voltages and allowable amperes (power consumption) of the power supply.
(6) Make sure that all batteries are installed properly and in good working order (discharging curve, polarity, and so forth).
(7) Properly connect ground wires.
3. The following items shall be considered when using the instrument.
(1) Make sure that equipment activates properly after checking switch contact, polarity, dial setting and meters and so forth.
(2) Make sure that the instrument is properly grounded.
(3) Make sure that all cords are properly connected and secured.
(4) Use of other instruments and appliances on the same power circuit is liable to cause errors and incorrect flash output
resulting in incorrect diagnosis or hazards.
(5) External circuits and connectors that may come in direct contact with the patient must be checked frequently for signs
of wear.
(6) Before operations, make sure that the camera back battery is sufficiently charged.
4. The following items shall be considered when using the instrument.
(1) Be sure to minimize the time and quantity required for diagnosis and treatment.
(2) Always assure that the equipment and patient are in good condition.
(3) When an abnormality is found on the equipment, take proper measures, for instance, to stop the operation of the
instrument while assuring the patient’s safety.
(4) Do not allow the patient to touch any of the instrument controls.
5. The following items shall be considered after using the instrument.
(1) Turn OFF the instrument after setting control switches, dials, and so forth to their initial statuses following with a
specified procedure.
(2) Do not pull cords for removal because an excessive force is exerted on them.
(3) The following shall be considered regarding storage location.
(a) Store the instrument at locations free from splashes of water.
(b) Store at a location which will not be adversely affected by atmospheric pressure, temperature, humidity, ventilation,
sunlight, dust, air containing salt, sulfur and other substances, and the like.
(c) Take care to guard against tilt, vibration and strong impacts, for instance, during transportation.
(d) Equipment must not be stored at locations where chemicals are stored or gasses are generated.
(4) Clean and rearrange accessories, cords, cord restraints and the like.
(5) The instrument must be cleaned prior to use so that there will be no problem when using it again.
(6) In case it is expected to be not used for a long period of time, keep the camera back with batteries unloaded from it.

6. If it has some trouble, a label describing the trouble should be affixed on the instrument and contact a repair
shop for repair.
7. Equipment shall not be modified.
8. Maintenance
(1) Periodically check the equipment and its components for any abnormality.
(2) When using again the equipment that has not been used for a while, it must be checked beforehand to assure that it is
in normal condition and operates safely.

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 INTRODUCTION

● Combination of medical electrical equipment and non-medical electrical equipment

IEC 60601-1-1 “Safety requirements for medical electrical systems” describes the components combination grouped into
various clinical settings. The brief overview of IEC 60601-1-1 is shown below.

Medically used room

Feasible solution
Inside Outside Non-medically
Situation No. (See clause 19 in all
the PATIENT the PATIENT used room
situations)

INTRODUCTION
ENVIRONMENT ENVIRONMENT

1a Items A and B in A B
PATIENT ENVIRONMENT IEC IEC
60601 60601

1b Items A and B in A B For B:Additional

PATIENT ENVIRONMENT IEC IEC protective earth or
1 60601 XXXXX separating transformer

A
1c Item A powerd from IEC 60601 For B:Additional
specified power supply in
item B in PATIENT ENVI-
B protective earth or
IEC XXXXX separating transformer
RONMENT

2a Item A in PATIENT EN- A B

VIRONMENT and item B IEC IEC
in medically used room 60601 60601

A B
2b Item A in PATIENT EN- IEC IEC For B:See 19.201
VIRONMENT and item B 60601 XXXXX and its rationale
in medically used room
Common protective earth

3a Item A in PATIENT
ENVIRONMENT and item A B For B:See 19.201
B in non-medically used
IEC IEC 60601 and its rationale
room 60601 or IEC XXXXX

3
A B
3b Item A in PATIENT
IEC IEC 60601 For B:Additional
ENVIRONMENT and item
B in non-medically used
60601 or IEC XXXXX protective earth or
SEPARATION DEVICE
room Protective earth Protective earth with po-
tential diffence

KEY TO TABLE
• Additional protective earth : In necessary, provide additional protective earthing , which is permanently connected(See also 58.201).
NOTE Equipment modification may be required.
• Separating transformer : If necessary, limit the ENCLOSURE LEAKAGE CURRENT, by using an additional separating
transformer according to annex EEE.
NOTE1 No equipment modification is required.
NOTE2 A separating transformer is a transformer with one or more input winding(s) separated from the output winding(s) by at
least basic insulation [IEC 60989]
• SEPARATION DEVICE : If necessary, apply SEPARATION DEVICE.
• IEC 60601 : MEDICAL ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT in compliance with IEC 60601.
• IEC XXXXX : Non medical equipment in compliance with relevant IEC safety standards.

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Precautions: Use of Medical Electrical System

Precautions for System installation

● All components of this medical electrical system may be installed within a limited patient environment (a radius of 1.5 m
around a patient) when all components are installed in accordance with the installation instructions using “Multi-tap with
Isolation Transformer”, one of the system components.
● Prerequisite for installing other components (a PC, printer, video capture printer, video monitor, or other devices) which
INTRODUCTION

do not comply with IEC60601-1 along with this system is that the electric power to the components is supplied from
“Multi-tap with Isolation Transformer”. The electric power to these components supplied from an electric source other
than Multi-tap with Isolation Transformer (e.g., directly from wall outlets) may cause increased enclosure leakage current
or potential difference between protective grounds, resulting in the injury to the patient or operator. Please use the Multi-
tap with Isolation Transformer only for supplying the power to the components other than the system components.
● Any medical electrical equipment that is connected to this system to compose a medical system must comply with
IEC60601-1.
● Any non-medical electrical equipment that is connected to this system to compose a medical system must comply with
safety standards of IEC or ISO provisions applicable to such a non-medical electrical equipment.
● Do not use any additional multi-tap receptacle or extension power cable other than those specified to this system by
KOWA.
● Power supply to this system or “Multi-tap with Isolation Transformer” must be provided individually. (Do not route the
power supply through other multi-tap receptacle to the system or “Multi-tap with Isolation Transformer”.)
● The power cable for an electrical device that compose a medical system must have durability that meets IEC60245/
IEC60227 or higher standards.
● Assure that the power supply is turned off when connecting an electrical device to the system.
● Do not turn on the power supply until all devices are completely connected.
● Do not place or install the devices and the system components on the unstable or inclined table.

Precautions for “Multi-tap with Isolation Transformer”

● Do not place “Multi-tap with Isolation Transformer” directly on the floor. Water droplets during room cleaning may enter
the multi-tap resulting in the component failure.
● The power supply cable to “Multi-tap with Isolation Transformer” must be connected to a power receptacle with a
protective ground terminal.
● When using “Multi-tap with Isolation Transformer” with a protective ground terminal, read the instruction for use attached
to the “Multi-tap” receptacle to familiarize yourself with the correct use before using it.

Daily Maintenance and Cleaning

1. System components
● Wipe the soiled outer surface with soft cloth from which water was firmly squeezed off. Do not wipe the exterior of
the system components with chemicals or solvents such as thinner and benzene. (Because LCD monitor screen
covers easily get scratched, lightly wipe with soft cloth such as gauze.)
● Refer to the instruction for use provided with each device for details of device maintenance and cleaning.

2. Power cables, connecting cables, and connectors

● Visually verify that all cables have no flaw or damage.
● Visually verify that earth leads of all components and protective ground terminals are securely connected.
● Disconnect the power cables from the power supply receptacles when you do not use the system for a long period of
time.

3. Others
● When you add a PC to the system for a filing purpose, captured images are stored in the hard disk drive of the PC.
Back up the data stored in the hard disk drive regularly since hard disk drives may have a mechanical or electrical
failure.

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ACCESSORIES

Dust cover: 1 pc. Instruction manual: 1 Attached document: 1 Quick manual: 1

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External fixation lamp:
Hexagon wrench:2 pcs. Pin: 2 pcs. Chin-rest paper: 1 set
1 pc.

Fuse: 2 pcs. Observation lamp: 1 pc. Blower: 1 pc. Detach tool: 1 pc.

Internal fixation target

Grip (option) Data card: (option)
(option)

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INTRODUCTION

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KOWA

Summary of equipment

INTRODUCTION
1

Preparatory procedure 2

Basic photography 3

Other practical photography 4

Handy features 5

Troubleshooting 6

Daily inspection 7

Specifications 8

Technical references 9

Photochemical Hazard
(ISO 15004) 10

Electromagnetic Compatibility
(IEC60601-1-2) 11

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 INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................... P0-1
Operational considerations for safety..................................................................................... P0-1
Indication of caution label....................................................................................................... P0-6
Precautions in operation......................................................................................................... P0-7
1 Operational (Safety and Hazard prevention)
Considerations for hospital Grade Electrical Equipment........................................................ P0-8
Precautions: Use of Medical Electrical System.................................................................... P0-10
2 ACCESSORIES....................................................................................................................P0-11

1. Summary of equipment.................... P1-1 5. Handy features................................. P5-1

1-1 Purpose of use and effectiveness................. P1-1 5-1 LCD monitoring mode
3 (“mydriatic color” and “mydriatic fluorescein”)........ P5-1
1-2 General information.......................................P1-1
5-2 External image input display function............. P5-2
1-3 Features........................................................P1-1
5-3 Changing initial settings..................................P5-3
1-4 System configuration.....................................P1-1
4
1-5 Name and function of each part.................... P1-2
6. Troubleshooting................................ P6-1

2. Preparatory procedure...................... P2-1

5 2-1 Installing..........................................................P2-1
7. Daily inspection................................ P7-1
7-1 Daily inspection...............................................P7-1
2-2 Connecting to external device........................ P2-1
7-2 Inspecting/cleaning the objective lens............ P7-2
2-3 Preparatory procedure of fundus camera....... P2-1
7-3 Replacing observation light bulb..................... P7-3
6 2-4 Loading 35-mm camera back’s batteries........ P2-2
7-4 Disinfect..........................................................P7-4
2-5 Mounting 35-mm camera back....................... P2-3
7-5 Replacing with new flash lamp....................... P7-4
2-6 Replacing with new 35-mm film...................... P2-3
7-6 Replacing with new fuse.................................P7-5
7 2-7 Types of available films................................... P2-4
7-7 Fitting chin-rest paper.....................................P7-5
2-8 Preparatory procedure of the examined eye....... P2-4
7-8 Replenishing consumables............................. P7-5

7-9 Periodical Inspection.......................................P7-5

8 3. Basic photography............................ P3-1
7-10 Repairing the Instrument................................ P7-5
3-1 Operation procedure flowchart....................... P3-1

3-2 Non-mydriatic photography............................. P3-2

3-3 Mydriatic color photography............................ P3-6

8. Specifications................................... P8-1
9
3-4 Mydriatic fluorescein angiography................ P3-10
9. Technical references......................... P9-1

10 4. Other practical photography............. P4-1

4-1 Photography of enlarged image...................... P4-1
10. Photochemical Hazard
4-2 Small pupil photography ....................................P4-1
(ISO 15004).................................. P10-1
4-3 Red-free photography (mydriatic color mode)..... P4-2
11 11. Electromagnetic Compatibility
4-4 Photography of data card............................... P4-3

4-5 Blue Eye switch..............................................P4-3

(IEC60601-1-2)..............................P11-1

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1-1 Purpose of use and effectiveness
KOWA is intended for taking pictures of fundus images with mydriatic or without mydriatic.

1-2 General information

This equipment is a fundus camera which is capable of mydriatic and non-mydriatic photography with two angles of 1
view: 50° and 30° (45° and 27° for non-mydriatic photography). You can record photographic data with 35-mm film,
video and so forth.

Summary of equipment
1-3 Features
1) A single operation of the instrument allows you to select non-mydriatic color, mydriatic color, or mydriatic
fluorescent photography.
2) Design for small size, lightweight and power-saving taking into account the service environment of equipment.
3) Automatic exposure system which can be automatically linked with a camera in use.
4) Wide-range flash of 0.6WS to 300 WS (19 steps) for fully handling film/digital image recordings.
5) Switch at hand which enables automatic insertion of exciter filter and barrier filter.
6) Switch at hand which enables switching to diopter lens for compensating the examined eye.
7) Working distance guiding function and focus detecting function, enabling flare-less, sharp pictures to be taken.
8) Small pupil mode to cope with insufficient pupil’s diameter in mydriatic photography (not for non-mydriatic pho-
tography).
9) LCDmonitoring mode for readily enabling mydriatic photography without an attempt to look through a finder
(switch to infrared illumination).
10) Digital camera can be connected if combined with a filing device.
11) Easy-to-see panel display which will indicate only available switches in each mode.

1-4 System configuration

Video camera connecting

adapter (option)
External fixation lamp

Main camera unit

35-mm camera back

Base/ power unit

P1-1
 1. Summary of equipment

1-5 Name and function of each part

E
5

6
1 2 1

F
Summary of equipment

H J
7
K
G

4
9 8
3 I
0
A

BC D

1 Objective lens 7 Lower camera back mount (35-mm mount)

A large aspherical lens with protective lens cap Special mount for fixing 35-mm camera back.
for keeping lens surface from dirt and dust. Cordless connection provided of the back to the
2 Focusing knobs main camera unit.
Knobs located on both sides of main camera 8 Cap for electronic flash compartment
unit for fine focusing adjustment. Upon removal of this cap, a red-marked base
3 F.D. switch will be exposed. A simple press on the base will
Used to switch ON/OFF the luminous lines of cause the flash tube to be released. Before re-
focus detection aid (available in mydriatic mode placement, be sure to turn off the power switch.
only). 9 Shutter button
4 W.D. switch Pressing this button causes the electronic flash
Used to turn ON/OFF the detecting luminous to energize and shooting is complete.
dots for camera alignment (available in mydri- 0 Control lever
atic mode only). A stick lever for moving the main camera unit
5 Upper camera back mount (video mount) both laterally and longitudinally so that the inci-
Special mount for fixing video camera adapter. dent light can enter the examined eye properly.
6 Optical viewfinder(eyepiece) A Camera height adjusting handle
Adjustable to the photographer's eye dioptric Handle for moving main camera unit vertically
power in a range of -8D to +5D (a double-cross so that the incident light can enter the examined
reticle is incorporated for focusing). eye properly.
Because fundus image must be brought to the B Power switch
focus point of optical viewfinder, the photogra- l : ON O : OFF
pher must adjust the optical viewfinder to his or C Fuse holder
her eye previously beforehand.

P1-2
 1. Summary of equipment

Summary of equipment
D Power cord L Picture angle knob
The shape of the plug varies according to the Used to select a picture angle of either 50° or
input voltage. 30° (45° or 27° for non- mydriatic photography).
E External eye fixation lamp M Data card slot
Used to guide the examined eye's fixation to An insertion slot for written data card to be in-
desired direction. serted.
F Forehead-rest N Filter inserting slot
Used to rest and fix the patient's forehead Used for inserting optional green filter after re-
against it. moving the protective rubber cap.
G Chin-rest O Light housing cover fixing screws
Used to rest and fix the patient's chin on it. Upon removal of this cover and inner cover,
H Head fixation band observation bulb and flash bulb will be exposed
Used to secure patient's head in case his or her allowing replacement.
face is likely to move (e.g. child patient). Be sure to turn off the power switch before re-
I Chin-rest handle placement.
Used to raise/lower the chin-rest. P Liquid crystal monitor (LCD)
J Eye level mark In non-mydriatic mode,the examined eye is con-
The vertical position of examined eye must be tinuously observed on this monitor so that the
aligned with this mark. fundus camera can be properly guided.
K Fitting part of internal fixation target This monitor can also be used to check the im-
ages photographed.
Fit internal fixation target (optional) at its mount.

P1-3
 1. Summary of equipment

1
Summary of equipment

Q Horizontal lock lever Y Flash intensity knob

Upon operation of this lever, the rotating arm will Used to adjust flash intensity level.
be locked. Z Working camera back indicator
R Tilting handle This indicator comes on indicating which cam-
By turning this handle, the main camera unit will era back of upper or lower ones is in work,
be tilted vertically. linking with the camera back select switch.
S Lock handle When camera back is not loaded on a selected
By turning this handle, the tilting handle will be camera back mount, the indicator will come off.
locked. When film is not loaded on the camera back, it
T Lock lever will flash.
Upon operation of this lever, the base will be [ Camera back select switch
locked. Used to select the optical paths, upper (35-mm)
U Display screen or lower(Electronic images).
Timer's count is indicated increasing 0.1 second \ Mydriatic fluorescein angiography select
at a time on the screen with 5 digits. switch
When timer is not in work, flash intensity and Used to select Mydriatic fluorescein angiogra-
error will be indicated. phy mode.
V Observation lamp indicating lamp ] Mydriatic color switch
The lamp will indicate a reading of observation Used to switch the system to mydriatic color
lamp intensity. photography mode.
W Flash intensity compensation indicating lamp
This lamp indicates flash intensity compensa-
tion.
X Observation light intensity control knob
Used to adjust observation light intensity.

P1-4
 1. Summary of equipment

Summary of equipment
^ Non-mydriatic switch e S.P. switch
Used to switch the system to non-mydriatic Used to switch the system to small pupil pho-
color photography. tography in mydriatic fluorescein mode.
a Fluorescein Angiography filter switch f LCD monitoring switch
Used to insert or remove fluorescein filter in Used to switch the observation system from a
mydriatic fluorescein angiography mode. finder to LCD monitoring.
b Timer switch g Monitor select switch
Used to start or stop the timer in mydriatic fluo- Used to switch the images shown on the LCD
rescein mode. monitor between the internal CCD images and
c Diopter lens switch the images from an external input.
Used to insert diopter lens for compensating the h Blue Eye switch
examined eye. Used to adjust the intensity which is suitable for
Although the examined eye's bias is indicated blue eyes.
as plus (+), zero (0) or minus (-), it is not intend- i Anterior chamber select switch
ed to compensate flash intensity. Used to insert or remove dioptric lens for ante-
d Fixation lamp switch rior chamber observation.
Used to select a desired type of fixation lamp in
non-mydriatic mode.

P1-5
 Make sure the power is OFF.
2-1 Installing
1) Assemble the fundus camera main camera unit and power unit/base in accor-
dance with a separate Assembly Manual.
2) Mount the fundus camera on motorized table (option).
3) Make sure that the power switch is OFF ( -marked side) on the power unit and
base.
4) Insert power cord’s three-wire grounding plug of the power unit/base into the
power outlet.
2
Caution
Preparatory

The power line from the power outlet must be exclusively connected to the fundus camera. If the
camera should share the same power outlet with any other external device, its malfunction may
Obligatory result.

Warning
Make sure that the instrument is properly grounded to protect the human body. Put the plug in
the three-wire grounding socket. Otherwise, there is a fear of electrical shock.
Obligatory

Location of input connector

2-2 Connecting to external device
KOWA is equipped with synchronization connecting cable and external
image input terminal connectable to external device when video camera is in use.
When the video camera is in use, connect the external device to the fundus camera
by designated synchronization cable. When image output from the external device
is entered into the fundus camera’s image input (composite terminal), pictures taken
can be checked on the LCD of the main camera unit.

• When you use a peripheral device and/or other device connected to the peripheral device, it must meet all
applicable EN(IEC) standards.
• Data processing device must meet EN60601-1(IEC60601-1) or IEC60950. The system that combines such
data processing device must meet EN60601-1-1(IEC60601-1-1). The system administrator who builds such
system bears all responsibility to have the system comply with requirement of EN60601-1-1(IEC60601-1-1).
Should you have any question, contact Kowa sales representative or dealership.

2-3 Preparatory procedure of fundus camera

1) Remove the objective lens cap. 3) Flash 0
2) Turn ON (|-marked side) the power switch.
3) Set the flash intensity knob to zero (0).
(Check the indicating lamp on the upper portion of switch.)
4) Set the observation light intensity control knob at a mark of
10 o’clock (“K” as in Kowa). 4) Lamp:
pointing to
5) Make sure the picture angle knob is set at 50°. a mark of
6) Check the objective lens has no dirt. For checking/cleaning method, 10 o’clock

see “7. Maintenance / Inspection.”

P2-1
 2. Preparatory procedure

2-4 Loading 35-mm camera back’s batteries

1) Press the battery cover in the direction marked “▲” and open the battery cover.
2) Load new batteries.
3) For checking the remaining battery charge level, keep pressing the battery check button with the power switch
being turned OFF, provided that a film is not being loaded. “H” for high level or “L” for low level will appear on
the film counter. If “L” appears, load new batteries at this moment.

1) Open the cover. 2) Load batteries. 3) Check for remaining charge level.

Preparatory
• A winding film without mounting to the main camera unit shortens a life of batteries.
• If film is wound being mounted the main camera unit, its useful life is one year and a half.

Caution
• This camera back uses two lithium batteries CR123A. Be sure to use proper ones.
• If the camera back is not expected to be used for a long period of time, keep the batteries
unloaded from it.
Obligatory • Store batteries in a place where they can be protected from direct sunlight, high temperature
and high humidity.

Warning

Be sure to use accessory batteries. When replacing them by the new because their use is in
excess of a specified useful life, be sure to use designated ones. Because the battery contains
flammable substance such as lithium and organic solvent, there may occur heat build-up, burst
or fire.
1. Be sure to observe the following:
• Do not charge, short-circuit, disassemble, deform, heat or put into fire the battery.
• Do not connect the battery’s (+) and (–) poles by wire. Do not carry or store it closely together
with metal necklace or the like.
Obligatory • Properly connect its (+) and (–) poles.
• Do not combine new batteries and used batteries or any other types of batteries when in use.
• Do not solder a wire directly onto the battery.
2. Before discarding the used batteries, apply adhesive tape around their terminals for insulation.
If they should jumble up with other metallic objects or batteries, heat build-up, burst or fire
may result.
3. Be sure to keep batteries off children.

P2-2
 2. Preparatory procedure

2-5 Mounting 35-mm camera back 1) To mount/ turn the handle downward

1) Mount the camera back with the limit pin facing upward on the main camera
unit’s 35mm mount and fix it by turning the handle downward.
2) To dismount it, turn the handle upward.

Warning
When replacing the camera back, fix it while firmly holding it by
hand. Otherwise, it may drop off resulting in a bodily injury.
Obligatory

2) To dismount/ turn the handle upward

2
Preparatory

2-6 Replacing with new 35-mm film

1) Open the rear cover by pressing down the lock lever on the left-hand side.
2) Press in a new roll of film (in Patrone) as far as you hear a click. 3) Engage the film perforations
3) Pull out the film lead toward the wind-up side as far as it comes to a red line.
Make sure the perforations on both film sides engage with sprocket teeth. Then
close the rear cover.
4) When the rear cover is closed, the film will be automatically wound up as far as
the first frame is ready. Make sure that frame count display indicates “01.”
5) After a desired number of frames have been exposed, press the rewind button.
After rewinding is complete, open the rear cover and take out the roll of film.

4) Check the frame count display

• The number on frame count display will disappear in four seconds for power
saving. You may check it by pressing the battery check button.
• If the rear cover should be opened with the exposed film unwound, the
exposed film will be ruined under light. Be sure to check the display of a film
count before opening the rear cover.
• If “Er” appears or “00” does not come off on the film count display, it suggests
that the film is incorrectly loaded. Follow the film loading procedure all over
5) The rewind button
again.
• When the film is exposed up to the last frame, an alarm sound will buzz and
rewinding will be done automatically.

P2-3
 2. Preparatory procedure

2-7 Types of available films

Recommended 35-mm camera back films
Photography mode Type of film Film speed Development
Color photography Reversal film Color ISO100 Standard

Negative film B&W ISO400 3 X development

Fluorescein angiography
Negative film B&W ISO1600 Standard

Negative film B&W ISO400 3 X development

Red-free photography
Negative film B&W ISO1600 Standard
2

Preparatory
• Do not use other than designated films to avoid improperly exposed photographs.

2-8 Preparatory procedure of the examined eye

1) In case of mydriatic photography, apply mydriatic eye drops to the examined eye. After it dilates fully, guide the
patient to the fundus camera. In case of non-mydriatic photography, take the patient to a dark room and let the
examined eye dilate spontaneously.
2) Make sure that the pupil is sufficiently open.
Sufficient diameter of the pupil is 5.5 mm or more in mydriatic mode, 4.0 mm or more in small pupil mode and 4.0
mm or more in non-mydriatic mode.

Mydriatic photography Small pupil or non-mydriatic

is enabled if 5.5 mm or photography is enabled if
more in diameter. 4.0 mm in diameter.

3) Fixing the patient

3) Fixing the patient
1 Instruct the patient whose eyes is dilated sufficiently, to be seated in front
of the fundus camera.
2 Adjust the height of motorized table to let the chin on the chin-rest and the
forehead on the Forehead-rest in a natural posture.
3 Adjust the chin-rest height by chin-rest handle.
4 Set the examined eye at the eye level mark.

• When using mydriatic eye drops, be sure to follow the instruction of the eye drops.

P2-4
 2. Preparatory procedure

Warning
Carefully operate the fundus camera so that the camera will not get in touch with the patient’s
face (eye, nose, so forth).
Prohibitory

Caution
In operating the fundus camera, keep your fingers off the spaces or gaps between (1) the base
and power unit, (2) the main camera unit and horizontal arm, (3) tilt arm and tilt moving portion,
(4) the power unit and chin-rest support, (5) the power unit and horizontal arm, and (6) the objec-
Prohibitory tive lens and the patient’s face. Otherwise, your fingers may be caught and injured. Instruct the
2 patient not to place his or her hand on the fundus camera.
Preparatory

Caution
Carefully adjust the height of the examined eye by moving the chin-rest vertically while looking at
the patient’s face. There is a fear that too small a face may be caught.
Obligatory

P2-5
3-1 Operation procedure flowchart

Select a desired photography mode by switch.

Non-mydriatic Mydriatic color Mydriatic fluorescein

Optical viewfinder adjustment

Select photographic optical path and check the number of unexposed frames.

Check the pupil

diameter.
Check the pupil dilation. 3-1

Basic photography
Flash intensity compensation

Examined eye dioptric compensation

(In case the examined eye diopter is minus (-) 12D or less or plus (+) 13D or more)

Examined eye height positioning (alignment)

Focusing adjustment

Timer start
Fluorescein injection

F.A.filter insertion

Photography

Photography by this instrument is classified into non-mydriatic/mydriatic color, mydriatic fluorescein photography. It
is recommendable to grasp a rough operations’ flow along the purpose of each photography. If malfunction should
occur on this equipment, an alarm will buzz.

Besides this classification of photography, also available are photography of enlarged image, small pupil, LCDmoni-
toring and infrared photography (when optional filter is mounted). It is also possible to record hand-written data into
35-mm film. For more information about the method, see items of “4 Other practical photography” described below.

• It takes about three seconds to switch to a desired photography mode.

Do not photograph immediately after switching to a desired mode to avoid an improper picture image. Therefore,
wait at least three seconds before starting photography.

P3-1
 3. Basic photography

3-2 Non-mydriatic photography

This paragraph describes the method of non-mydriatic fundus photography. To let the examined eye dilate sponta-
neously, reduce room’s luminance as low as you can scarcely read newspaper.

1) Selecting “Non-mydriatic” on the mode select switch on the right-hand panel.

2) Selecting a desired photography optical path by camera select switch on the left-hand panel.
3) Checking the remaining number of film on the camera back of selected optical path.
In case of electronic image, check the peripheral devices are ready.

3) Check for the remaining number

1) Non-mydriatic switch 2) Selection of optical path of film

3-2
Non-mydriatic photography

4) Selecting a desired fixation lamp by fixation lamp switch.

1 Internal fixation lamp-posterior pole photography : General photography capable of photographing the
whole posterior pole.
2 Internal fixation lamp-central optic disk : Used when photographing around central optic disk.
3 External fixation lamp : Used when intended to fixate peripherals and arbi-
trary points.

4) Selection of fixation target 4) – 1 Posterior pole 4) – 2 Optic disk 4) – 3 Peripherals

P3-2
 3-2. Non-mydriatic photography

5) Checking the pupil’s diameter.

1 Insert dioptric lens for anterior chamber by Anterior chamber select switch.
2 Pull the fundus camera toward you as closely as the anterior area of the eye is almost seen.
3 For adjustment, move the fundus camera backward and forward to align the periphery of the patient’s iris
to the monitor’s vertical line.
4 Check the pupil for diameter.
5 After checking the pupil’s diameter, remove diopter lens for anterior chamber by Anterior chamber select
switch.

5) – 1 Anterior chamber select

switch. 5) – 2 Pull the base toward you. 5) – 3 Set the position. 5) – 4 Check pupil’s diameter.

FA Color

3-2
Blue
Eye

Non-mydriatic photography
Check the examined eye’s pupil for dilation and correct the flash intensity.

Pupil’s slightly Pupil’s insufficiently

Pupil sufficiently dilated insufficiently dilated dilated
Sufficient dilation Slightly insufficient dilation Insufficient dilation

Correct the flash intensity Insufficiently dilated. Pho-

Photography enabled at in a range of +1 to +3 be- tography with uniform ex-
flash intensity of 0 fore starting photography. posure disabled

• If the pupil is insufficiently dilated, take longer time to acclimate the examined eye to darkness and let it
dilate spontaneously.
• If the pupil is still insufficiently dilated even by the above method, switch to mydriatic photography mode.
• The above conditions may not be applicable to some patients.

P3-3
 3. Basic photography

6) Compensating the examined eye’s diopter.

Insert diopter lens by diopter lens switch.
Examined eye’s diopter –12D to +13D : Diopter lens unnecessary.
–10D to –32D : Insert minus (–) diopter lens.
+10D to +35D : Insert plus (+) diopter lens.
7) Setting the examined eye’s position.
Adjust positioning of the fundus camera such that the luminous spots for alignment can be positioned as illus-
trated in the drawing, by moving the base longitudinally, laterally and vertically. Adjust the direction of vertical
and lateral movements such that luminous spots can come in the center of line. Align the direction of longitudi-
nal movement with a point where the luminous spot is the smallest.

Luminous spots in for detecting

6) Diopter lens switch 7) Alignment (positioning) alignment

FA Color

3-2
Non-mydriatic photography

Blue
Eye

8) Adjusting focus.
Adjust the positions of luminous lines for focusing detection by turning the focusing knob such that they are ar-
ranged in a straight line.

8) Adjusting focus Luminous lines for focusing detection

Luminous lines for Adjust lines to be arranged

focusing detection in a straight line

9) Press the Shutter button for photographing. The film will be advanced automatically.
In case of electronic images, images to be taken will be displayed on the monitor.

9) Shutter button

P3-4
 3-2. Non-mydriatic photography

n Flash intensity.
n Flash intensity knob / display
Exposure can be automatically adjusted to have a standard intensity for each
photography. But it is expected that excess or deficiency in exposure caused
by the difference in dilation, color of iris, etc. will cause some deviation from
the standard state. In case excess or deficiency in exposure should be
expected, correct the exposure by the flash intensity knob. On the display on
the panel, a currently set value of exposure will be indicated as a standard. If
stage 1 is selected of the flash intensity compensation switch, the intensity of
exposure will change by 1/2 EV.

n Location of liquid crystal monitor.

If the monitor should be hard to watch, adjust its location so that it comes in n Location of liquid crystal monitor

front of your line of sight. 3-2

Non-mydriatic photography
n Working camera back indicator.
n Camera change-over indicat-
Operations of the indicating lamp show the following: ing lamp

Camera selected Display Description

DOFF Camera back not mounted

“ d ”
35-mm camera Film not loaded
FLASH
dON Photography enabled

COFF Connecting adapter not fitted

Electronic image
cON Photography enabled

• 35-mm camera back.

Photography with 35-mm film in non-mydriatic mode will produce flare around the picture taken.
• Panel display.
On the panel display, only available switches in a selected switch will be displayed to prevent likely
malfunctioning in a dark room.
Note that the switch on the display, which is OFF, will not be available in the selected mode.
• Non-mydriatic photography of peripherals is liable to produce flare around the picture.

P3-5
 3. Basic photography

3-3 Mydriatic color photography

This paragraph describes a method of mydriatic color fundus photography. Reduce the room’s luminance as low as
you can scarcely read newspaper.

1) Select “Color” by the mode select switch on the right-hand panel.

2) Adjust optical viewfinder diopter.
Turn the optical viewfinder to a full range of plus (+) side. Then
slowly turn it clockwise while looking into the viewfinder and
stop it when the double line comes clearly in sight. If the diop-
ter is incorrect, the result is that the picture will be out of focus.
If you wear glasses, look into the view finder with its rubber
adapter turned up. Incorrect diopter Correct diopter

Finder rubber adapter

1) Mydriatic color switch 2) Diopter adjustment (when you wear glasses)

3-3
FA Color
Mydriatic color photography

Blue
Eye

3) Select a desired photography optical path by the camera back select switch on the left-hand panel.
4) Check the remaining film level in the back of the selected optical path.
In case of electronic images, check if the peripheral devices are ready.
5) Check the state of dilation.
Make sure that the pupil is sufficiently dilated. If not, see the paragraph “4-2 Small pupil photography ( “Mydriatic
color” and “FA” mode)”.

3) Selection of optical path 4) Check the film. 5) Check the state of dilation.

Photography when 5.5 mm or

more in diameter

5.5 mm or less
“4.2 Small pupil photography”

P3-6
 3-3. Mydriatic color photography

6) Compensating the examined eye’s diopter.

Insert diopter lens by diopter lens switch.
Examined eye’s diopter –12D to +13D : Diopter lens unnecessary.
–10D to –32D : Insert minus (–) diopter lens.
+10D to +35D : Insert plus (+) diopter lens.
7) Setting the examined eye’s position.
Adjust positioning of the fundus camera such that the luminous spots for alignment can be positioned as illus-
trated in the drawing, by operating the control lever. See the point in the paragraph in the next page “n How to
guide the observation light to the examined eye in mydriatic photography.”

Luminous spots for detecting

6) Diopter lens switch 7) Alignment (positioning) alignment

FA Color

3-3

Mydriatic color photography

Blue
Eye

8) Adjusting the position of external fixation lamp.

Adjust the position of external fixation lamp such that it comes in a position as illustrated in the drawing. Poste-
rior pole photography is enabled in this state.
9) Guiding the line of sight of the examined eye.
Instruct the patient to fixate the flashing tip of the fixation lamp with his or her eye (not to be examined). Guide
his or her line of sight to the location of fundus to be photographed while slowly moving the external fixation
lamp.

Position of fixation lamp for photogra 9) Example of guiding the patient's

8) External fixation lamp phing the posterior pole line of sight

When photographing
upward, direct the fixa-
tion lamp upward.

When photographing
downward, direct the
When When fixation lamp downward.
photographing photographing
the right eye the left eye

P3-7
 3. Basic photography

10) Adjusting the focus.

Turn the focusing knob such that luminous lines for focusing detection can be arranged in a straight line as il-
lustrated in the drawings.

10) Adjust the focusing Luminous lines for focusing detection

Luminous lines for focusing Arrange them in a straight line.

detection

11) Press the Shutter button to photograph. The film will be automatically advanced.
3-3 In case of electronic images, photographed images will be displayed on the monitor.

11) Shutter button

Mydriatic color photography

n How to guide the observation light to the examined eye in mydriatic photography.
In fundus photography, it is necessary to guide necessary exposure which comes to the fundus through the
pupil. Therefore, the camera position that will satisfy this lighting condition to the examined eye is very re-
stricted. Flashlight travels on the same path as observation light. So if you can observe the fundus under a
uniform illumination without flare and reflections (correct camera position for incidence), you are sure to get
good fundus photographs.

a) While looking into the cornea of the examined eye from the side of objective lens, move the base lon-
gitudinally and laterally with the control lever upright such that a rough image of illumination ring-slit
focused on the cornea of the examined eye can be obtained.
b) Adjust vertical positioning of the camera by turning the camera height adjusting ring.
c) Then while looking into the viewfinder, adjust alignment, guide the observation light into the fundus.

a) b) c)

P3-8
 3-3. Mydriatic color photography

n Observation through the ocular lens

Perform fine adjustment while looking into the ocular. For better photography, be careful about the following:
Photograph Quality of view Recommended remedy

White reflection at top Camera positioned too high.

Camera positioned too low.

White reflection at bottom Eyelid of examined eye overhanging.
Instruct the patient to open the eyes.

Eyelash of examined eye overhanging. Or

Circular or line-shaped blur in white
the objective lens is not clean. 3-3

Mydriatic color photography

White reflection at left Camera positioned too leftward.

White reflection at right Camera positioned too rightward.

White flare in peripheral Camera too close to examined eye.

Shadow in peripheral Camera too far from examined eye.

Shadow in locals Examined eye insufficiently dilated.

• Too much tear wetting on the cornea of

examined eye, or the cornea is too dry.
Instruct the patient to blink a couple of
Out of focus in general despite fine times.
focusing • Incorrect optical viewfinder diopter.
Correct the optical viewfinder diopter
or use luminous spots for focusing
detection.

• Do not increase the amount of observation light and the amount of light for exposure more than required.
Otherwise, pain and/or injury may be inflicted on the patient.
• Be sure to use correct optical viewfinder diopter. If the diopter is incorrect, pictures will become out of focus.

P3-9
 3. Basic photography

3-4 Mydriatic fluorescein angiography

This paragraph describes a method of mydriatic fundus fluorescein angiography. Reduce room’s luminance as low
as you can scarcely read newspaper.

Items 2) through 10) are the same with those of “3-3 Mydriatic color photography.” For more information, see the
items of “3-3 Mydriatic color photography”.
1) Select mydriatic fluorescein by the mode select switch on the panel.
2) Adjust the optical viewfinder diopter.
3) Select a desired photography optical path by the camera select switch on the left-hand panel.
4) Check the remaining film level in the back of the selected optical path.
5) Check the diameter of pupil.
6) Compensate the examined eye’s diopter.
7) Adjust positioning of the examined eye.
8) Adjust the position of external fixation lamp.
9) Guide the patient’s line of sight.
10) Adjust the focusing.
3-4
Next, proceed to the procedure necessary for fluorescein angiography only.
A blue exciter filter is inserted automatically when “F.A.” is selected by the mode select switch in Step 1) above.
Mydriatic fluorescein angiography

11) Fluorescein injection and timer start.

Simultaneously with fluorescein injection into the vein, press the timer switch and measure the amount of time
by the timer.
The timer will indicate the amount of time in a 5-digit number increasing 0.1 second at a time. At the same time
with photographing, timer counts are recorded on the left-hand side of image on each frame of 35-mm film. If a
filing device is in use, timer counts are simultaneously recorded.
12) Inserting barrier filter.
Insert the barrier filter in the photography optical path by pressing “F.A. Filter” switch.
13) Press the shutter button to photograph.
Perform fine adjustment of focusing and aligning and then press the shutter button.
The film will be advanced automatically.

11) Timer start 12) Inserting F.A.Filter 13) Shutter button

FA Color FA Color

Blue Blue
Eye Eye

• When injecting fluorescein, be sure to follow the instruction of fluorescein.

P3-10
 3-4. Mydriatic fluorescein angiography

n Fluorescein angiography at the rate of one frame per second. n 1 frame per second photography
In case of consecutively photographing at an interval of 1 second, keep
pressing the shutter button.
But some backs may not support such photography.

n Automatic insertion of exciter filter. n Automatic insertion of exciter filter

Upon pressing mydriatic fluorescein select switch, the blue exciter filter
will be automatically inserted. But another method is that ,alternatively, 3-4
upon pressing mydriatic fluorescein select switch, the barrier filter can be FA Color

automatically inserted, and the exciter filter later inserted.

Mydriatic fluorescein angiography

For more information, see the paragraph “Summary of DIP-SW on power
unit” in “9. Technical references.”
Blue
Eye

P3-11
 4-1 Photography of enlarged image
4) Switching picture angle
This paragraph describes the method of photographing enlarged image. On this
equipment, you can select from the picture angles of 50° and 30° in mydriatic color
and mydriatic fluorescein modes, and from those of 45° and 27° in non-mydriatic
mode.

1) Operate according to the paragraphs of “3. Basic photography.”

2) In each type of photography, operate from positioning and focussing
of the examined eye at the picture angle of 50°(45°).
3) Select a desired picture angle by the picture angle knob. If video
camera connecting adapter is in use, be sure to switch the picture
angle knob of the video camera adapter.
4) Perform fine adjustment of focussing and alignment, and then press
the shutter button to photograph.

4
n Photography of enlarged image
Other practical photography

• Photograph by enlarging the central part to be photographed at the picture angles of 30° (27°) against those
of 50° (45°).
• In photographing enlarged image, guide the patient's line of sight such that the part to be photographed can
come in the center of the picture angles of 50° (45°).
• When luminous lines for focusing detection is
in use, adjust the focusing at the picture angles
of 50° (45°). You need not adjust focussing after
changing the picture angle.

• When video camera connecting adapter is in use, be sure to switch the picture angle knob at the same time
as well.
• When the picture angles of main camera unit and video adapter do not agree, pressing the shutter button
causes an alarm to sound and permits no image to be captured.
• It takes about 3 seconds to switch to Small pupil mode.
Since photographing immediately after switching the mode does not allow you to capture a good image, wait
at least three seconds before starting photography.

4-2 Small pupil photography

This paragraph describes a small pupil photography method in mydriatic “Color” 2) S.P. switch
and “FA” mode. 4.0 mm or more in diameter, photography is enabled in Small pupil
mode.
FA Color
1) Operate according to the paragraphs of “3-3 Mydriatic color
photography” and “3-4 Mydriatic fluorescein angiography.”
2) Press S.P. switch on the right-hand panel. For timing of pressing the
S.P. switch, see below mentioned points. Blue
Eye

3) Adjust the focusing and alignment and then press the shutter button to
photograph.

P4-1
 4. Other practical photography

n Small pupil mode

• The pupil with a minimum diameter of 5.5 mm can be photographed
in mydriatic mode. When in small pupil mode, the diameter of pupil
to be photographed can be reduced to a minimum diameter to 4.0
mm.
• In case of the examined eye the pupil of which is obviously 5.5 mm If obviously 5.5 mm or less in
or less in diameter, immediately after selecting mydriatic color mode diameter, try to photograph
in small pupil mode.
or mydriatic fluorescein angiography mode, select the small pupil
mode by pressing the S.P. switch, before starting photography.
• In case of the examined eye the pupil of which is 5.5 mm or so in
diameter, tentatively observe and perform aligning. When an image
should have shadow in its center or peripheral, switch to the small
pupil mode by pressing the S.P. switch.
If 5.5 mm or so in diameter,
try to photograph in mydriatic
mode.

• In case the small pupil mode is used, the picture angles of photography will be 45° and 27°.
• In case of the pupil the diameter of which is 4.0 mm or less in diameter, uniformly exposed images cannot 4
be photographed.

Other practical photography

• It takes about three seconds to switch to small pupil mode.
Do not photograph immediately after switching to a desired photography mode to avoid an improper picture
image. Therefore, wait at least three seconds before starting photography.

4-3 Red-free photography (mydriatic color mode)

This paragraph describes red-free photography with optional green filter.
The designated green filter is available as an option.

1) Select “Color” by the mode select switch on the right-hand panel. 2) Filter inserting slot

2) Insert the optional green filter into the slot on the side of the main
camera unit. Now the patient observation light turns green.
3) The subsequent procedure is the same as in the items of “3-3
Mydriatic color photography.” Proceed to photography following the
preceding paragraph.

n In red-free photography, red-less light is produced by absorbing red wavelength from light, and as a result,
good fundus pictures are obtained in which blood vessels have a high contrast with the retina.

In these types of photography, roll of ISO400 B&W negative film (3-times-development) or of B&W ISO1600
film (standard development) is recommended.

P4-2
 4. Other practical photography

4-4 Photography of data card

In this paragraph, methods of photographing a data card on 35-mm film are described.

hotography of data card

P
You can photograph a data card on 35-mm camera back. The data card is
sold separately as an option.
1 Use a pen and write data (e.g., patient 3 Insert the data card
name) on the data card placed in the
position as shown in the figure.
2 Insert the data card into the slot on the main
camera unit in the direction as shown in the
figure.
3 When photographing normally, data on the
data card will be recorded on 35-mm film. Insert the card into the
slot in this direction.
4 The data card may be reused after wiping it
off with alcohol.

4-5 Blue Eye switch

4 This paragraph describes the Blue Eye switch function. Using this function with pa-
Blue Eye switch
tient with blue iris makes the flash intensity one level lower than normal, and com-
pensates the exposure to an appropriate level. (Change the exposure accordingly
Other practical photography

as its excess or deficiency changes according to the dilation of the pupil.)

Check the color of the patient’s iris before photography and use this function if nec- FA Color

essary.

Blue
Eye

P4-3
5-1 LCD monitoring mode (“Mydriatic color” and “FA” mode)
This paragraph describes the method of performing mydriatic photography watching LCD monitor instead of looking
into viewfinder as if doing non-mydriatic photography. This feature allows you to photograph without diopter adjust-
ment. Also a patient becomes free from dazzling observation light since it uses infrared light in the mydriatic color
mode and reduces the intensity of observation light in the mydriatic fluorescein mode. Therefore you can photo-
graph smoothly.

1) Select “Color” by the mode select switch on the right-hand panel. 2) LCD monitoring switch
2) Press “LCD monitoring” switch on the right-hand panel.
The LCD monitor will start with operating sound while the observation light turns
infrared light.
3) From now on, operate according to the paragraph of “3-2 Non-mydriatic
photography.”
Starting with the item 2), you can photograph as if doing non-mydriatic
photography.

In LCD monitoring mode, you can perform non-mydriatic photographing at a picture angle of 50° of the ex-
n
amined eye the pupil of which can be spontaneously dilated to 5.5 mm or so in diameter, without applying
5
mydriatic eye drops to it.(non-mydriatic photography at a picture angle of 50°.)

Handy features
In mydriatic color mode, observe and set the examined eye with infrared light as in the case of non-mydriatic
n
photography. Thus, because the patient can be free from dazzling observation light, you can smoothly per-
form photography for the patient even if not accustomed to dilating the pupil.

Non-mydriatic photography
at a picture angle of 50° will
be enabled if the pupil can be
spontaneously dilated to 5.5
mm or more in diameter

• Unlike observation through viewfinder, accurate states of flare and focusing will become hard to check for.
• When observing on LCD monitor, bear in mind that, unlike an actual picture image taken, both a fluorescein
angiogram and a normal fundus picture image will appear on the monitor. (Picture image taken will be
limited to fluorescein angiogram.)

P5-1
 5. Handy features

5-2 External image input display function

In this paragraph, the method of displaying the images of an external imaging device is described. With this func-
tion, you can use the TV monitor of this unit to review the fundus images from the external imaging device located
remotely. There are two types of image displays; “Automatic” after photography and “Manual”.

1) Automatic external image display

Video input
1 Connect the video output of an external imaging device to the
external video input port of this unit.
2 Follow the steps described in “3 Basic photography” to
photograph.
3 The photographed color fundus image is displayed automatically
on the TV monitor of this unit.
4 In order to display the images of non-mydriatic photography,
select the alignment screen using the monitor select switch on the
right-hand panel after an image is displayed on the monitor.
(This switching is not required for the images of mydriatic Monitor select switch
photography.)

2) Manual external image display

FA
1 Connect the video output of an external imaging device to the
Color

external video input port of this unit.

2 Press the monitor select switch on the right-hand panel to switch
the monitor display.
3 The image from the external imaging device connected to this
Blue
Eye

5 unit is displayed.
Handy features

Automatic display Manual display

Displays a color image

ON: Displays a color image
Mydriatic mode (The next color image is automatically
OFF: Displays no image
displayed.)

Displays a color image

Monochrome alignment screen
Non-mydriatic (The monochrome alignment screen
(Press the monitor select switch to view
mode is automatically switched to the color
a photographed color image.)
image.)

* Factory default settings

n The default setting is switched between Automatic and Manual. For details see “5-3 Changing default
setting”. Monitor select switch may be disabled. By disabling the switch, you can prevent a malfunction
when no external imaging device is used. Refer to “5-3 Changing initial settings” for details.

When you use the external image display mode, make sure to use an external imaging device with a video
n
output and connect it to the video input of this unit. Please note that no image is shown on the fundus cam-
era monitor when the external image display mode is selected.

P5-2
 5. Handy features

5-3 Changing initial settings

This paragraph describes initialization of this main camera unit. This equipment will be more conveniently utilized
by changing initial settings.
Initial settings can be changed by changing over the switches from one position to the other.

List of switches at the back of panel

SW Description OFF ON

Start-up mode when power is turned Non-

SW 1 Mydriatic
ON mydriatic

SW 2 External video input Don't use Don't use

Counting sound when the timer No

SW 3 Sounding
operates sounding

SW 4 Monitor select switch Enabled Disabled

SW 5 Don't use Don't use Don't use

SW 6 Don't use Don't use Don't use

SW 7 Don't use Don't use Don't use

5
SW 8 Don't use Don't use Don't use

Handy features
SW 9 Don't use Don't use Don't use

SW 0 Don't use Don't use Don't use

* Factory default settings

Position of switch

(in the rear of panel)

P5-3
 This paragraph describes remedies for any irregularity occurring on this equipment. If any irregularity should occur
on this equipment, check the following before contacting your Kowa dealer where you purchased it.

Irregularity Check item Remedy

Non-mydriatic mode wrongly selected. Switch to “Color” mode.

TV monitoring mode wrongly selected. Switch to “Color” mode.

Fix the observation lamp properly.

Observation light improperly fixed. See “7-3 Replacing observation light
Observation lamp does not bulb.”
come ON.
Replace with new observation lamp.
Observation light bulb has burnt out. See “7-3 Replacing observation light
bulb.”

Replace with new fuse.

Fuse blown. See “7-5 Replacing with new fuse.”

Camera back improperly mounted.

Camera change-over indicator on the Mount camera back properly.
left-hand panel: H-mark ON. If not, H-mark will not come ON.
Film improperly set.

Camera change-over indicator on the Set film properly.

Shutter is not released with left-hand panel: H-mark FLASHING. If film is not loaded, H-mark will FLASH.
35mm camera mounted.
“Video camera adapter” for photography Select “35-mm” (H-mark) for photogra-
optical path wrongly selected by camera phy optical path.
change-over switch: G-mark ON. Make sure H-mark is ON.

Perhaps the buzzer is sounding to warn Remove filter from slot.

6 you of some wrong operation.

The picture angles of the main camera

Troubleshooting

unit and the video camera connecting

adapter do not agree with each other.
Perhaps the buzzer is sounding to warn
Make sure the picture angle knob on the
you of some wrong operation. main camera unit and the video cam-
Shutter is not released with era connecting adapter are pointing at a
the video camera connect- proper guide mark.
ing adapter.
Immediately after manipulating the pic-
ture angle knob, it may not be detected
This may occur immediately after ma- whether or not the picture angles of the
nipulating the picture angle select knob.
main camera unit and the video camera
connecting adaptor are in agreement.

A picture image produced Immediately after manipulating the pic-

via the video camera con- ture angle knob, it may not be detected
necting adapter has some This may occur immediately after ma- whether or not the picture angles of the
shading on its periphery, or nipulating the picture angle select knob. main camera unit and the video camera
is out of focus in some ar- connecting adaptor are in agreement.
eas.

Fix flash lamp properly.

Flash lamp improperly fixed. See “7-4 Replacing with new flash
lamp.”

Camera flash lamp is not Replace with new flash lamp.

exposed. Flash lamp degrading.
Flash lamp blurring in white. See “7-4 Replacing with new flash
lamp.”

Fuse brown. Replace with new fuse.

P6-1
 6. Troubleshooting

Irregularity Check item Remedy

Mydriatic color or mydriatic fluorescein See “7-5 Replacing with new fuse.”
mode selected. Switch to non-mydriatic mode.

Is External video input selected by Turn off External video input.

LCD monitor does not Monitor select switch?
operate.
The picture angle knob wrongly Align the picture angle knob with a posi-
positioned and fixed. tion of 50°.

Observation lamp OFF. Make sure the observation lamp is ON.

Non-mydriatic mode selected. Switch to mydriatic or fluorescein mode.

Nothing seen when looking LCD monitoring mode selected. Cancel the LCD monitoring mode.
into viewfinder.
Picture angle knob wrongly positioned Align the picture angle knob with a posi-
and fixed. tion of 50°.

Fundus camera wrongly set. Properly adjust the fundus camera’s

alignment.

OFF selected on ON/OFF switch. Turn the switch ON.

Luminous lines for focusing Turn off Anterior chamber select switch.
detection/luminous spots Is Anterior chamber select switch on? When Anterior chamber select switch is
for aligning the position de- on, detecting luminous dots turns off.
tection does not appear.
Switch “Anterior chamber select” switch
to OFF.
Diopter lens inserted. When inserting dioptic lens, the lumi-
nous line for focusing detection will
come OFF.

Fixation lamp for photographing Select the external fixation lamp.

posterior pole or optic disk selected.

External fixation light does Fasten by hand the external fixation

Improperly fixed.
not come ON. lamp at its bottom.
6
Pin jack pulled off from the chin-rest’s Fully insert the pin jack.
bottom.

Troubleshooting
Timer’s counting does not OFF selected in initial setting of “timer’s Set it to ON.
sound. counting sound in operation.” See “5-3 Changing initial settings.”

In case of fluorescein photography, re-

Optional green filter inserted in fluores- move the green filter.
Buzzing does not stop. cein mode. In case of red-free photography, select
the mydriatic color mode.

After turning OFF the power, wait for ten

seconds before turning it ON again. If “Err
Err 1 appearing on panel’s Power switch was repeatedly turned 1” should still appear, stop the equip-
indicator. ON/OFF. ment before contact your Kowa dealer
where you purchased it.

After turning OFF the power, wait for ten

seconds before turning it ON again. If
Err 2 indicated on panel's Power switch was repeatedly turned Err 2 should still appear, stop the equip-
indicator ON/OFF. ment and contact your Kowa dealer
where you purchased it.

P6-2
 6. Troubleshooting

Irregularity Check item Remedy

White dots appearing on Clean the objective lens.

picture Objective lens fouled with dust. See “7-2 Inspecting/cleaning the objec-
tive lens.”

Objective lens fouled with, for instance, Clean the objective lens.
tears rolling down from the examined See “7-2 Inspecting/cleaning the objec-
eye. tive lens.”

Examined eye partly covered with its Keep the examine eye’s eyelashes from
eyelashes. optically interfering with its pupil.

Shadow around peripheral

of picture

Properly adjust the fundus camera’s

Camera too far from the examined eye. alignment.

Whitening around
peripheral of picture

Properly adjust the fundus camera’s

Camera too close to the examined eye. alignment.

6
Locally darkening on
Troubleshooting

picture

In case of mydriatic mode, set to small

pupil mode.
In case of non-mydriatic mode, check
Examined eye insufficiently dilated. the pupil for its diameter. If it should be
less than a specified value, shadow will
appear in the center of picture.

Dark spots appearing in

identical locations of any
picture

Please contact your Kowa dealer where

Inside of camera fouled with dust. you purchased it, asking for repair.

P6-3
 Since the fundus camera is a precision instrument, it is necessary to carry out daily inspection and maintenance.
To keep your KOWA in good and safe conditions, please read this paragraph carefully.

7-1 Daily inspection

1) After finishing photography, be sure to turn OFF the equipment and seal the objective lens with its protective
lens cap, and then lock the base. Enclose the fundus camera with the dust cover to guard against dust as well.
2) Take care that the objective lens is free of dust, fingerprints and bodily fluid like tears. Right before starting
photography for the day, make sure that the objective lens is free of dirt. If mydriatic mode is selected, you can
sufficiently check for any dirt.
3) If the main camera unit, power unit, forehead-rest, a chin-rest and options should be dirty, clean them with soft
cloth.
If dirt is stubborn, apply neutral detergent to clean. Do not use chemicals and solvents such as thinner and
benzene that may cause deterioration, deforming or paint peel-off.
1 Wipe the outer surface with soft cloth, from which water (used to moisten the cloth) was firmly squeezed
off.
2 Lightly wipe the monitor screen cover with soft cloth such as gauze because it is open to scar.
3 Wipe off the obstinate dirt with soft cloth, from which water or lukewarm water used to dilute a small
amount of neutral detergent was squeezed off.

4) If you intend not to use the camera for a long period of time, unplug from the 1) Seal the objective lens with cap
power outlet for safety’s sake.

• If the fundus camera in a cool room should be suddenly moved to a warmer room, or if the room in which
7
the camera is located should be suddenly heated, the objective lens and/or internal lens may be prohibitively

Daily inspection
fogged. Wait for a while until the lens is defogged, and after defogging, start photography. Otherwise,
pictures taken may become out of focus.
• If it has been repeatedly fogged, the lens may get moldy. In this case, contact our company or Kowa dealer
where you purchased it.

Caution
Do not wipe the outer surface of the instrument with solvents
such as benzene, alcohol, thinner, ether and the like. Other-
wise, such substances may cause the surface to be discolored
Prohibitory
or deteriorated.

P7-1
 7. Daily inspection

7-2 Inspecting/cleaning the objective lens

If objective lens should be fouled with fingerprints and the like, white spots will appear on identical locations of any
picture taken. Clean the lens following the steps below:
1) Turn ON the power switch.
2) Darken the room so that dirt on the objective lens can be discerned. Then set to “mydriatic color mode” and
maximize lamp intensity.
3) Blow off dirt and dust from the objective lens by the accessory blower.
4) If the dust blower is inefficient, wipe the surface with lens cleaning paper or gauze moistened with a mixture of
pure alcohol and ether ( in a 1 to 1 ratio). Be sure to wipe carefully and mildly without applying force. Rotate
the wipe little by little in a circular motion from in the center of the lens toward the edge.
5) Dirt, which cannot be cleaned off with the mixture, will be removed by lightly wiping the lens with cotton swab
moistened with a small amount of water.
After this step, fully wipe the lens with the solution all over again.
If dirt should still resist cleaning, contact your Kowa dealer where you purchased the instrument.

3) Blow off by the accessory blower 4) Wipe the surface of the lens

n For cleaning all over again, discard the used lens cleaning paper (or gauze) and use the fresh one
moistened with the mixture, for complete cleaning.

• If it should be wiped with dust staying still on it or with force being applied on it, the lens may get scars on its
7 surface.
• Never use chamois skin or silicone-treated cloth.
• Because the suggested cleaning solution is highly volatile and flammable, special attention must be paid to
Daily inspection

when handling and storing.

P7-2
 7. Daily inspection

7-3 Replacing observation light bulb 2) Remove the cover

1) Turn OFF the power switch before unplugging from the power outlet.
2) Loosen the lamp cover’s screws by coin or flathead screwdriver for
removal.
Make sure the lamp has been sufficiently cooled off before proceeding
to the subsequent steps.
3) For removal, loosen the inner black lamp cover’s screws by coin or
flathead screwdriver .
4) Remove the observation lamp from its socket as it is fitted while
3) Remove the inner cover
holding the lampshade by hand.
5) Press down a new observation lamp deeply into the socket to fit it
securely, with its shade being held by hand, while you must be careful
about the direction in which the shade’s protrusions are facing. Make
sure that the protrusion is securely fitted into the groove.
6) Tighten the inner black lamp cover’s screws again to fit it.
7) Fit the lamp cover and tighten the lamp cover’s fitting screws.

Direction in which the lamp is

4) Remove the lamp 5) Replace with new lamp facing Location of protrusion

Join the protrusions

together

• Remove the observation lamp straight from the direction of the three pins located at its the base. Fit the new 7
lamp in the socket without applying any twisting force.

Daily inspection
• Press down the observation lamp deep into the socket to fit it securely.
• Fit the lamp cover while taking care that excessive stress will not be exerted upon the socket’s cord.
• Securely fit the shade’s protrusion into the groove to keep the lamp from giving uneven illumination during
observation.
• Do not touch the lamp in the shade with your bare hands. Otherwise, lamp’s useful life will be made shorter
due to burning of finger’s fat on hot lamp surface.

Warning Caution

When replacing the flash tube or obser-

vation light bulb, be sure to turn OFF the
Unplug
When replacing with new observation main power switch and unplug it from
lamp and flash lamp, be sure to turn Warning the power outlet, and wait for 30 minutes
High-temperature
OFF the power switch before unplugging or more.
from the power outlet. Otherwise, there
is a fear of electrical shock. Do not touch the flash lamp tube with your bare hands.
Warning Otherwise, the lamp may have a lower quantity of light
High-voltage
and a shorter useful life.

P7-3
 7. Daily inspection

7-4 Disinfect
Wipe the forehead-rest and the grip(option) with rubbing alcohol as soon as a patient completes the examination.
Also wipe the chin-rest with rubbing alcohol when no chin-rest paper is used.

7-5 Replacing with new flash lamp

1) Turn OFF the power switch before unplugging from the power outlet.
2) Remove the lamp cover by the same procedure as that for replacing the observation lamp to expose the flash
lamp.
See items 1) to 3) of “7-3 Replacing observation light bulb”.
3) Remove the cap for electronic flash compartment, then push the marked base inward with force to release the
flash tube.
4) With a fresh flash tube being held by its porcelain base, join three pins with their socket holes and firmly push
it down to fix.
5) Fit the flash cover and cap for electronic flash compartment.

3) Remove the cap for electronic

flash compartment Push the base 4) Replace with new lamp

*Do not touch the glass-made part

with your bare hand.

• Remove the flash lamp straight from the direction of the three pins located at its base and then fit a new one
in the socket.
• Do not apply any twisting force.
7 • Press down the flash lamp deep into the socket and fit it securely.
• When installing the lamp cover, do not exert stress on the cord of the flash lamp socket.
• Do not touch the flash lamp with your bare hands. Otherwise, lamp’s useful life will be made shorter due to
Daily inspection

burning of finger’s fat on hot lamp surface.

Warning Caution

When replacing the flash tube or obser-

vation light bulb, be sure to turn OFF the
Unplug
When replacing with new observation main power switch and unplug it from
lamp and flash lamp, be sure to turn Warning the power outlet, and wait for 30 minutes
High-temperature
OFF the power switch before unplugging or more.
from the power outlet. Otherwise, there
is a fear of electrical shock. Do not touch the flash lamp tube with your bare hands.
Warning Otherwise, the lamp may have a lower quantity of light
High-voltage
and a shorter useful life.

P7-4
 7. Daily inspection

7-6 Replacing with new fuse

1) Turn OFF the power switch before unplugging from the power outlet.
2) Tu r n t h e p o w e r u n i t ' s f u s e h o l d e r b y f l a t h e a d s c r e w d r i v e r 2) Fuse holder
counterclockwise to take out fuses in service.
3) Replace with new fuses and close the fuse holder. Check for their
indicated capacity and type before fitting them in place.

Warning
When replacing with new fuses, turn OFF the power switch and
unplug from the power outlet. Otherwise, there is a fear of elec-
trical shock.
Use accessory or designated fuses. If other than designated
Unplug
ones should be used, there may occur failure or a fire on the
equipment.

7-7 Fitting chin-rest paper Fit chin-rest paper.

Set chin-rest paper at the chin-rest and fix it by pins.
For each patient, replace by a piece of fresh chin-rest paper being used for a previ-
ous patient.

7-8 Replenishing consumables

Please place your orders by the ordering numbers listed right.
Consumables Ordering number

Caution Flash lamp K9L9 FU3A

The fuse differs according to the voltage which is used. Make sure Observation lamp K9L52 A26
to use a correct fuse when replacing one. 7
Data card K9L33#225

Daily inspection
Fuse×2 0218005.MXP

Chin-rest paper K9L-TB45#102

Chin-rest paper pin K9L-TB45#101

Dust cover FT5#520I

7-9 Periodical Inspection

It is recommendable to periodically inspect your instrument once every year. For information about what is to be in-
spected and costs, contact Kowa distributor where you purchased the KOWA .

7-10 Repairing the Instrument

If there is a need to return your KOWA to the manufacturer for repair or maintenance, please contact one
of Kowa’s distributors indicated on the back cover of INSTRUCTION MANUAL.

P7-5
 Mydriatic 50° / 30°
• Picture angle
Non-mydriatic 45° / 27°
• Working distance 39 mm (from examined eye to front of objective lens)
0 – 12D ~ + 13D
• Range of Compensation of – –10D ~ – 32D
examined eye + +10D ~ + 35D
• Focusing Agreement of split luminous lines (with ON/OFF function)
• Working distance adjustment Luminous spot indication (with ON/OFF function)
• Range of dioptric correction –8D ~ + 5D
of optical viewfinder
• Observation light source Halogen lamp
• Electronic flash source Xenon flash lamp
(coarse motion) 90mm
Forward/backward (slightmotion) about 22mm
• Base vertical working range
(coarsemotion) 140mm
leftward/rightward (slightmotion) about 22mm
• Base vertical working range 30mm

• Tilt working range Angle of depression......15°

Angle of elevation.........8.5°
• Rotating arm working range 30° each of leftward and rightward motions
Input voltage AC 230 V(EU)
( In case of changingthe input of voltage, please call a serviceperson.)
• Power supply 50/60Hz
Input Normal:280VA
(Powerconsumption) Maximum :1500VA
• Dimensions 400mm(W) × 520mm(D) × 620mm(H)
• Weight 35.5kg

Compliance standard
• EN 60601-1:1990 + A1:1993 + A2:1995 + A13:1996
• EN 60601-1-1:2001(IEC 60601-1-1:2000)
• EN 60601-1-2:2001 + A1:2006(IEC 60601-1-2:2001 + A1:2004)

Safety standard and classification

According to the type of protection against electric shock.
< CLASS I EQUIPMENT >
8 According to the degree of protection against electric shock.
< TYPE B APPLIED PART >
According to the degree of protection against ingress of water
Specifications

as detailed in the current edition of IEC 60529.

< IPX0 >
According to the degree of safety of application in the presence
of a flammable anaesthetic mixture with air or with oxygen or nitrous oxide.
< Equipment not suitable for use in the presence of a flammable
anaesthetic mixture with air or with oxygen or nitrous oxide. >
According to the mode of operation.
< CONTINUOUS OPERATION >

Complied EC Directive

Meidcal Device Directive 93/42/EEC :

WEEE Directive 2002/96/EC

P8-1
Summary of synchronous connector Pin No. Signal
Connector in service: D-SUB 9-pin type 1 TIMER START
Engagement: M3
2 GND
3 GND
4 TRIG–IN(STOROBE)
5 GND
6 TRIG–OUT(TRIG)
7 NC
8 NC
9 NC

Dedicated synchronous cables

K9L-SC48 (D-SUB9 ~ D-SUB9) 5m For connecting VK2
K9L-SC48D (K9L-SC48 + BNC Cord N = 2) 5m For connecting VK2D

Caution
If you intend to use external synchronization connector, please contact Kowa
distributer.

Summary of DIP-SW on power unit

DIP - SW
Pin No. Operations
1 Flash compensation: upper optical path/color/+1

2 Flash compensation: upper optical path/color/–1

3 Flash compensation: upper optical path/FA/+1

4 Flash compensation: upper optical path/FA/–1

5 Don’t use
Mydriatic fluorescein angiography select switch can op-
erate
6 ON: Barrier filter insertion
OFF: Exciter filter insertion 9
7 Don’t use
Technical references

8 Don’t use

9 Don’t use

10 Don’t use

P9-1
 The relative spectral output of the instrument

0.5
Energy( J) for image capturing light

0.45 Image Capturing Light

Power( W) for illumination light

Illumination Light
0.4
0.35
0.3
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
Wavelength (nm)

• The spectrally-weighted photochemical source radiance, both phakic LB and aphakic LA

<Illumination Light> <Image Capturing Light>
LB = 1.89 mW/(cm2 • sr) LB =66.8 mJ/(cm2 • sr)
LA = 3.08 mW/(cm2 • sr) LA =98.2 mJ/(cm2 • sr)
Photochemical Hazard (ISO 15004)

(informative)
Spectrally weighted photochemical radiances LB and LA give a measure of the potential that exists of a beam of
light to cause photochemical hazard to the retina. LB gives the measure for eyes in which the crystalline lens is in
place. LA gives this measure either for eyes in which the crystalline lens has been removed (aphakes) and has not
been replaced by a UV-blocking lens or for the eyes of very young children.

The value stated for this ophthalmic instrument gives a measure of hazard potential when the instrument is oper-
ated at maximum intensity and maximum aperture. Values of LB or LA over 80mW/(cm2 • sr) are considered high for
beams which wholly fill a dilated pupil.

The retinal exposure dose for a photochemical hazard is a product of the radiance and the exposure time. For in-
stance, at a radiance level of 80mW/(cm2 • sr), 3 min irradiation of the dilated (8mm diameter) pupil would cause
the retinal exposure dose level to attain the recommended exposure limit. If the value of radiance were reduced to
40mW/(cm2 • sr), twice that time (i.e.6min) would be needed to reach the recommended limit. The recommended
exposure dose is based on calculations arising from the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygien-
ists (ACGIH) - Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents (1995-1996 edition).

While no acute optical radiation hazards have been identified for ophthalmic instruments, it is recommended that
the intensity of light directed into the examined eye be limited to the minimum level which is necessary for diagno-
10
sis.Infants, aphakes and persons with diseased eyes will be at greater risk. The risk may also be increased if thep-
erson being examined has had any exposure with the same instrument or any other ophthalmic instrument using
avisible light source during the previous 24 h. This will apply particularly if the eye has been exposed to retinal pho-
tography.

Should you have any question (e.g., ratio of the variable intensity to the maximum intensity), contact us or your
Kowa dealer.

P10-1
KOWA is a medical electrical instrument. The medical electrical instrument requires special care concern-
ing electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). This section describes its suitability in terms of electromagnetic compatibil-
ity of this instrument. When installing or using this instrument, please read carefully and observe what is described
here.
(This instrument was tested on electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) based on IEC60601-1-2.)
1. Carefully handle portable- or mobile-type radio frequency communication unit (RF communications equip-
ment) since it may have an adverse effect on this instrument resulting in malfunctioning.
2. This instrument was tested on electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) with optional or accessory parts being
assembled into it.
Do not assemble into this instrument any optional or accessory parts other than those designated by
Kowa. Otherwise, this instrument may be adversely affected by other instrument resulting in malfunction-
ing, or the latter itself may malfunction.
• Power cable (a maximum length of 3 m)
• Video Adapters made by Kowa
• Dedicated synchronous cables (a maximum length of 5m),see P9-1
• Cameras with CE marking
3. This instrument is not designed such that it can be used adjacent to other instrument or placing one on top
of another. Therefore, do not apply such use. Nevertheless, if such use is inevitable, it is necessary to con-
stantly monitor if the instrument is functioning normally after such use has been adopted.
4. We specified the functions listed in the table below as the essential performance of this instrument to
determine electromagnetic compatibility(EMC) of this instrument.
Functions Essential performance

Electromagnetic Compatibility
Flash lamp luminescence
Light-emitting functions Flash lamp intensity switching
Illumination light intensity switching

F.D LED working

W.D LED working
Diopter compensation solenoid operation
Ring slit motor operation
Mask solenoid operation
Instrument operation functions IR filter motor operation
Barrier filter solenoid operation
Exciter filter solenoid operation
Mechanical shutter operation
Return miller solenoid operation
Fan motor operation

Photography functions External synchronous terminal working

IR CCD camera operation

Display functions
Screen display (through image)
(IEC60601-1-2)

11

P11-1
 11. Electromagnetic Compatibility (IEC60601-1-2)

[ Compliance verification and guidance ]

Guidance and manufacturer's declaration - electromagnetic emissions
The KOWA is intended for use in the electromagnetic environment specified below.
The customer or the user of the KOWA should assure that it is used in such an environment.
Emissions test Compliance Electromagnetic environment - guidance

RF emissions Group 1 The KOWA uses RF energy only for its internal function. Therefore,
its RF emissions are very low and are not likely to cause any interference in
CISPR 11 nearby electronic equipment.

RF emissions Class A
CISPR 11
Harmonic emissions The KOWA is suitable for use in all establishments other than do-
Class A
IEC 61000-3-2 mestic and those directly connected to the public low-voltage power supply net-
work that supplies buildings used for domestic purposes.
Voltage fluctuations/
flicker emissions Complies
IEC 61000-3-3
Electromagnetic Compatibility
(IEC60601-1-2)

11

P11-2
 11. Electromagnetic Compatibility (IEC60601-1-2)

Guidance and manufacturer's declaration - electromagnetic immunity

The KOWA is intended for use in the electromagnetic environment specified below.
The customer or the user of the KOWA should assure that it is used in such an environment.

IEC 60601 Compliance level

Immunity test Electromagnetic environment-guidance
test level
Floors should be wood, concrete or ce-
Electrostatic
±6kV contact ±6kV contact ramic tile. If floors are covered with syn-
discharge (ESD)
±8kV air ±8kV air thetic material, the relative humidity should
IEC 61000-4-2
be at least 30%.
Electrical fast ±2 kV for power ±2 kV for power supply
transient/burst supply lines lines Mains power quality should be that of a
typical commercial or hospital environ-
IEC61000-4-4 ±1 kV for input/output ±1 kV for input/output ment.
lines lines
Mains power quality should be that of a
Surge ±1 kV differential mode ±1 kV differential mode
typical commercial or hospital environ-
IEC 61000-4-5 ±2 kV common mode ±2 kV common mode
ment.
<5% U T <5% U T
(>95% dip in U T ) (>95% dip in U T ) for 0.5
for 0.5 cycle cycle

Mains power quality should be that of a

Voltage dips, short 40% U T 40% U T
typical commercial or hospital environ-

Electromagnetic Compatibility
interruptions and (60% dip in U T ) (60% dip in U T
ment. If the user of the KOWA
voltage variations for 5 cycles for 5 cycles
requires continued operation during power
on power supply
mains interruptions, it is recommended
input lines 70% U T 70% U T
that the KOWA be powered
IEC61000-4-11 (30% dip in U T ) (30% dip in U T )
from an uninterruptible power supply or a
for 25 cycles for 25 cycles
battery.

<5% U T <5% U T
(>95% dip in U T ) (>95% dip in U T )
for 5 sec for 5 sec
Power frequency 3 A/m 3A/m Power frequency magnetic fields should
(50/60Hz) be at levels characteristic of a typical lo-
magnetic field cation in a typical commercial or hospital
IEC61000-4-8 environment.
NOTE U T is the a.c. mains voltage prior to application of the test level.
(IEC60601-1-2)

11

P11-3
 11. Electromagnetic Compatibility (IEC60601-1-2)

Guidance and manufacturer's declaration - electromagnetic immunity

The KOWA is intended for use in the electromagnetic environment specified below.
The customer or the user of the KOWA should assure that it is used in such an environment.

Immunity test IEC 60601 test level Compliance level Electromagnetic environment– guidance
Portable and mobile RF communications equip-
ment should be used no closer to any part of the
KOWA , including cables, than the rec-
ommended separation distance calculated from
the equation applicable to the frequency of the
transmitter.

Conducted RF 3 Vrms 3V Recommended separation distance

IEC 61000-4-6 150 kHz to 80 MHz d=1.2 P

Radiated RF 3 V/m 3 V/m d=1.2 P 80 MHz to 800 MHz

IEC 61000-4-3 80 MHz to 2.5 GHz d=2.3 P 800 MHz to 2.5 GHz,

where P is the maximum output power rating of

the transmitter in watts (W) according to the trans-
mitter manufacturer and d is the recommended
separation distance in metres (m).
Electromagnetic Compatibility

Field strengths from fixed RF transmitters, as

determined by an electromagnetic site surveya,
should be less than the compliance level in each
frequency rangeb.

Interference may occur in the vicinity of equip-

ment marked with the following symbol:

NOTE 1 At 80MHz and 800MHz, the higher frequency range applies.

NOTE 2 These guidelines may not apply in all situations. Electromagnetic propagation is affected by absorption
and reflection from structures, objects and people.
a Field strengths from fixed transmitters, such as base stations for radio (cellular/cordless) telephones and land
mobile radios, amateur radio, AM and FM radio broadcast and TV broadcast cannot be predicted theoretically
with accuracy. To assess the electromagnetic environment due to fixed RF transmitters, an electromagnetic
site survey should be considered. If the measured field strength in the location in which the KOWA
is used exceeds the applicable RF compliance level above, the KOWA should be observed to verify
(IEC60601-1-2)

normal operation. If abnormal performance is observed, additional measures may be necessary, such as reori-
enting or relocating the KOWA .
b Over the frequency range 150kHz to 80MHz, field strengths should be less than 3 V/m.

11

P11-4
 11. Electromagnetic Compatibility (IEC60601-1-2)

Recommended separation distances between

portable and mobile RF communications equipment and the KOWA
The KOWA is intended for use in an electromagnetic environment in which radiated RF disturbances are con-
trolled. The customer or the user of the KOWA can help prevent electromagnetic interference by maintaining a
minimum distance between portable and mobile RF communications equipment (transmitters) and the KOWA as
recommended below, according to the maximum output power of the communications equipment.
Separation distance according to frequency of transmitter
Rated maximum output m
power of transmitter
W 150 kHz to 80 MHz 80 MHz to 800 MHz 800 MHz to 2.5 GHz
d=1.2 P d=1.2 P d=2.3 P
0.01 0.12 0.12 0.23
0.1 0.37 0.37 0.74
1 1.2 1.2 2.3
10 3.7 3.7 7.4
100 12 12 23
For transmitters rated at a maximum output power not listed above, the recommended separation distance d in metres (m)
can be estimated using the equation applicable to the frequency of the transmitter, where P is the maximum output power
rating of the transmitter in watts (W) according to the transmitter manufacturer.
NOTE 1 80MHz and 800MHz, the separation distance for the higher frequency range applies.
NOTE 2 These guidelines may not apply in all situations. Electromagnetic propagation is affected by absorption and reflection from
structures, objects and people.

Electromagnetic Compatibility
(IEC60601-1-2)

11

P11-5
 11. Electromagnetic Compatibility (IEC60601-1-2)

For EU market.
Electromagnetic Compatibility
(IEC60601-1-2)

11

P11-6
11. Electromagnetic Compatibility (IEC60601-1-2)

Electromagnetic Compatibility
(IEC60601-1-2)

11

P11-7
MEMO
 (World Sales Headquarters)
4-14, Nihonbashi-honcho 3-chome, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-8433 Japan Immermannstrasse 43B
Phone : 81(3) 5623-8059 40210 Duesseldorf, F.R. Germany
Facsimile : 81(3) 5623-8060 Phone : 49(211) 1793540
Facsimile : 49(211) 161952
Hamamatsu Factory
3-1, Shinmiyakoda 1-chome, Kita-ku, Hamamatsu city, Shizuoka Pref., 431-2103 Japan
© 2009 Kowa Company, Ltd. All rights reserved.
K9L48B V1.0 E 090130 MS
Printed on recycled paper. Printed in Japan