BASIC SEPARATION SYSTEM

The purification consists in the separation of two insoluble liquids with

different densities at the same time, removing of solids. The clarification is the
separation of solids contaminants from a liquid.

On board we have two (2) H.F.O purifiers, three (3) L.O purifiers and one
(1) M.D.O purifier. Both H.F.O purifiers’ work purifying the Fuel Oil from the
H.F.O settling tank to H.F.O service tank. And also both purifiers can recirculate
and at the same time purifying the H.F.O service tank. During normal operation
only one H.F.O purifier is running.

SEPARATION SYSTEM

There are two separation system, by gravity and centrifugal. When the
separation is by gravity, the solids particulars in a stationary dirty liquid, will settle
to the bottom of the tank under the influence of gravity.
In the separation by gravity of two insoluble liquids the heavier liquid will
place itself underneath the lighter liquid.

In the centrifugal separation consists in a rapidly rotating vessel, in this

case the gravity is replaced by centrifugal force, which increases the settling
velocity.

FACTOR INFLUENCING IN SEPARATION

The purifier system normally needs high temperature in the liquid to be

separated. The temperature influences in liquid viscosity and density, which must
kept constant throughout separation.
Frequently the temperature used on board for H.F.O purifier are between
85 and 95 degrees Celsius, for L.O purifiers are between 65 and 80 degrees
Celsius and for M.D.O purifier normal temperature is 40 degrees Celsius.

PURIFIER WORKING PRINCIPLE

The working principle of the purifiers takes place in the separation bowl,
where the centrifugal force is produced by a electric motor; the separation bowl
and electric motor are in Contac by a worm gear transmission.
 When the separator bowl rotates at very high speed, the centrifugal force
produced a separation of the water from the dirty liquid; also the solids deposits
are separated at the same time.

SEPARATORS COMPONENTS FUNCTON

SEPARATOR BOWL

The separator bowl is the part where the separation is carried out. The
separator bowl is comforted by the bowl body and the bowl hood whit a seal ring
is hold together by the lock ring.
An oil distributor is fitted in the bowl, through this one-unsepareted liquid
flows into the bowl from the inlet pipe. This oil distributor has an external
arrangement for placing the disc stack, at the end of the disc stack is the top
disc. The top disc neck and the lever ring from the paring chamber, where the
paring disc pumps the separated oil out of the separator bowl. At the top of the
bowl hood is the flow control disc connects by a small lock. In this part the water
is drained off intermittently.

A program makes the sludge discharge. In the lower part of the bowl is the
sliding bowl, comprising the operating slide dosing ring, springs and spring
support.
The bowl is opened and closed by the water equipment, this water
equipment consists in a selenoid valve block operated by the EPC unit.
Bowl is closed when the selenoid valve MV16 is opened and feeds closing
water. Bowl opens when the selenoid valve MV15 opens and feeds opening
water.

PARING DISC

The paring proposes is discharging the clean oil under pressure. The
liquid in the purifier enters the rotating paring chamber, where it forms a ring
around the stationary paring disc. The pressure produced by the paring disc is
composed partly by the centrifugal pressure prevailing at the periphery.

THREE-WAY VALVE

The three-way valve is in charge to change over the unsepareted oil flow
to the separator or change to recirculation mode. A constant air pressure to allow
the flow to the purifier controls this valve and if the air is not present the valve is
in recirculating mode.
FLOW INDICATOR

When the unsepareted oil flows through the flow indicator, the internal
mechanism works and the flow rate can be observed in the external gauge dial.

PERIODICAL MAINTENANCE

To ensure the correct function of the purifier the makers company gives
technical information about the recommended time to carried out maintenance,
which is based on the running hours of the purifier. The more important
maintenance is the following:

1. Oil change and CIP; every 1000 hours of service.

2. Bowl inspection and cleaning; every 2000 hours of service.
3. Intermediate service; every 2000 hours of service.
4. Mayor service; every 8000 hours of service.

All the maintenance to be carried out on a purifier must be made following the
dismantling and assembling instructions.

FUEL OIL PURIFIER OPERATION

Before operating any machinery, the operator must know the operation
procedures and characteristics of the equipment. If it is necessary read and
check the operation procedures in the operator service manual supplied by
the marker. The steps for starting operation are the following:

 Check the position of the valves, in suction line to the purifier.

 Start the Fuel Oil supply purifier pump. Check pressures and the condition
of the line in case of any leakage.
 Open steam to Fuel Oil heater. Control air valves must be opened. Set the
fuel oil temperature until 95 degrees Celsius, slowly.
 Start the purifier electric motor from the starter panel. Check ampere
condition and the purifier revolutions.
 Open the displacement and condition water supply. When the fuel oil has
risen to the correct temperature, separation program can be started in the
EPC control unit.
 The backpressure must be set between 1.8 0r 2.0 bar.
 Now the purifier starts to work following the established program.
 SLUDGE DISCHRAGE

Sludge and separated water collected in the sludge space, is discharge

through a number of ports in the bowl wall. These ports are kept shut by the
sliding bowl bottom, which is hydraulic pressed upwards against a sealing ring in
the bowl top part by the force of the bowl closing water. At sludge discharge
adding of opening water into the bowl operating system drains the bowl closing
water. The sliding bowl bottom is then pushed downward by pressure from the
inside of the bowl, and sludge and water are discharge. After the sludge
discharge the sliding bowl bottom is pushed back in position, closing the sludge
ports in the bowl.

FUEL OIL PURIFIER ANCILLARY EQUIPMENT

The fuel oil purifier FOP 613 has the following Aux. Equipment:

 Control unit EPIC-400

 Emergency stop box
 Water transducer
 Liquid sensor
 Flow switch FAD
 Thermometer
 Pneumatic 3-way valve
 Valve block
 Pneumatic actuator
 Flexible connection for oil in and outlets.

LUB. OIL PURIFIER OPERATION

The lub. Oil purifier WHPX 407 must be operated following all the
regulations given by the marker to avoid any problem whit it. On board the
operator must follow the next steps to star the purifier;

1. The operator must be clear about from where the L.O is going to be
separated.
2. All the valves must be opened in correct position taking safety precautions.
3. Turn on the L.O purifier supply pump.
4. Check all the lines and valves.
5. Open steam to L.O heater, set the temperature controller between 65 and 80
degrees Celsius.
6. Starter the L.O purifier from starter panel and check the motor ampere and
the separator revolutions.
7. When the L.O has increase its temperature, the operator can start the
separation sequence program from EPC unit.
8. The backpressure must be set between 1.8 and 2.0 bar of pressure.
9. The sludge outlet must be check to ensure that the separator bowl is
completely closed.

SLUDGE DISCHARGE

The L.O sludge discharge is initiated from a signal of the EPC unit to start
the discharge sequence. In sludge sequence the separator discharges around
approximately 70% of the volume outside the disc stack. The time between each
discharge programmable by the EPC unit, the time between each sludge
discharge can be adjust depending to purifier type, type of oil and type of
viscosity.

The sludge discharge takes place in the separator bowl, through the
sludge ports. Inside the bowl body is the sliding bowl which forming the internal
bottom; the sliding bowl bottom is pressed upwards against a seal ring by the
bowl closing water. When the sludge discharge is produced by the action of the
bowl-opening valve, the sliding bowl is pressed downwards uncovering the
sludge ports, in this moment the sludge and water are discharge outside by
action of the centrifugal force.

In the initiation of the sludge discharge the bowl closing water from MV16
is continuously open, the displacement and condition water from MV10 enters to
the purifier.

The bowl opening water from MV15 water valve is open during 3 seconds.
After the sludge discharge, any water excess inside the bowl leaves by a water
outlet valve. Now the purifier will continue the separation until the next sludge
discharge.

WATER SEAL

The water seal is provided to avoid any escaping of oil by the water outlet
valve. When the separator bowl is filled with water through the water inlet pipe,
before unrepeated oil is supplied, the unseparated oil entering the bowl will force
the water towards the bowl periphery forming the interface between the water
and oil. This interface is determinate by the gravity disc.
GRAVITY DISC AND LEVEL RING

The gravity determines the position of the interface and the free water
level in the separator bowl. The level ring determines the free oil level in the
separator bowl. Only the L.O purifiers are equipment whit gravity discs. Because
the difference of density of L.O is less than the H.F.O.

LUB. OIL PURIFIER AUX. EQUIPMENT

The lub. Oil purifier WHPX 47 is equipped with the following Aux.
Equipment;

 Control unit EPC-41

 Emergency stop box
 Flow/pressure switch
 Flow indicator
 Thermometer
 Pneumatic 3-way valve
 3-way sol. Valve
 pneumatic actuator
 flexible connection for oil in and outlets