2200 2200

P=10

P=0.01
P=0.1
P=1
P=7
P=5
P=4
P=3
P=2
T=1600
2100 ENTHALPY-ENTROPY DIAGRAM 2100

FOR

2000 DRY AIR 2000

T=Temperature, ºC
1900 P=Pressure, MPa 1900
T=1400

1800 1800

T=1300

1700 1700

T=1200
1600 1600

1500 T=1100 1500

1400 1400
T=1000

1300 1300
T=900
Specific enthalpy [kJ/kg]

1200 1200

T=800
T=800
1100 1100

T=700
1000 1000

900 T=600 900

800 T=500 800

700 700
T=400

600 600
T=300

500 500
T=200

400 400
T=100

300 300
T=0

200 200
T= - 100

100 100
T= - 200
P=0.01 P=0.001

0 0
5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5 9.0 9.5 10.0
Specific entropy [kJ/kg K] Produced by I. Aartun, NTNU 2002. Based on the program Allprops,
Center for Applied Thermodynamic Studies, University of Idaho.
 100 Ammonia

T=150

T=200
Ammonia, NH3
Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram
S=Specific Entropy, kJ/kg*K
T=Temperature, ºC

S=8
S=9

S=7
S=5

S=6
10 T=120
T=110 S=10
T=100
T=90
T=80
T=70
T=60
T=50
Pressure [MPa]

T=40
T=30
1 T=20 S=11

T=10

T=0

T=-10

T=-20

S=12
T=-30
0.1
T=-40

T=-50

T=-60
S=13

T=-70
0.01
-1200 -1000 -800 -600 -400 -200 0 200 400 600 800 1000
Produced by I. Aartun, NTNU 2002. Based on the program Allprops,
Enthalpy [kJ/kg] Center for Applied Thermodynamic Studies, University of Idaho.
 100 Carbon dioxide
S=3.8

S=3.9

S=4.0

S=4.1

S=4.2

S=4.3
10
S=4.4

T=20
S=4.5
Pressure [MPa]

T=10

T=200
T=0

T=-10

T=150
T=-20 S=4.7

T=-30

T=100
S=4.8
T=-40
1

T=50
T=-50 S=4.9

T=-56.57
S=2.7

S=2.8

S=2.9

S=3.0

S=3.1

S=3.2

S=3.3

S=3.4

S=3.5

S=3.6

S=3.7

S=3.8

S=3.9

S=4.0

S=4.1

S=4.2
S=5.0

T=0
S=5.1
Carbon dioxide, CO2
Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram

T=-50
S=Specific Entropy, kJ/kg*K S=5.2
T=Temperature, ºC

0.1
300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Produced by I. Aartun, NTNU 2002. Based on the program Allprops,
Enthalpy [kJ/kg] Center for Applied Thermodynamic Studies, University of Idaho.
 Carbon Dioxide: Pressure - Enthalpy Diagram

1,000

240 C
180

280
200

220

260
120

160
t=0 C

100

140
80
40

o
60
-20

o
-40

20
0 00
3
90

00
r= r=8 kg/m 0
0 r = 60

12
0
00 = 70 0
1 sity

r=

50
r= Den r= 50

11
50

00
10

r=
0
r = 40

11
r=

r=
0
r = 30
3
0 kg/m
r = 20

0
-2.00

-1.70

--1.6

0
-1.90

0
-1.80
.30 kJ/kg, oC

-.9
0
s = -2.20

0
- 1 .5

.30

0
.0
r = 150

10
-1.4

-.8
-2.10

-1
-1.
-1

20
-1.
100

0
r = 100

-.7
Entropy = -2

r = 75

0
-.6
Pressure, Bar

r = 50
-.50
r = 35
0
-. 4 r = 25
3
= 20 kg/m
Melting Line

0 Density
-. 3
r =15

0 r = 10
10 -.2
0
-. 1 r=8

240
=
r=6

s
Triple Point (5.18 bar, -56.558 oC)

220
160

200
180
120
100

140
-40 C

40
60
20

80
-20
o

0
Sublimation Line

Copyright © 1999
Drawn with CO 2TabTM ChemicaLogic Corporation
A Spreadsheet Add-in for the Thermodynamic and www.chemicalogic.com
Transport Properties of Carbon Dioxide Enthalpy, kJ/kg
1
-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200
 100 Ethane
Ethane
Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram S=5.0 S=5.5
S=Specific Entropy, kJ/kg*K S=6.0 S=6.5
S=4.0 T=Temperature, ºC

S=4.5
S=7.0

10
Pressure [MPa]

S=7.5
T=20

T=200
T=10
T=0
T=-10
T=-20

T=150
T=-30
1
T=-40 S=8.0

T=-50

T=100
T=-60

T=-70

T=50
T=0
T=-80
T=-50

S=8.5
0.1
-300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
Produced by I. Aartun, NTNU 2002. Based on the program Allprops,
Enthalpy [kJ/kg] Center for Applied Thermodynamic Studies, University of Idaho.
 10 Ethylene
9
8 Ethylene S=7.0

S=6.5
7 Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram

S=6.0
6 S=Specific Entropy, kJ/kg*K

S=5.5
T=Temperature, ºC
5
T=0
4
T=-10
3

S=5.0
T=-20

2 T=-30 S=7.5

T=150
T=-40
S=4.5
Pressure [MPa]

T=-50
S=4.0

T=100
0.9
0.8 T=-60
0.7
0.6
T=-70
0.5

T=50
0.4
T=-80

0.3 S=8.0

T=-90
0.2

T=0
T=-100

T=-50
0.1
300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300
Produced by I. Aartun, NTNU 2002. Based on the program Allprops,
Entalphy [kJ/kg] Center for Applied Thermodynamic Studies, University of Idaho.
 100 Methane
Methane S=-4.0 S=-3.0
Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram
S=Specific Entropy, kJ/kg*K
T=Temperature, ºC

S=-2.0

10

T=200
S=-5.0 S=-1.0
S=-6.0
Pressure [MPa]

T=150
T=-90

T=-100

T=100
T=-110

T=50
T=-120
1
S=0.0
T=-130

T=0
T=-140
T=-170

T=-50
T=-150
T=-100

S=1.0
T=-160
0.1
-1000 -900 -800 -700 -600 -500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500
Produced by I. Aartun, NTNU 2002. Based on the program Allprops,
Enthalpy [kJ/kg] Center for Applied Thermodynamic Studies, University of Idaho.
 P=0.5
P=1
4200

P=2
P=5
T=800

P=10

3
4
P=20
4100
T=750

30
40
4000

P=50
T=700

3900 P=0.2

T=650
3800

T=600
3700

T=550 P=0.1
3600

3500 T=500

3400 T=450
P=0.05

3300
T=400

3200
T=350
Specific enthalpy [kJ/kg]

3100 P=0.02
T=300

3000
T=250

P=0.01
2900
T=200

2800 T=150

P=0.004
2700 T=100

2600 T=50

Saturation line
P=0.001
2500 X=1.0

P=0.000612
2400

X=0.95

2300

X=0.90
2200
Triple point pressure = 0.000612 Mpa (0.018 ºC)

2100 X=0.85

ENTHALPY-ENTROPY DIAGRAM
2000 FOR
X=0.80
STEAM
1900 Liquid at 0 ºC and saturation pressure:
X=0.75 S=0 kJ/K*kg and H=0 kJ/kg

1800
T=Temperature, ºC
X=0.70 P=Pressure, MPa
1700
5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5 9.0

Specific entropy [kJ/kg K] Produced by I. Aartun, NTNU 2001. Based on the program Allprops,
Center for Applied Thermodynamic Studies, University of Idaho.
 100 n-Butane

S=5.0 n-Butane
Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram
S=Specific Entropy, kJ/kg*K
T=Temperature, ºC

10

T=200
S=5.5
Pressure [MPa]

T=150
T=140
T=130
S=4.5
S=4.0

T=120
T=110
T=100
T=90
T=80
1
T=70
T=60
T=50 S=6.0

T=40

T=30

T=20

T=10

T=0
0.1
-100 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
Produced by I. Aartun, NTNU 2002. Based on the program Allprops,
Enthalpy [kJ/kg] Center for Applied Thermodynamic Studies, University of Idaho.
 100 Propane
Propane
Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram
S=5.5
S=Specific Entropy, kJ/kg*K
T=Temperature, ºC

10 S=6.0

S=5.0
S=4.5
S=4.0
Pressure [MPa]

T=90
T=80
T=70

T=200
T=60
T=50
S=6.5
T=40
T=30
1
T=20

T=150
T=10
T=-50

T=0

T=-10

T=-20

T=100
T=-30
T=0

S=7.0

T=50
T=-40
0.1
-220 -180 -140 -100 -60 -20 20 60 100 140 180 220 260 300 340 380 420 460 500 540 580 620 660 700
Produced by I. Aartun, NTNU 2002. Based on the program Allprops,
Enthalpy [kJ/kg] Center for Applied Thermodynamic Studies, University of Idaho.
 10 Propylene
9
8 Propylene
7 Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram

S=6.0
S=5.5
6 S=Specific Entropy, kJ/kg*K
T=Temperature, ºC

S=5.0
5

4 T=30

S=4.5
T=20
3
S=4.0

T=10 S=6.5

T=0

T=200
2
T=-10
Pressure [MPa]

T=-20

T=-30
1
0.9

T=150
0.8 T=-40
0.7
T=-100

0.6 T=-50

0.5
T=-60
0.4

T=-70
0.3

T=100
S=7.0
T=-80
0.2

T=-90

T=50
0.1
-300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
Produced by I. Aartun, NTNU 2002. Based on the program Allprops,
Enthalpy [kJ/kg] Center for Applied Thermodynamic Studies, University of Idaho.
 10 R-134a
9
8 R-134a
7

S=1.8
Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram S=1.9

S=1.7
6

S=1.6
S=Specific Entropy, kJ/kg*K

S=1.5
5 T=Temperature, ºC

S=1.4
4

S=1.3
S=2.0

S=1.2
T=90

S=1.1
3
S=1.0 T=80
S=0.9

T=70
2
T=60
S=2.1
Pressure [MPa]

T=50

T=40
1

T=200
0.9
T=30
0.8

T=190
0.7
0.6 T=20

T=180
0.5

T=170
T=10 S=2.2
0.4

T=160
T=0
0.3

T=150
T=-40

T=-30

T=140
T=-10
0.2

T=130
T=120
T=-20

T=110
0.1
140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 400 420 440 460 480 500 520 540 560 580 600
Produced by E. Hansen and I. Aartun, NTNU 1999. Based on the program
Enthalpy [kJ/kg] Allprops, Center for Applied Thermodynamic Studies, University of Idaho.