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Complications During Labor and Delivery

This document discusses complications that can occur during labor and delivery, specifically dystocia or abnormal/difficult labor. It defines dystocia and identifies the four major abnormalities associated with dysfunctional labor patterns: problems with the powers (uterine contractions), passenger (fetus), passageway (maternal pelvis), and psyche (maternal stress). For each category, it provides examples like hypertonic/hypotonic uterine dysfunction, persistent occiput posterior position, breech presentation, and shoulder dystocia. It also lists factors that can increase the risk of dystocia, such as epidural use, fetal size over 8.8 lbs, and maternal age over 35.

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MA. JYRELL BONITO
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211 views27 pages

Complications During Labor and Delivery

This document discusses complications that can occur during labor and delivery, specifically dystocia or abnormal/difficult labor. It defines dystocia and identifies the four major abnormalities associated with dysfunctional labor patterns: problems with the powers (uterine contractions), passenger (fetus), passageway (maternal pelvis), and psyche (maternal stress). For each category, it provides examples like hypertonic/hypotonic uterine dysfunction, persistent occiput posterior position, breech presentation, and shoulder dystocia. It also lists factors that can increase the risk of dystocia, such as epidural use, fetal size over 8.8 lbs, and maternal age over 35.

Uploaded by

MA. JYRELL BONITO
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMPLICATIONS

DURING LABOR AND


DELIVERY
Learning Objectives
1. Define dystocia.
2. Identify the four major abnormalities or
problems associated with dysfunctional
labor patterns, giving examples of each
problem.
3. Describe the nursing management for
the woman with dysfunctional labor
experiencing a problem with the powers,
passenger, passageway, and psyche.
DYSTOCIA
 abnormal or difficult labor
 exist when the progress of labor deviates
from normal; it is characterized by a
slow and abnormal progression of labor.
 It is usually during the active phase of
labor becomes apparent.
DYSTOCIA
 the term “failure to progress” is often
used.
 This term includes lack of progressive
cervical dilation, lack of descent of the
fetal head, or both
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED
DYSTOCIA

 epidural analgesia
 excessive analgesia
 multiple gestation
 hydramnios
 maternal exhaustion
 ineffective maternal pushing technique
 occiput posterior position
 longer first stage of labor
 nulliparity
 short maternal stature (less than 5 feet tall),
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED
DYSTOCIA

 fetal birth weight (more than 8.8 lb)


 shoulder dystocia
 abnormal fetal presentation or position (breech)
 fetal anomalies (hydrocephalus)
 maternal age older than 35 years
 gestational age more than 41 weeks
 chorioamnionitis
 ineffective uterine contractions
 high fetal station at complete cervical dilation.
 Dystocia can result from problems or
abnormalities involving
 the expulsive forces (known as the
“powers”);
 presentation, position, and fetal
development (the “passenger”);
 the maternal bony pelvis or birth canal
(the “passageway”);
 maternal stress (the “psyche”).
PROBLEMS IN POWER
 Hypertonic Uterine Dysfunction
 Hypotonic Uterine Dysfunction

 Precipitous Labor
PROBLEMS IN POWER
PROBLEMS IN POWER
PROBLEMS IN POWER
PROBLEMS IN POWER
PROBLEMS WITH THE
PASSENGER
 Persistent Occiput Posterior Position
 Face and Brow Presentations

 Breech Presentation

 Shoulder Dystocia

 Multiple Gestation

 Excessive Fetal Size and

Abnormalities
Persistent Occiput Posterior
Position
PROBLEMS WITH THE
PASSENGER
PROBLEMS WITH THE
PASSENGER
Face and Brow Position
Breech Presentation
PROBLEMS WITH THE
PASSENGER
PROBLEMS WITH THE
PASSENGER
Shoulder Dystocia
PROBLEMS WITH THE
PASSENGER
PROBLEMS WITH THE
PASSENGER
PROBLEMS WITH THE
PASSENGER
PROBLEMS WITH THE PSYCHE

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