SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Pre-Calculus
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
Conic Sections: Circle and
Parabola
Pre-Calculus – Grade 11
Quarter 1 – Module 1: Conic Sections: Circle and Parabola
First Edition, 2021

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Reviewer: Alona E. Flores
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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Pre-Calculus
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
Conic Sections: Circle and
Parabola
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our
dear learners, can continue your studies and learn while at
home. Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and
discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each
lesson.
Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide
you step-by-step as you discover and understand the lesson
prepared for you.
Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on
lessons in each SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on
completing this module or if you need to ask your facilitator or
your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson.
At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to
self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each
activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these.
In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher
are also provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and
reminders on how they can best help you on your home-based
learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks
on any part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in
answering the exercises and tests. And read the instructions
carefully before performing each task.
If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in
answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult
your teacher or facilitator.
Thank you.

ii
 Let Us Learn!

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to
help you master how to formulate and solve accurately situational problems
involving conic sections. The scope of this module permits it to be used in
many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse
vocabulary level of students. The lessons are also arranged to follow the
standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can
be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

This module has two lessons.

 Lesson 1: Introduction of Conic Sections and the Circle

At the end of the first lesson, you are expected to:
1. illustrates the different types of conic sections:
parabola, ellipse, circle, hyperbola, and degenerate
cases; (STEM_PC11AG-Ia-1)
2. define a circle; and (STEM_PC11AG-Ia-2)
3. determine the standard form of equation of a circle.
(STEM_PC11AG-Ia-3)
 Lesson 2: The Parabola
At the end of second lesson, you are expected to:
1. define a parabola; and (STEM_PC11AG-Ia-5)
2. determine the standard form of equation of a parabola.
(STEM_PC11AG-Ib-1)

1
 Lesson
Conic Sections and the
1 Circle

Let Us Try!
Start your engines with this short quiz!

1. Is any curve obtained as the intersection of the surface of a cone with a

plane.
a. truncation c. sector
b. conic section d. solid figures

2. For a section made by a plane perpendicular to the axis of the cone, a

__________ is produced.
a. ellipse c. circle
b. parabola d. hyperbola

3. It signifies the constant ratio between the distance from the focus to a
point in the conic and the distance between that point to the directrix.
a. eccentricity c. transverse axes
b. latus rectum d. vertex

4. The constant distance of any point in the circle to its center is called the
_______ of a circle.
a. locus c. diameter
b. focal point d. radius

5. Which of the following is the standard equation of a cricle whose center is

at C(h,k)?
a. ( x−k)2 +( y−h)2=r 2 c. (x−h)2 +( y−k )2=r 2
b. x 2+ y 2=r d. x 2+ y 2=r 2

Let Us Study

2
Conic Sections
A conic section (or simply conic) is a curve obtained as the
intersection of the surface of a cone with a plane. A cone has two identically
shaped parts called nappes. One can imagine that a cone is formed by
rotating a slant line on a vertical axis as shown in Figure 1. One nappe is
what most people mean by “cone,” and has the shape of a party hat. The
three types of conic sections are the hyperbola, the parabola, and the
ellipse. The circle is type of ellipse, and is sometimes considered to be a
fourth type of conic section (Figure 2).

Figure 1. Parts of the Cone Figure 2. Conic

Sections

The shape of the conic will depend on the position of the cutting
plane. If the plane is parallel to the base of the cone, the conic is a circle.

Figure 3. CIRCLE

3
 If the curve is formed by the intersection of a plane and a cone where
the plane is parallel to the generator line or the side of the cone, the conic
section is a Parabola.

Figure 4. PARABOLA

The Ellipse is a conic section formed by the plane being at an angle to

the base of the cone.

Figure 5. ELLIPSE

The conic section formed by the plane being perpendicular to the base
of the cone is called the Hyperbola.

Figure 6. HYPERBOLA

Other exceptional types of conic sections are called degenerate conics

which include the intersection of both right circular cones and a plane
passing through the vertex of the cones as shown in the figure below. (point,
one line and two lines)

4
 Figure 7. Degenerate Conics

Definition:

We shall study the parabola, ellipse and hyperbola by analytical

methods. Analytically, a conic section is defined as a path of a point which
moves so that its distance from a fixed point called focus is in a constant
ratio with its distance from a fixed line called the directrix. The constant
ratio is called the eccentricity.

To illustrate this, let’s look at this conic.

Figure 8. Parabola and its parts

In figure 8, the line through F parallel to the directrix is called latus

rectum. The line through F perpendicular to the directrix is called the axis
of symmetry and the point where this line intersects the conic is the
vertex. These parts and their functions will be further discussed in the next
lessons.

By referring to the same illustration, we let F be the focus, P be any point on

the conic, S be any point on the directrix and e the eccentricity.

FP
=e
SP

or FP=e ⦁ SP

5
This shows the constant ratio discussed above, which is true for all conic
sections. Conics are classified according to the value of e.

When e < 1, the conic is an ellipse

When e = 1, the conic is a parabola;

When e > 1, the conic is a hyperbola;

When e tends to 0, it means that the ellipse approaches a circle as a limiting

shape. The circle may therefore be considered as a special case of the
ellipse.

THE CIRCLE

A circle is a plane figure bounded by one curved line, such that all
straight lines drawn from a certain point called its center (h,k) to the
bounding curved line called circumference, are equal in length. The
straight line drawn from the center to any point (x,y) in the circle’s
circumference is called the radius (plural: radii). Two connected radii that
make up a straight segment that passes through the center and whose
endpoints lie on the circle is called the diameter of the circle.

Recall: Using the distance formula

√( x 2−x 1)2 +( y 2− y 1)2 =d , We can derive the
standard equation of a circle. √ (x−h)2 +( y−k )2=r

Squaring each side of this equation,

r 2=( x−h)2 +( y−k )2
we now have standard form of the equation of a
circle. Figure 8. Parts
of the Circle

Standard Form of the Equation of a Circle, center at the (h, k)

A point (x, y) lies on the circle of radius r and center (h, k) if and only if
2 2 2
r =( x−h) +( y−k )
Standard Form of the Equation of a Circle, center at the origin.
A point (x, y) lies on the circle of radius r and center (0, 0) if and only if
2 2 2
r =x + y

Example 1: Sketch the graph of the circle x 2+ y 2=4 .

6
Since the equation of the circle is of the form x 2+ y 2=r 2, we know that the
center of the circle is at the origin (0,0) and the radius is r 2=4 → √ r 2=√ 4
→ r=2

Thus the graph looks like this:

Figure 9. Graph of x 2+ y 2=4 .

Example 2: Sketch the graph of the circle 16=( x−2)2 +( y −3)2
The circle is of the formr 2=( x−h)2 +( y−k )2 thus, the center is at (2,3) and the
radius is at r = √ 16=4 .

Figure 9. Graph of 16=( x−2)2 +( y −3)2

Example 3: Find the equation of a circle whose center is at (-4,5) and the
radius is 6.

Solution: Since the center of the circle is not at the origin, it follows the form
r 2=( x−h)2 +( y−k )2.

The radius is r = 6, thus r2 = 62 = 36.

Hence, the equation of the circle is ( x +4 )2 +( y−5)2=36

7
Example 4: The point (2, 2) lies on a circle whose
center is at (-1, 2). Write the standard form of the
equation of this circle.

Solution: Find the distance between (-1, 2) and (2, 2)

using distance formula to get the radius r of this
circle.

r =√( x−h) +( y −k )
2 2

r =√(2+1)2 +(2−2)2 Simplify

r =√ 3 + 0
2 2

r =√ 9+0 thus, we have r =√ 9 or r =3

We can now use the value of r and center (-1,2) to get the equation of the
circle.

r 2=( x−h)2 +( y−k )2 Substitute

2 2 2
3 =( x−(−1)) +( y −2) Simplify

(x +1)¿ ¿2 +( y−2)2=9 Equation of the circle with center (-1,2).

General Equation
The general equation of second degree is of the form

2 2
A x + B xy +Cy + Dx+ Ey + F=0
If A=C and B=0, then the equation becomes
2 2
A x + Ay + Dx+ Ey+ F=0
which can be reduced to the standard form by dividing through by A and
then completing the squares in x and y.

When divided through by A, this becomes

2 2 D E F
x +y + x + y + =0 or
A A A
2 2
x + y +dx +ey + f =0

The general equation of a circle may be taken in this form.

8
Example 5: Reduce to standard form and draw the circle of whose equation
is
2 2
4 x +4 y −20 x+ 4 y−55=0

Solution: Divide through by 4 and the equation becomes

55
x 2 + y 2−5 x + y− =0
4
Transpose the constant term to the right
2 2 55
x + y −5 x + y=
4
Complete squares in x and y.
2 25 2 1 55 25 1
x −5 x+ + y + y+ = + + Simplify
4 4 4 4 4
2 2 2
5 1 9
(x− ) +( y+ ) =( ) Factored form
2 2 2

This equation of the circle is now in

5 1
standard form with center at ( ,− )
2 2
9
and radius r is .
2

Directed distance from a point to a line

Example 6: Find the equation of the circle whose center is at the origin and
tangent to the line 3x + 2y =12.

Solution: The radius of the circle is the directed distance from the line 3x +
2y =12. We need to write the equation of the line in general form (Ax + By +
C = 0), which is 3x + 2y – 12 = 0 and use the directed distance from a point
to a line formula to find the radius.

|A x 1 +B y 1 +C|
r=
√ A 2+ B 2

9
where ( x 1 , y 1) is the center of the circle.

Substitute A= 3, B= 2 and C= -12 with center (0,0)

| A x 1 +B y 1 +C|
r=
√ A 2+ B 2
|(3)(0)+(2)(0)+(−12)|
r= Substituting the known values
√ 32 +22
|(0)+( 0)−12¿|
r= Simplify
√ 9+ 4
|−12¿| 12
r= thus, we have r =
√13 √ 13

Using this value, we can now form equation of the circle.

Since we have a circle with center at the origin (0,0), we follow the for
x 2+ y 2=r 2 and therefore, the equation of our circle is

12
x 2+ y 2=
√13

Let Us Practice

Activity 1.1 Guided Practice

Let’s put what we’ve learned to practice. Follow the given examples
and fill in the blanks to complete the solutions.

10
1. Find the equation of a circle with center at (-4,2) and tangent to the line
2 x− y +2=0.
Solution: The radius of the circle is equal to the distance of the center (-4,2)
to the tangent line 2 x− y +2=0. Applying the directed distance formula, we
have

| A x 1 +B y 1 +C|
r= Substitute the values of A, B, C and center ( x 1 , y 1)
√ A 2+ B 2
|2 (−4 ) (−2)+2|
r= Simplify
√ 22+(−1)2
8√5
r=
5
Now, substitute the known values to the standard equation of the circle and
we have
2 2 2
r =( x−h) +( y−k )
2 2
(x +4 ) +( y−2) =12.8

2. Determine the equation of a circle with the points (6,-1) & (-2,3) as the
ends of the diameter.

Solution: We have 2 points in the circle on both

ends of the diameter, which follows that the
center of the circle is the midpoint of this two
points since the diameter is made up of two radii.

Calculating the center using midpoint formula:

6 +(−2) 4 −1+ 3 2
h= = =2 k= = =1
2 2 2 2
Hence we have the center C(2,1). To get the radius, we will use distance
formula to get the distance between the center to one of the points.

r =√(6−2)2 +(−1−1)2
r =√(4 )2+(−2)2 Simplify
r =√16 +4
r =√20 or r =¿ 2 √ 5

11
Finally, the standard equation of the circle is
r 2=( x−h)2 +( y−k )2

3. Find the equation of a circle with center at (1,4) and radius 5.

Solution: Follow the standard equation of a circle
r 2=( x−h)2 +( y−k )2
¿¿

4. Reduce the equation x 2+ y 2+ 4 x−6 y −12=0 to standard form and find the
center and radius of the circle.
Solution: Regroup the terms and complete the square on both sides
2 2
x + 4 x + y −6 y =12
2
x + 4 x + ¿−6 y +¿ 12+___+___
¿¿

5. Find the equation of the circle with center at (-4,-5) and tangent to the
line 2 x+7 y −10=0 .
Solution: Directed distance formula
| A x 1 +B y 1 +C|
r= Substitue the values of A, B, C and center ( x 1 , y 1)
√ A 2+ B 2
r =¿ ¿ Simplify
r =¿
Finally, the standard equation of the circle is
2 2 2
r =( x−h) +( y−k )

¿¿

Let Us Practice More

Activity 2.1 Independent Practice
“Sweat more in practice, bleed less in war.” Let’s sharpen our skills
more by answering this fun exercises!

12
Instructions: Choose the letter corresponding to the correct answer from the
response pool and write them in the box provided below in order to break
the code. Show your solution process in a separate sheet of paper.

A. x 2+ y 2+ 4 x−6 y −12=0 O. (x +3)2+( y−6)2 =16

1 2
C.(x +3)2+( y−6)2 =16 R. (x +5)2+( y− ) =22.25
2
2
1
E. (x− ) +( y −2)2 =10.25 S. 4 x2 + 4 y 2 +20 x−36 y−16=0
2
G. x 2+ y 2−6 x+ 2 y −8=0 U. (x−2)2+( y +5)2=2

2 2
L. ( x−4) +( y −7) =
√ 41 V.
2
1. Find the standard equation of the circle with center (-3,6) and radius 4.

2. Find the standard equation of the circle with center at (2,-5) and whose
radius touches the point (3,4).

3. Convert this general equation of a circle to the standard form:

2 2
5 x +5 y +10 x−5 y +3=0.

4. Find the standard equation of the circle with center at (-1,7) and tangent
to the line 3 x−4 y+ 6=0.

5. Find the equation of a circle having (3,0) and (-2,-4) as ends of its
diameter.

1 2 3 4 5

CODE

These kind of lines are mostly discussed in the

concepts of analytical geometry as this field of
math establishes a correspondence between
Hint geometric figures and algebraic equations. The
importance of these lines is also studied in
calculus where it’s abstract to practical
applications are explored.

13
Let Us Remember
Awesome! Now, let us gather what we have learned.
Instructions: Arrange the rumbled letters to answer the items below.

1. A __________ is a curve obtained as the intersection of the surface of a

cone with a plane. (NOCCI CTNOIES)

2. If the plane is parallel to the base of the cone, the conic is a __________.
(RCELIC)
3. The Circle is composed of points that are ___________ to its center.
(EQSUDAITNIT)

4. The conic section formed by the plane being perpendicular to the base of
the cone is called the ___________. (OLPBHYREA)

5. Cases of conic sections that do not follow the the standard form of
equation. ______________ (EDGENARETE CNIOCS)

6. The constant ratio characterizing the shape of a conic section.

_____________ (CECTENIRYCTI)

7. If the conics’ eccentricity is equal to 1, the conic is said to be a

______________ (BALOAPAR)

8. The turning point of a curved shape ____________ (ERXETV)

9. The radius of a circle can be measured by this formula. ___________

(ETSACIND ALMROFU)

10. If two points in a circle is joined by a segment, its diameter, it means

that the circle’s center is the segment’s ___________. (NIMPTOID)

Let Us Assess

Let’s check how far you’ve gone. Choose the letter of the best answer.

1. The following are types of conic sections except ___________.

a. parabola c. directrix
b. ellipse d. hyperbola

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2. For a section made by a plane parallel to the slant height of the cone, a
__________ is produced.
a. parabola c. directrix
b. ellipse d. hyperbola

3. Can eccentricity be either a negative or positive number?

a. Yes, it wont matter
b. No, because it’s impossible to have a negative distance
c. Depends on the conic section
d. No possible answer

4. The unit circle is a circle that has the radius of _____ and center at
_______.
a. 1, (1,1) c. 1, (0,0)
b. 1, (1,0) d. 0, (0,0)

5. The process by which we can convert the general equation of the circle in
the form x 2 + y 2 +dx +ey + f =0 to the standard equation is _______________.
a. completing the square c. factoring
b. integration d. quadratic formula

Let Us Enhance
Time to enrich our knowledge. Analyze the given problems. Draw a
sketch of each problem and show your detailed solution.

1. A food hub offers free delivery to customers within 4 miles reach from its
location. The hub is located 4 miles west and 6 miles north of Jane’s house.

a. Sketch the graph to represent this situation if Jane’s house is at the

origin of the coordinate system.
b. Write the equation describing the circle of the food hub’s reach.
b. Can Jane get free delivery if she orders milk tea from the hub?
2. A circular garden has a diameter of 4 ft. If the center position of a garden
from a small cottage is 5 feet to the west and 2 feet to the south. What is the
equation of a circular garden?

Let Us Reflect

15
 The study of conic sections is important not only for mathematics,
physics, and astronomy, but also for a variety of engineering applications.
The smoothness of conic sections is an important property for its
applications from constructing buildings and statues which use conics as
support systems even in describing the orbits of planets, moons and
satellites in our universe. We might not notice it, but these simple curves
make up almost everything that we see around us!

Lesson
2 The Parabola

Let Us Try!
Knowledge check! Choose the letter of the best answer.

1. The undirected distance from the vertex to the focus of the parabola is
represented by ___ which is always considered as positive
a. e c. y
b. p d. k

2. This is the standard equation of a parabola with vertex at the origin, axis
on the x-axis, focus at (p,0) and directrix at x = -p
a. x 2=4 px c. y 2=4 px
b. y 2=4 py d. x 2=4 py

3. Which among the following does not constitute a parabola?

a. Projectile Motion
b. Bottom support of the Eiffel Tower
c. A downward U-shaped path in a Roller Coaster
d. A car tire

4. If a parabola with center at the origin opens downward, it means that:

a. the focus is at (0, p) c. the focus is at (0, -p)
b. the focus is at (p, 0) d. the focus is at (-p,0)

5. By inspection, the parabola of the equation ¿ will likely _________

a. open to the left c. open downward
b. open to the right d. open upward

16
 Let Us Study

The Parabola

Why are we interested in locating the focal point of the parabola? In

addition to mathematics, the parabolic curve is present in physics,
astronomy, wireless communications, industry, solar energy, engineering,
and even optical illusions. Applications of parabolic curves often require
specific information about the curve including the focal point. Consider this
example which utilizes the focus of a parabola.

Figure 1. Parabolic Dish (Source:

https://mathbitsnotebook.com/Algebra2/Quadratics/QDParabolaApp
lied.html)

A parabolic dish (or parabolic reflector) is a curved surface with a

cross-sectional shape of a parabola used to direct light or sound waves. (The
3-D shape is called a paraboloid.) Any sound waves entering a parabolic dish
parallel to the axis of symmetry and hitting the inner surface of the dish are
reflected back to the focus. Radio telescope antennas and satellite dishes

17
use this concept by placing a receiver at the focal point to obtain a
concentrated signal.

In a similar manner, the parabolic reflector in a flashlight

concentrates the light emitted by the bulb, located at the focal point, into a
directed beam of light This same principle is at work in your car's headlights
and in spotlights.

Figure 2: Flashlight with parabolic reflector. (Source:

https://mathbitsnotebook.com/Algebra2/Quadratics/QDParabolaApplied.html)

Where the sound waves were being received by the parabolic dish, the
parabolic reflector in a flashlight is directing the light waves outward.

The parabola is a conic section whose eccentricity is 1. In other words,

it is the curve of points equidistant from a fixed point and a fixed line. As
discussed in the previous lesson, the fixed point in this conic is called the
focus (plural: foci) and the fixed line is called the directrix.

Figure 3: Parts of the Parabola

18
 Let’s look at this illustration of a parabola at Figure 3. We denote the
undirected distance from the vertex to the focus by the letter p. p will
always be considered as positive.

In this figure, note that:

 The distance from the vertex to the focus is |𝒑|.

 The distance from the directrix to the vertex is also |𝒑|.
 The line segment joining two points on a parabola which passes
through the focus and is perpendicular to its axis of symmetry is
called the latus rectum.
 The distance from the focus to one endpoint of the latusrectum is
|𝟐𝒑|. The length of the latus rectum is |𝟒𝒑| we have the vertex at
the origin (0,0) and the focus at (p,0).
 The axis of the parabola is the x-axis and the line x=− p will be the
directrix.

This is the standard equation of a parabola with vertex at the origin, axis on
the x-axis, focus at (p,0) and directrix at x=− p and opening to the right. Its
graph

y 2=4 px

We can observe on the illustration that the trend and orientation of a

parabola’s graph depends on its origin, the placement of it’s focus and its
axis.

Parabola with vertex at (h,k)

Just like in the circle, there are cases when the parabola is not located
at the origin. Say we have a parabola whose vertex is at (h,k) and axis is
parallel to the x-axis which is opening to the right. The standard equation
for this parabola is

( y−k )2=4 p ( x−h)

To better understand the different orientations and trends of the parabola,

refer to this table and the illustrations shown below.

For parabola with vertex at (0,0)

19
If the equation of parabola is of the form x 2=4 py , then …

Opening of the graph If p > 0, the parabola If p < 0, the parabola

opens upward opens downward
Vertex (0,0)
Focus (0 , p) (0 ,−p)
Axis of Symmetry x=0
Directrix y=−p y= p
Endpoints of Latus Rectum (−2 p , p)and (2 p , p)
Length of Latus Rectum |4 p|

If the equation of parabola is of the form y 2=4 px, then …

Opening of the graph If p > 0, the parabola If p < 0, the parabola

opens to the right opens to the left
Vertex (0,0)
Focus ( p , 0) (− p , 0)
Axis of Symmetry y=k
Directrix x=− p x= p
Endpoints of Latus Rectum ( p , 2 p)and ( p ,−2 p)
Length of Latus Rectum |4 p|

Graph of x 2=4 py Graph of x 2=−4 py

20
 Graph of y 2=4 px Graph of y 2=−4 px

Example 1: Locate the vertex, focus, and ends of the latus rectum and find
the equation of the directrix, then draw the parabola whose equation is
2
x =−6 y

Solution:
Following the standard form of the equation of a parabola, we have
−3
−6=4 p so p= . Since p<0 , the parabola opens downward
2
3
Focus: ( 0 , p )=(0 ,− )
2
3 3
Ends of the Latus Rectum: (3 ,− )and (−3 ,− )
2 2
3
Equation of the directrix: y=−p=
2

Graph:

Example 2: Graph  y 2=−16 x . Identify and label the focus, directrix,

and endpoints of the focal diameter.
Solution:

21
−16=4 p so p=−4 . Since p<0 , and the axis of symmetry is the x-axis,
the parabola opens to the left.
Focus: ( 0 , p )=(0 ,−4)
Ends of the Latus Rectum: (−4,8)and (−4 ,−8)
Equation of the directrix: x=− p=4

Graph:

For parabola with vertex at (h,k)

If the equation of parabola is ( x−h)2=4 p( y −k ), then …

Opening of the graph If p > 0, the parabola If p < 0, the parabola

opens upward opens downward
Vertex (h , k )
Focus (h , k + p) (h , k − p)
Axis of Symmetry x=h
Directrix y=k− p y=k + p
Endpoints of Latus Rectum (−2 p , k + p)and (2 p , k + p)
Length of Latus Rectum |4 p|
If the equation of parabola is ( y−k )2=4 p ( x−h), then …

Opening of the graph If p > 0, the parabola If p < 0, the parabola

opens to the right opens to the left
Vertex (h , k )
Focus (h+ p , k ) (h− p , k )
Axis of Symmetry y=k
Directrix x=h− p x=h+ p
Endpoints of Latus Rectum (h+ p , k −2 p)and (h+ p , k +2 p)
Length of Latus Rectum |4 p|

22
Graph of ( x−h)2=4 p( y −k ) Graph of ( x−h)2=−4 p( y −k )a

Graph of ( y−k )2=4 p (x−h) Graph of ( y−k )2=−4 p (x−h)

Example 3: Locate the vertex, focus, and endpoints of the latus rectum and
find the equation of the directrix, then draw the parabola whoe equation is
3 y +4 x =−2 x 2−14 .
Solution:
Following the standard form of the equation of a parabola, we have
3 y +4 x so 3 y +4 x . Since 3 y +4 x , the parabola opens down

(
Focus: −1 ,− )35
8
Endpoints of the Latus Rectum:
Equation of the directrix:

23
Example 4: Locate the vertex, focus, and endpoints of the latus rectum and
find the equation of the directrix, then draw the parabola whoe equation is
2
x=−2 ( y +2 ) .
Solution:
Following the standard form of the equation of a parabola, we have
3 y +4 x so 3 y +4 x . Since 3 y +4 x , the parabola opens down

Focus: ( −1
8 )
,−2

Endpoints of the Latus Rectum:

Equation of the directrix:

Let Us Practice
Direction: Fill in the needed values in each part and sketch the graph of
each equation.

24
 −1
1. y=−( x+3 )2−1 3. x= ( y +2 )2
4
Solution: Solution:
Vertex: (-3, -1) Vertex: (0 ,−2)

(
Focus: −3.− )
5
4
Focus: (−1 ,−2 )

Axis of Symmetry: x=−3 Axis of Symmetry: y=−2

−3
Directrix: y= Directrix: x=1
4
Graph: Graph:

−1
2. ( x−3 ) =( y+ 5 )2 4. −( y +2 )= ( x−2 )2
3
Solution: Solution:
Vertex: (3, -5) Vertex: (2 ,−2)

Focus:( 35
12 )
,−5 Focus: 2 ,− (9
4 )
Axis of Symmetry: y=−3 Axis of Symmetry: (x=2)
37 −7
Directrix: x= Directrix: y=
12 4

25
 Graph: Graph:

Let Us Practice More

Identify the vertex, focus, axis of symmetry, directrix, direction of

opening, min/max value, length of the latus rectum, and the x- and y-
intercepts of each.
−1
1. −2 x2 −4 x + y +70=0 3. ( x+ 1 )=( y +3 )2
4
2. 2 y 2+ x +20 y +51=0

Let Us Remember

Awesome! Now, let us gather what we have learned.

If the equation of parabola is ( x−h )2=−4 p ( y−k ), then . . .

Opening of the graph If p>0, the parabola If p<0, the parabola

opens upward opens downward
1
Vertex
2 3
Focus
4
Axis of Symmetry
5 6
Directrix
7
Endpoints of Latus
Rectum
8
Length of Latus Rectum

If the equation of parabola is ( x−h )2=−4 p ( y−k ), then . . .

26
Opening of the graph If p>0, the parabola If p<0, the parabola
opens to the right opens to the left
9
Vertex
10 11
Focus
12
Axis of Symmetry
13 14
Directrix
15
Endpoints of Latus
Rectum
Length of Latus Rectum |4 p|

Let Us Assess
Let’s check how far you’ve gone. Choose the letter of the
best answer.

1. Which of the following illustrates parabola?

a. Firing a missile c. Predicting profit
b. Ocean waves d. Population growth

2. It is a curve where any point is at an equal distance from a

fixed point, and a fixed straight line.
a. Circle c. Ellipse
b. Parabola d. Hyperbola

3. What is the opening of the graph of ( y−1)2=−4 ( x +1 )?

a. Opens upward c. Opens to the left
b. Opens downward d. Opens to the right

4. Determine the vertex and focus of (x +5)2=8 ( y−3 ).

a. Vertex at (5,3) and the focus at (5,5)
b. Vertex at (5,-3) and the focus at (5,5)
c. Vertex at (-5,3) and the focus at (-5,5)
d. Vertex at (-5,-3) and the focus at (-5,5)

5. The receiving dish of a cable TV is in the shape of a paraboloid

of revolution. Find the location of the receiver which is placed at
the focus if the dish is 8 feet across and 2 feet deep. Which
equation best describes the problem?

27
a. y 2=8 x c. . x 2=−8 y
b. y 2=−8 x d. x 2=8 y

Let Us Enhance

Direction: Using the information given on each item, write the standard form
equation of each ellipse.
1. Mrs. Flores recently subscribed in a tv cable plan at GSAT Company. The
receiving dish of the GSAT Cable is in the shape of a paraboloid of
revolution. Find the location of the receiver which is placed at the focus if
the dish is 12 feet across and 3 feet deep.
2. The recently made suspension bridge cables in New Bataan Hydro plant
are in the shape of a parabola. The distance between two towers supporting
the cable are 800 feet apart and the height is 200 feet. If the vertical support
cables are at 100 feet intervals along the level roadway, what are the lengths
of these vertical cables?

Let Us Reflect
The concept of parabola is mostly used in building and in the world
of physics. To cite, bridges are mostly built in a parabolic shape to ensure
that each bridge stays up and the installed cables can sustain the weight of
hundreds of cars and trucks each hour. Both gravity and
compression/tension forces create the curve seen in the cables of
suspension bridges. The parabolic cables effectively distribute the weight of
the bridge and transfer the compression forces to the towers to which the
cables are attached. Also, satellite dishes were designed in a paraboloid
structure so that the signal from the satellite is reflected to the center of the
dish. This strengthens the signal. Parabolic microphones are often used at
sporting events so that noises on the field can be heard more clearly on the
sidelines. Flashlights and headlights also use this property in reverse. With
the light at the focus of the paraboloid, all the light is reflected straight
ahead, thus concentrating the beam of light.

28
 Answer key to Activities
Answer Key
LESSON 1

Let us Try Let Us Remember Let Us Assess

1. B 1. CONIC SECTION 1. C
2. C 2. CIRCLE 2. A
3. A 3. EQUIDISTANT 3. B
4. HYPERBOLA
4. D 4. C
5. DEGENERATE
5. C 5. A
CONICS
6. ECCENTRICITY
7. PARABOLA
8. VERTEX
9. DISTANCE FORMULA
10. MIDPOINT

Let us Practice More

1. C. (x +3)2+( y−6)2 =16

2. U. ( x−2)2+( y +5)2=2

1 2
3. R. (x +5)2+( y− ) =22.25
2
4. V .(x +1)2 +( y−7)2=25

1 2
5. E .(x− ) +( y−2)2 =10.25
2
CODE: CURVE

Let us Practice

2. (x−2)2+( y −1)2=2 0

3. (x−1)2+( y−4)2=2 5

4. Solution: x 2+ 4 x + y 2−6 y =12

x 2+ 4 x +4 + y 2−6 y + 9=12+ 4+9
2 2
( x +2) +( y−3) =25
5. r =√53 ; (x +4 )2 +( y +5)2=53

29
LESSON 2

Let Us Practice More

30
Let Us Practice More Let Us Enhance

1.Vertex (−1 ,−72) 1.(0, 3)

2.
(
Focus: −1 ,−
575
8 ) x y
100 12.5
Axis of Symmetry: x=−1 200 50
300 112.5
−577 400 200
Directrix: y=
8
2. Vertex (−1 ,−5)

Focus: ( −98 ,−5)

Axis of Symmetry: y=−5

−7
Directrix: x=
8
3. Vertex (−1 ,−3)

Focus: ( −17
16
,−3 )

If the equation of parabola is ( x−h )2=−4 p ( y−k ), then . . .

Opening of the graph If p>0, the parabola If p<0, the parabola

opens upward opens downward
1
Vertex (h,k)
2 3
Focus (h, k+p) (h, k-p)
4
Axis of Symmetry x=h
5 6
Directrix y=k-p y=k+p
7
Endpoints of Latus (-2p, k+p) and (2p, k+p)
Rectum
Length of Latus Rectum 8
|4 p|
If the equation of parabola is ( x−h )2=−4 p ( y−k ), then . . .

Opening of the graph If p>0, the parabola If p<0, the parabola

opens to the right opens to the left
9
Vertex (h,k)
10 11
Focus (h+p, k) (h-p, k)
12
Axis of Symmetry y=k
13 14
Directrix x=h-p x=h+p
15
Endpoints of Latus (h+p, k-2p) and (h+p, k-2p)
Rectum
Length of Latus Rectum |4 p|

31
 References

Pre-Calculus, Learner’s Manual, Department of Education

Demetrio A. Quirino Jr., Jose M. Mijares, Plane and Solid Analytic Geometry. Royal
Publishing House, Inc. 102-149
Marv V. Agot and Alex M. Acedera, Pre-Calculus: Analytic Geometry, Department of
Education, 2020
Geric D. Del Rosario, Pre-Calculus: Equation of Circle, Department of Education, 2020
Geric D. Del Rosario, Pre-Calculus: Parabolas, Department of Education, 2020

32
Para sa mga katanungan o puna, sumulat o tumawag sa:

Department of Education – Region XI (DepEd- XI)

Office Address: F. Torres St., Davao City

Telefax: (082) 291-1665; (082) 221-6147

E-mail Address: [email protected] * lrms.regionxi.deped.gov.ph