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Tutorial Sheets For Thermodynamics 02

This document contains 16 multiple-part thermodynamics problems involving concepts like work, heat transfer, processes involving gases, and nozzles. The problems calculate quantities like work, heat, temperature, pressure, velocity and cross-sectional areas given initial and final states and process information for systems involving gases.

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Aditya raj sachdev
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© © All Rights Reserved
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159 views

Tutorial Sheets For Thermodynamics 02

This document contains 16 multiple-part thermodynamics problems involving concepts like work, heat transfer, processes involving gases, and nozzles. The problems calculate quantities like work, heat, temperature, pressure, velocity and cross-sectional areas given initial and final states and process information for systems involving gases.

Uploaded by

Aditya raj sachdev
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Tutorial Sheet of Thermodynamics (KME-301) - Number 02

1. A mass of gas is compressed in a quasi-static process from 80 kPa, 0.1 m3 to 0.4 MPa, 0.03
m3. Assuming that the pressure and volume are related by pvn = constant, find the work done
by the gas system. (Ans. –11.83 kJ)
2. A system of volume V contains a mass m of gas at pressure p and
temperature T. The macroscopic properties of the system obey the
following relationship:

Where a, b, and R are constants. Obtain an expression for the displacement work done by the
system during a constant-temperature expansion from volume V1 to volume V2.
Calculate the work done by a system which contains 10 kg of this gas
expanding from 1 m3 to 10 m3 at a temperature of 293 K. Use the values
(Ans. 1742 kJ)
3. If a gas of volume 6000 cm3 and at pressure of 100 kPa is compressed
quasistatically according to pV2 = constant until the volume becomes
2000 cm3, determine the final pressure and the work transfer. (Ans. 900 kPa, – 1.2 kJ)
4. During one cycle the working fluid in an engine engages in two work
interactions: 15 kJ to the fluid and 44 kJ from the fluid, and three heat
interactions, two of which are known: 75 kJ to the fluid and 40 kJ from
the fluid. Evaluate the magnitude and direction of the third heat
transfer. (Ans. – 6 kJ)
5. The properties of a certain fluid are related as follows: ,
, Where u is the specific internal energy (kJ/kg), t is in °C, p is
pressure (kN/m ), and v is specific volume (m3/kg). For this fluid, find cv and cp. (Ans.
2

0.718, 1.005 kJ/kg K)


6. A gas of mass 1.5 kg undergoes a quasi-static expansion which follows a
relationship p = a + bV, where a and b are constants. The initial and final
pressures are 1000 kPa and 200 kPa respectively and the corresponding
volumes are 0.20 m3 and 1.20 m3. The specific internal energy of the gas
is given by the relation u = l.5 pv – 85 kJ/kg, Where p is the kPa and v is in m3/kg. Calculate
the net heat transfer and the maximum internal energy of the gas attained during expansion.
(Ans. 660 kJ, 503.3 kJ)
7. The heat capacity at constant pressure of a certain system is a function
of temperature only and may be expressed as;

, Where t is the temperature of the system in °C. The system is


heated while it is maintained at a pressure of 1 atmosphere until its volume
increases from 2000 cm3 to 2400 cm3 and its temperature increases from 0°C to 100°C.
(a) Find the magnitude of the heat interaction.
(b) How much does the internal energy of the system increase? (Ans. (a) 238.32 J (b) 197.79 J)
8. A gas undergoes a thermodynamic cycle consisting of three processes
beginning at an initial state where p1 = 1 bar, V1 = 1.5 m3 and U1 = 512 kJ.
The processes are as follows:
Compression with pV = constant to p2 = 2
(i) Process 1–2: bar, U2 = 690 kJ

(ii) Process 2–3: W23 = 0, Q23 = –150 kJ, and


(iii) Process 3–1: W31 = +50 kJ. Neglecting KE and PE changes,
determine the heat interactions Q12 and Q31. (Ans. 74 kJ, 22 kJ)
9. A gas undergoes a thermodynamic cycle consisting of the following processes:
(i) Process 1–2: Constant pressure p = 1.4 bar, V1 = 0.028 m3, W12 = 10.5 kJ
(ii) Process 2–3: Compression with pV = constant, U3 = U2
(iii) Process 3–1: Constant volume, U1 – U3 = – 26.4 kJ. There are no significant changes in
KE and PE.
(a) Sketch the cycle on a p–V diagram
(b) Calculate the net work for the cycle in kJ
(c) Calculate the heat transfer for process 1–2
(d) Show that (Ans. (b) – 8.28 kJ, (c) 36.9 kJ)
10. A blower handles 1 kg/s of air at 20°C and consumes a power of 15 kW. The inlet and outlet
velocities of air are 100 m/s and 150 m/s respectively.Find the exit air temperature, assuming
adiabatic conditions. Take cp of air is 1.005 kJ/kg-K. (Ans. 28.38°C)
11. A nozzle is a device for increasing the velocity of a steadily flowing
stream. At the inlet to a certain nozzle, the enthalpy of the fluid passing
is 3000 kJ/kg and the velocity is 60 m/s. At the discharge end, the
enthalpy is 2762 kJ/kg. The nozzle is horizontal and there is negligible
heat loss from it. (a) Find the velocity at exists from the nozzle.
(b) If the inlet area is 0.1 m2 and the specific volume at inlet is 0.187 m3/kg, find the mass
flow rate. (c) If the specific volume at the nozzle exit is 0.498 m3/kg, find the exit
area of the nozzle. (Ans. (a) 692.5 m/s, (b) 32.08 kg/s (c) 0.023 m2)
12. The steam supply to an engine comprises two streams which mix before
entering the engine. One stream is supplied at the rate of 0.01 kg/s with an enthalpy of 2952
kJ/kg and a velocity of 20 m/s. The other stream is supplied at the rate of 0.1 kg/s with an
enthalpy of 2569 kJ/kg and a velocity of 120 m/s. At the exit from the engine the fluid leaves
as two streams, one of water at the rate of 0.001 kg/s with an enthalpy of 420 kJ/kg and the
other of steam; the fluid velocities at the exit are negligible. The engine develops a shaft
power of 25 kW. The heat transfer is negligible. Evaluate the enthalpy of the second exit
stream. (Ans. 2402 kJ/kg)
13. The stream of air and gasoline vapour, in the ratio of 14: 1 by mass,
enters a gasoline engine at a temperature of 30°C and leaves as combustion products at a
temperature of 790°C. The engine has a specific fuel consumption of 0.3 kg/kWh. The net
heat transfer rate from the fuel-air stream to the jacket cooling water and to the surroundings
is 35 kW. The shaft power delivered by the engine is 26 kW. Compute the increase in the
specific enthalpy of the fuel air stream, assuming the changes in kinetic energy and in
elevation to be negligible. (Ans. – 1877 kJ/kg mixture)
14. An air turbine forms part of an aircraft refrigerating plant. Air at a pressure of 295 kPa and a
temperature of 58°C flows steadily into the turbine with a velocity of 45 m/s. The air leaves
the turbine at a pressure of 115 kPa, a temperature of 2°C, and a velocity of 150 m/s. The
shaft work delivered by the turbine is 54 kJ/kg of air. Neglecting changes in elevation,
determine the magnitude and sign of the heat transfer per unit mass of air flowing. For air,
take cp = 1.005 kJ/kg K and the enthalpy h = cp t. (Ans. + 7.96 kJ/kg)
15. Air flows steadily at the rate of 0.4 kg/s through an air compressor, entering at 6 m/s with a
pressure of 1 bar and a specific volume of 0.85 m3/kg, and leaving at 4.5 m/s with a pressure
of 6.9 bar and a specific volume of 0.16 m3/kg. The internal energy of the air leaving is 88
kJ/kg greater than that of the air entering. Cooling water in a jacket surrounding the cylinder
absorbs heat from the air at the rate of 59 W. Calculate the power required to drive the
compressor and the inlet and outlet cross-sectional areas. (Ans. 45.4 kW, 0.057 m2, 0.0142
m2)
16. A perfect gas flows through a nozzle where it expands in a reversible adiabatic manner, The
inlet conditions are 22 bar, 5000C, 38 m/s. At exit, the pressure is 2 bar. Determine the exit
velocity and exit area if the flow rate is 4 kg/s. Take R = 190J/kgK and γ=1.35. (Ans. 726
m/s, 0.0022 m2)

Date of Submission: 25/10/2021

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