10 VIII August 2022

https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.46174
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 10 Issue VIII August 2022- Available at www.ijraset.com

Arduino UNO based System to Monitor the Cooling

Process of Hot Fluid
Abhishek S Chaudhary1, Atishay Jain2, Priyojit Sarkar3, Yeshwanth Tulasi4, Indusree R5
1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Student, School of Chemical Engineering, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract: Temperature is a crucial parameter used in various systems and industrial sectors, various sensors. In this work, the
rate of change of energy of boiling water is monitored as it cools down to room temperature using Arduino UNO based system.
The temperature readings are captured using the DS18B20 temperature sensor which are then processed using MATLAB to
compute changes in energy using customized code based on Newton’s law of cooling.
Keywords: Arduino UNO, DS18B20, MATLAB Support for Arduino, Newton's Law of Cooling

I. INTRODUCTION
Temperature is one of the most important metrics, used in a wide variety of sectors, including chemical, pharmaceutical and food,
machinery and equipment, and almost every other industry. There are a number of devices that can be used to measure temperature
such as temperature transmitter, thermocouples, Change-of-State temperature measurement devices, Resistance Temperature
Devices (RTD), Fluid-Expansion devices, Bimetallic measurement devices, and Infrared temperature measurement devices. The
changes in temperatures have a direct relation with change in the energy of the body, substance or fluid under study hence accurate
temperature measurements play an important role.

A. Arduino UNO
Arduino UNO [1] is a low-cost, flexible and easy-to-use programmable open-source microcontroller based on the ATmega328P
microchip, which can interface other peripherals such as sensors, other microcontroller boards, LEDs, servos, and motors. The UNO
is a 68.6 mm x 53.4 mm board that comprises 6 analog pin inputs, 14 digital pins, a USB connector, a power jack, and an ICSP (In-
Circuit Serial Programming) header.

Figure 1. Arduino UNO microcontroller

©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 327
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 10 Issue VIII August 2022- Available at www.ijraset.com

A labelled diagram of the Arduino UNO board is shown in Figure 1 and the functionality of each of the component is explained in
detail as below:

Table 1. Function of Arduino UNO parts

Component Description Component Description
ATmega328 It is a 8-bit single chip microcontroller that Reset It resets the connection of the circuit
microcontroller combines the memory, Analog to Digital button
converter, SPI serial ports, I/O lines,
registers, timer, external and internal
interrupts, and oscillator.
ICSP pin This pin allows the user to program using USB It allows the connection of the Arduino
the firmware of the Arduino board. board to the computer, which is essential
for the programming of the board.
Power LED The LED shows the power status of the Crystal It delivers only the required amount of
Indicator board, it is lit up when connected to a power Oscillator voltage to the input of the Arduino board
source. and controls the DC power supply utilized
by the board and other peripheral devices.
Digital I/O The digital pins have the value HIGH or Voltage It scales the input voltage to 5V.
pins LOW value. They are 14 in total, numbered Regulator
from D0-D13.
Analog Pins The function of Analog pins is to read the GND The ground pin acts as a pin with zero
analog sensor used in the connection. They voltage.
are 6 in total numbered from A0-A5.
Tx and Rx These LEDs indicate the transfer of data, Vin It is the input voltage.
LEDs where Tx indicates the transferring and Rx
indicates the receiving of data.
AREF This pin is used to feed a reference voltage
to the Arduino UNO board from the
external power supply.

B. DS18B20 temperature sensor

DS18B20 [2] is a popularly used temperature sensor, primarily because it's cheap, easy-to-use and waterproof. This temperature
sensor provides 9 to 12-bit configurable temperature reading which indicates the temperature of the device. The data transfer takes
place over a 1-wire interface connected from the central microprocessor (Arduino UNO), this allows the power for reading, writing,
and temperature conversions from the data line itself without the need for an external power source. Each sensor contains a unique
silicon serial number, due to which multiple sensors can exist on the same 1-wire connection. This provides a path for placing
multiple sensors in different places and hence this sensor finds its application in sensing temperature inside buildings, equipment or
machinery, and process monitoring and control.

Figure 2. DS18B20 Temperature sensor

©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 328
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 10 Issue VIII August 2022- Available at www.ijraset.com

C. Newton’s law of cooling

The Newton's law of cooling states that the rate of heat loss of a body is directly proportional to the difference in the temperatures
between the body and its surroundings provided the temperature difference is small and the nature of radiating surface remains same.
Empirically it is given by,
( − ) [Equation 1]
Replacing, =
( − ) [Equation 2]
Therefore,
( − ) [Equation 3]
= ( − ) [Equation 4]
Where,
= Heat (in Joules)
= Mass of substance (in kg)
= Specific heat capacity of substance at constant pressure
= Time (in seconds)
= Temperature of substance at a given time (in Kelvin)
= Temperature of surroundings (in Kelvin)
= Constant of proportionality (in sec-1)
The objectives of this proposed model are:
1) Establish a dynamic link between Arduino UNO and MATLAB computation environment.
2) Obtain the temperature readings of the hot fluid using the DS18B20 temperature sensor.
3) Plot the variation of temperature of the hot fluid (in this study, water) as it cools down.
4) Plot the Rate of energy loss of the hot fluid (in this study, water) as it cools down.

II. METHODOLOGY
The experimentation was divided into two segments, first the hardware connections setup and secondly the MATLAB-Arduino
software linkage.

A. Hardware connections
The connections of the sensors with the Arduino board are done as per the circuit diagram shown in Figure 3, upon which the board
is powered up using the USB connection to a laptop computer. The sensor is configured using the Arduino IDE version 1.8.13,
where the DallasTemperature version 3.9.0 library is imported to code workspace using the library manager. Upon defining the
programming instructions for the temperature sensing, the code is uploaded to the Arduino and it initializes the temperature sensing
process.

(a)

©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 329
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 10 Issue VIII August 2022- Available at www.ijraset.com

(b)
Figure 3. (a) Arduino UNO connections, Experimental Setup

B. Software setup and calculations

For the calculation of energy loss, firstly the temperature variation of the hot fluid is captured by creating a dynamic linkage
between MATLAB R2021b and the Arduino board. MATLAB provides a Support Package for Arduino Hardware that allows to
write MATLAB code, which later can be compiled, loaded and executed on an Arduino board. This package enables to read/write to
I/O pins, communicate with peripheral device via I2C or SPI, etc. Since MATLAB [3] is a high-level interpreted language, results
can be seen from I/O instructions immediately, without compiling. MATLAB includes thousands of built-in math, engineering, and
plotting functions that can be used to quickly analyze and visualize data collected from your Arduino.

III. RESULTS
The calibration of the temperature sensor was done at room temperature of 30oC as evident from the Figure 4.

Figure 4. DS18B20 sensor calibration using Arduino IDE

Once the sensor was calibrated, a dynamic link between Arduino system and MATLAB was established, that enabled MATLAB to
directly read the temperature from the sensor. The temperature readings were then plotted in MATLAB plot GUI as shown in Figure
5. As evident, due a to high sampling frequency of the Arduino certain noises in the data is obtained, which are nullified and
processed.

©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 330
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 10 Issue VIII August 2022- Available at www.ijraset.com

Figure 5. Real-time data capture and plotting using Arduino interfaced with MATLAB

The Figure 6 shows the temperature variation of the hot water with respect to time. The experimentation and sampling were done at
a surrounding temperature of 35oC and hot water used at the start of the experimentation was at 95oC. The water reached the
temperature of the surrounding after 307 seconds (~ 5 mins).

Figure 6. Variation of temperature of water (in Kelvin) as it cools down to room temperature

Using a customized MATLAB script, the calculation of rate of loss of energy of water was implemented and the results is shown in
Figure 7, where y-axis represents the loss of energy in kJ/s and x-axis denotes time in seconds. As evident from the plot, at the start
of the experiment, the magnitude of energy loss was high and as time increased the magnitude reduced, which is obvious from the
fact that, with the passage of time the energy content of water reduces on account of cooling.

©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 331
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 10 Issue VIII August 2022- Available at www.ijraset.com

Figure 7. Variation of energy loss of water (in kJ/s) as it cools down to room temperature

IV. CONCLUSION
Given the importance of temperature measurements in various applications, this study attempted to highlight its significance in
estimating the loss of energy of water as it cools down from boiling state. The temperature measurements were carried out using a
DS18B20 sensor linked with Arduino UNO and interfaced with MATLAB. The MATLAB software leveraged the data capture and
live plotting. After processing the data to remove the noise, the variation of temperature and loss of energy with respect to time was
visualized.

REFERENCES
[1] UNO R3. (2022). Arduino Documentation. Retrieved August 4, 2022, from https://docs.arduino.cc/hardware/uno-rev3
[2] DS18B20 Programmable Resolution 1-Wire Digital Thermometer, datasheets.maximintegrated.com/en/ds/DS18B20.pdf
[3] MATLAB Support Package for Arduino Hardware Documentation - MathWorks India. (2022). MATLAB Support Package for Arduino Hardware.
https://in.mathworks.com/help/supportpkg/arduinoio/

©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 332